Effect of garlic powder on C-reactive protein and plasma lipids in overweight and smoking subjects
Open accessAbstract
Background Epidemiologic studies suggest that garlic may have beneficial effects on risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, these findings are not unambiguously supported by randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials.Objective We sought to investigate the effects of a chemically well-characterized garlic preparation on biomarkers for inflammation, endothelial function, and lipid metabolism in subjects with risk factors for CVD.Design This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 90 overweight [body mass index (in kg/m2) > 24.5] subjects aged 40-75 y who smoked >10 cigarettes/d. The subjects were randomly assigned to 3 parallel treatment groups: garlic powder (2.1 g/d), atorvastatin (40 mg/d), or placebo. Duplicate measurements were performed at baseline and after 1 and 3 mo of treatment. Treatments were compared with analysis of covariance with baseline as the covariate, and differences between the treatments were reported as mean percentage difference and corresponding 97.5% CI.Results None of the variables showed significant differences between the garlic-treated and the placebo groups. In contrast, compared with the placebo group, atorvastatin treatment resulted in significantly lower plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (20.2%; 1.7%, 35.3%), total cholesterol (37.2%; 33.1%, 41.1%), LDL cholesterol (52.7%; 47.9%, 57.1%), triacylglycerols (31.9%; 20.8%, 41.5%), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha; 41.9%; 19.0%, 58.3%) and increased the ratio of ex vivo whole blood lipopolysaccharide-stimulated to nonstimulated TNF-alpha concentrations (109.7%; 37.9%, 218.9%).Conclusion We conclude that a chemically well-characterized garlic preparation has no significant effect on inflammatory biomarkers, endothelial function, or lipid profile in normolipidemic subjects with risk factors for CVD.
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- Authors
- van Doorn, M. B., Santo, S. M. E., Meijer, P., Kamerling, I. M., Schoemaker, R. C., Dirsch, V., Vollmar, A., Haffner, T., Gebhardt, R., Cohen, A. F., Princen, H. M., & Burggraaf, J.
- Affiliations
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1324-1329
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2131887953
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud (submittedVersion)
- TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
- Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Garlic and Onion Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- garlic powder, C-reactive protein, plasma lipids, cardiovascular risk factors, overweight, smoking, atorvastatin, inflammation, endothelial function, lipid metabolism, TNF-α, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, cardiovascular disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Atorvastatin, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Anticholesteremic Agents, C-Reactive Protein, Cholesterol, Double-Blind Method, Endothelium, Female, Garlic, Heptanoic Acids, Humans, Lipids, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Plant Extracts, Powders, Pyrroles, Smoking, Triglycerides, Biomarkers, Overweight
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