Measures of body composition in blacks and whites: a comparative review
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Biological differences exist in the body composition of blacks and whites. We reviewed literature on the differences and similarities between the 2 races relative to fat-free body mass (water, mineral, and protein), fat patterning, and body dimensions and proportions. In general, blacks have a greater bone mineral density and body protein content than do whites, resulting in a greater fat-free body density. Additionally, there are racial differences in the distribution of subcutaneous fat and the length of the limbs relative to the trunk. The possibility that these differences are a result of ethnicity rather than of race is also examined. Because most equations that predict relative body fat were derived from predominantly white samples, biological variation between the races in these body-composition indexes has practical significance. Systematic error can result in the inaccurate estimation of the relative body fat of blacks, and therefore of definitions of obesity, if these inherent differences are ignored.
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Differences in body properties related to obesity and ethnicity may prevent a single BIA equation from being best for all.
“mounting evidence suggests that the differences in the properties of the body, such as those related to obesity (3) and ethnicity (6,9,33), may prevent this from becoming a reality.”
From Comparison of Body Composition Methods in Obese African‐American Women (2006) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Wagner, D. R., & Heyward, V. H.
- Affiliations
- Vanguard University (US)
- ORCID
- Wagner, Dale R
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1392-1402
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1871170274
- Cited by
- 397
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 5.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Race, Genetics, and Society
- Keywords
- body composition, racial differences, black and white populations, fat-free mass, bone mineral density, body protein, subcutaneous fat distribution, limb length, body proportions, ethnicity, obesity definition, measurement error
- MeSH terms
- Body Composition, Body Constitution, Body Water, Humans, Minerals, Proteins, Bone Density, Black People, White People
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