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Cited by 232Diet, Metabolism, and DiseaseDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsNutritional Studies and Diet

Sugars, hypertriglyceridemia, and cardiovascular disease

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Fried, Susan K, Rao, Salome P·2003·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/78.4.873s
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Abstract

Short-term studies consistently show that raising the carbohydrate content of the diet increases serum triacylglycerol concentrations. As compared with starches, sugars (particularly sucrose and fructose) tend to increase serum triacylglycerol concentrations by approximately 60%. The magnitude of the effect depends on other aspects of the diet, including the total amount of carbohydrate and the types of fat, carbohydrate, and fiber, but definitive studies to describe the dose-response relations are not available. Longer-term studies show that some high-carbohydrate diets are not associated with increased fasting serum triacylgycerol concentrations. However, sedentary subjects with upper-body and visceral obesity who have the metabolic syndrome tend to be at higher risk for hypertriglyceridemia in response to high-sucrose and high-carbohydrate diets; moderate weight loss mitigates the effect. Hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance may play a role in promoting higher rates of VLDL synthesis and hypertriglyceridemia in obesity, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The effect of fructose in promoting triacylglycerol synthesis is independent of insulinemia, however. In terms of the long-term effects of diets high in sugars on the risk of cardiovascular disease, available epidemiologic evidence indicates no association of sugars or total carbohydrate intake per se, but high dietary glycemic load is associated with higher serum triacylglycerol concentrations and greater risk of coronary heart disease in women. Studies are needed to delineate the independent effects of dietary sugars and glycemic load on serum triacylglycerol concentrations in lean and obese men and women and to determine whether the elevations in fasting and fed concentrations of serum triacylglycerol with high-carbohydrate and high-sugars diets are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

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  • Reduction in dietary intake of fat is frequently associated with increased intake of carbohydrates and leads to carbohydrate induced hypertriglyceridemia (HPTG).

    “Reduction in dietary intake of fat is frequently associated with increased intake of carbohydrates and leads to carbohydrate induced hypertriglyceridemia (HPTG) [64-69].”

    From The case for low carbohydrate diets in diabetes management (2005) · cites this paper as [69]

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Katan MB, Grundy SM, Willett WC. Should a low-fat, high- carbohydrate diet be recommended for everyone? Beyond low-fat diets. N Engl J Med 1997;337:563-6.
  2. Krauss RM. Dietary and genetic effects on low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity. Annu Rev Nutr 2001;21:283-95.
  3. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrates, fiber, fat, pro- tein and amino acids (macronutrients). A report of the Panel on Micronutrients, Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients and Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.

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Authors
Fried, S. K., & Rao, S. P.
Affiliations
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
Corresponding author
Fried, Susan K
ORCID
Fried, Susan K
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-10
Volume
78
Issue
4
Pages
873S-880S
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/78.4.873s
OpenAlex
W1887621239
Cited by
232
References
76
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 11
FWCI
1.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords
dietary sugar, sucrose, fructose, hypertriglyceridemia, serum triglycerides, cardiovascular risk, high-carbohydrate diet, glycemic load, metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, VLDL synthesis, coronary artery disease, women
MeSH terms
Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Hypertriglyceridemia

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