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Extended effects of evening meal carbohydrate-to-fat ratio on fasting and postprandial substrate metabolism
Open accessAbstract
Background High-fat and high-carbohydrate diets lead to insulin resistance, gastrointestinal adaptation, and high plasma triacylglycerol concentrations. It is unclear, however, how rapidly these changes occur. Objective We sought to determine the effects of both high-fat and high-carbohydrate evening meals on parameters of insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and gastrointestinal hormones. Design Twelve healthy men were studied on 4 separate occasions. On 2 occasions, the subjects received a high-fat evening meal (62% of energy from fat) and on the other 2 occasions the subjects received a low-fat evening meal (16% of energy from fat). The morning after each meal the subjects were administered either an oral-fat-tolerance test or an oral-glucose-tolerance test. Plasma samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, triacylglycerol, pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, and cholecystokinin. Postchallenge data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance with interaction and fasting concentrations analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results Fasting plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol were significantly elevated 12 h after each evening meal, but fatty acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were reduced. No effects on glucose or insulin concentrations were detected. The high-fat evening meals elevated plasma cholecystokinin concentrations, reduced fasting concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, and had no significant effect on peptide YY concentrations. The ratio of fat to carbohydrate in the evening meal produced significant effects on plasma triacylglycerol and fatty acids during both the oral-fat-tolerance and oral-glucose-tolerance tests. Conclusions The present study showed that the effects of high-fat and high-carbohydrate evening meals persist at least overnight and suggests that knowledge of recent dietary history is essential to the effective design of metabolic studies.
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“Meals rich in either CHO or fat on the evening before a meal-challenge test have significant effects the following day: fat tolerance is poorer following a CHOrich evening meal; glucose tolerance is poorer following a fat-rich (low-CHO) evening meal (Robertson et al. 2002).”
From Glycaemic index methodology (2005) · cites this paper as Robertson et al. 2002
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“However, the effect of evening meal macronutrient composition on fat tolerance is much more marked than the effect on glucose tolerance (Robertson et al. 2002).”
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“Intake of dietary RS on the day before a meal challenge may improve glucose tolerance (Robertson et al. 2002).”
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Brouns, F., Bjorck, I., Frayn, K. N., Gibbs, A. L., Lang, V., Slama, G., & Wolever, T. M. S. (2005) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1079/nrr2005100 · Cited by 1,093
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Self-citationEffect of protein, fat, carbohydrate and fibre on gastrointestinal peptide release in humans
Karhunen, L. J., Juvonen, K. R., Huotari, A., Purhonen, A., & Herzig, K. (2008) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2007.10.008 · Cited by 240
Sugars, hypertriglyceridemia, and cardiovascular disease
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Measuring the glycemic index of foods: interlaboratory study
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Metadata
- Authors
- Robertson, M. D., Henderson, R. A., Vist, G. E., & Rumsey, R. D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rumsey, R David E
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 505-510
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2158725352
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- dinner, carbohydrate-to-fat ratio, high-fat diet, high-carbohydrate diet, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, plasma triglycerides, fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, gastrointestinal hormones, cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, substrate metabolism, dietary history
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Blood Glucose, Cholecystokinin, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Energy Metabolism, Fasting, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Gastrointestinal Hormones, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Pancreatic Polypeptide, Triglycerides, Postprandial Period, Area Under Curve, Peptide YY, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
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