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Effect of a high-protein, energy-restricted diet on body composition, glycemic control, and lipid concentrations in overweight and obese hyperinsulinemic men and women
Open accessAbstract
Background It is not clear whether varying the protein-to-carbohydrate ratio of weight-loss diets benefits body composition or metabolism.Objective The objective was to compare the effects of 2 weight-loss diets differing in protein-to-carbohydrate ratio on body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism, and markers of bone turnover.Design A parallel design included either a high-protein diet of meat, poultry, and dairy foods (HP diet: 27% of energy as protein, 44% as carbohydrate, and 29% as fat) or a standard-protein diet low in those foods (SP diet: 16% of energy as protein, 57% as carbohydrate, and 27% as fat) during 12 wk of energy restriction (6-6.3 MJ/d) and 4 wk of energy balance ( approximately 8.2 MJ/d). Fifty-seven overweight volunteers with fasting insulin concentrations > 12 mU/L completed the study.Results Weight loss (7.9 +/- 0.5 kg) and total fat loss (6.9 +/- 0.4 kg) did not differ between diet groups. In women, total lean mass was significantly (P = 0.02) better preserved with the HP diet (-0.1 +/- 0.3 kg) than with the SP diet (-1.5 +/- 0.3 kg). Those fed the HP diet had significantly (P < 0.03) less glycemic response at weeks 0 and 16 than did those fed the SP diet. After weight loss, the glycemic response decreased significantly (P < 0.05) more in the HP diet group. The reduction in serum triacylglycerol concentrations was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the HP diet group (23%) than in the SP diet group (10%). Markers of bone turnover, calcium excretion, and systolic blood pressure were unchanged.Conclusion Replacing carbohydrate with protein from meat, poultry, and dairy foods has beneficial metabolic effects and no adverse effects on markers of bone turnover or calcium excretion.
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“However, compliance is known to increase when the foods are provided [34,48,56,64,66]”
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“Whether increasing protein intake during weight loss can limit the weight-loss-induced loss of fat-free mass is unclear because of conflicting results reported in the literature (54, 56, 96, 98, 101-108).”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [102]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Farnsworth, E., Luscombe, N. D., Noakes, M., Wittert, G., Argyiou, E., & Clifton, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Clifton, Peter M
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-39
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2167607978
- Cited by
- 438
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 16.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- high-protein diet, caloric restriction, weight loss, protein-carbohydrate ratio, body composition, lean mass preservation, glycemic control, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, overweight, lipid metabolism, triglycerides, bone turnover, calcium excretion, systolic blood pressure
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Energy Intake, Diet, Dietary Proteins, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Triglycerides
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