Effect of garlic on serum lipids: an updated meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background: Epidemiologic studies suggest that garlic may have beneficial effects on risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD).However, these findings are not unambiguously supported by randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials.Objective: We sought to investigate the effects of a chemically well-characterized garlic preparation on biomarkers for inflammation, endothelial function, and lipid metabolism in subjects with risk factors for CVD.Design: This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 90 overweight [body mass index (in kg/m 2 ) 24.5] subjects aged 40 -75 y who smoked 10 cigarettes/d.The subjects were randomly assigned to 3 parallel treatment groups: garlic powder (2.1 g/d), atorvastatin (40 mg/d), or placebo.Duplicate measurements were performed at baseline and after 1 and 3 mo of treatment.Treatments were compared with analysis of covariance with baseline as the covariate, and differences between the treatments were reported as mean percentage difference and corresponding 97.5% CI.Results: None of the variables showed significant differences between the garlic-treated and the placebo groups.In contrast, compared with the placebo group, atorvastatin treatment resulted in significantly lower plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (20.2%; 1.7%, 35.3%), total cholesterol (37.2%; 33.1%, 41.1%), LDL cholesterol (52.7%; 47.9%, 57.1%), triacylglycerols (31.9%; 20.8%, 41.5%), and tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF-␣; 41.9%; 19.0%, 58.3%) and increased the ratio of ex vivo whole blood lipopolysaccharidestimulated to nonstimulated TNF-␣ concentrations (109.7%;37.9%, 218.9%). Conclusion:We conclude that a chemically well-characterized garlic preparation has no significant effect on inflammatory biomarkers, endothelial function, or lipid profile in normolipidemic subjects with risk factors for CVD.
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Garlic extracts for at least 2 months reduce LDL-C by 0.23 mmol/L in mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemic subjects, more evident in individuals with TC < 5.17 mmol/L at baseline.
“the consumption of garlic extracts for at least 2 months showed a reduction of LDL-C (− 0.23 mmol/L [9 mg/dL], more evident in individuals with TC < 5.17 mmol/L [200 mg/dL] at baseline) [47].”
From Nutraceuticals in the Management of Dyslipidemia: Which, When, and for Whom? Could Nutraceuticals Help Low-Risk Individuals with Non-optimal Lipid Levels? (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- Ried, K., Toben, C., & Fakler, P.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine (AU)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Venue
- Nutrition Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-03-07
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 282-299
- ISSN
- 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2136157827
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 14
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Phaidra (Universität Wien) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Primary Health Care Research, Evaluation and Development
- Australian Government
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Garlic and Onion Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Natural Products and Biological Research
- Keywords
- garlic, serum lipids, hypercholesterolemia, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol-lowering drugs, coronary heart disease risk, dietary intervention
- MeSH terms
- Anticholesteremic Agents, Cholesterol, Garlic, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts, Treatment Outcome
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