Circadian variation in gastric emptying of meals in humans
Abstract
Circadian changes in drug absorption have been documented for several orally administered drugs in humans. To determine whether gastric emptying could account for these changes, morning (8 AM) and evening (8 PM) gastric emptying rates were measured in 16 healthy male subjects synchronized with diurnal activity and nocturnal rest. Gastric emptying half-times for the evening meal were significantly (p less than 0.001) longer for solids but not liquids when compared with morning emptying half-times. The increase in evening meal emptying time (53.6%) may account for the evening delay in reaching peak plasma concentrations documented for several drugs.
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The rate of gastric emptying for solids is higher in the evening compared to the morning.
“Accordingly, the rate of gastric emptying for solids was reported to be higher in the evening compared to the morning [30].”
From Homeostatic and Circadian Control of Food Intake: Clinical Strategies to Prevent Overconsumption (2013) · cites this paper as [30]
Diurnal variations exist in glucose tolerance, gastric emptying, and resting energy expenditure.
“The arguments in favor of limiting and/or avoiding food intake late in the night are supported by data demonstrating diurnal variations in glucose tolerance [1], gastric emptying [2], resting energy expenditure [3].”
From The Health Impact of Nighttime Eating: Old and New Perspectives (2015) · cites this paper as [2]
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Rhythms in Pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
Bélanger, P. M., Bruguerolle, B., & Labrecque, G. (1997) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-09355-9_8 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Diurnal postprandial responses to low and high glycaemic index mixed meals
Gibbs, M. A., Harrington, D., Starkey, S., Williams, P., & Hampton, S. M. (2013) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2013.09.018 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Sleep and the Gastrointestinal Tract
Orr, W. C., & Chen, C. L. (2005) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2005.05.004 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Gupta, C. C., Dorrian, J., Grant, C. L., Pajcin, M., Coates, A. M., Kennaway, D. J., Wittert, G., Heilbronn, L. K., Vedova, C. B. D., & Banks, S. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2016.1237520 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Chronopharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Occurrence of Acute Rejection
Tada, H., Satoh, S., Iinuma, M., Shimoda, N., Murakami, M., Hayase, Y., Kato, T., & Suzuki, T. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1177/0091270003254797 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Gastrointestinal Motor Disorders
Hebbard, G. S., Sun, W. M., Bochner, F., & Horowitz, M. (1995) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2165/00003088-199528010-00005 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
- Authors
- Goo, R. H., Moore, J. G., Greenberg, E., & Alazraki, N. P.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- ORCID
- Moore, J.G.
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-09
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 515-518
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1472243025
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
- Keywords
- circadian rhythm, gastric emptying, meal timing, drug absorption, oral bioavailability, food effect on absorption
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Food, Gastric Emptying, Humans, Male
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