Cited by 2,689Vitamin D Research StudiesNutrition and Health StudiesBone health and osteoporosis research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 103 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences

Open access

Holick, Michael F, Chen, Tai C·2008·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency is now recognized as a pandemic. The major cause of vitamin D deficiency is the lack of appreciation that sun exposure in moderation is the major source of vitamin D for most humans. Very few foods naturally contain vitamin D, and foods that are fortified with vitamin D are often inadequate to satisfy either a child's or an adult's vitamin D requirement. Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children and will precipitate and exacerbate osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures in adults. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk of common cancers, autoimmune diseases, hypertension, and infectious diseases. A circulating level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of >75 nmol/L, or 30 ng/mL, is required to maximize vitamin D's beneficial effects for health. In the absence of adequate sun exposure, at least 800-1000 IU vitamin D3/d may be needed to achieve this in children and adults. Vitamin D2 may be equally effective for maintaining circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D when given in physiologic concentrations.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/ajcn/87.4.1080s

Cites

103 of 103 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

1 retracted

Amelioration of Osteoporosis and Hypovitaminosis D by Sunlight Exposure in Hospitalized, Elderly Women With Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Satō, Y., Iwamoto, J., Kanoko, T., & Satoh, K. (2005) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.050402 · Cited by 80
Retracted
Vitamin D Deficiency
Holick, M. F. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra070553 · Cited by 13,720
Self-citation
Toll-Like Receptor Triggering of a Vitamin D-Mediated Human Antimicrobial Response
Liu, P. T., Stenger, S., Li, H., Wenzel, L., Tan, B. H., Krutzik, S. R., Ochoa, M. T., Schauber, J., Wu, K., Meinken, C., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1123933 · Cited by 3,924
Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity
Wortsman, J., Matsuoka, L. Y., Chen, T. C., Lu, Z., & Holick, M. F. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.3.690 · Cited by 3,204
Self-citation
Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D
DeLuca, H. F. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1689s · Cited by 2,328
Intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes: a birth-cohort study
Hyppönen, E., Läärä, E., Reunanen, A., Järvelin, M., & Virtanen, S. M. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06580-1 · Cited by 1,948
Estimates of optimal vitamin D status
Dawson‐Hughes, B., Heaney, R. P., Holick, M. F., Lips, P. T. A. M., Meunier, P. J., & Vieth, R. (2005) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-005-1867-7 · Cited by 1,852
Self-citation
Influence of Season and Latitude on the Cutaneous Synthesis of Vitamin D 3 : Exposure to Winter Sunlight in Boston and Edmonton Will Not Promote Vitamin D 3 Synthesis in Human Skin*
Webb, A. R., KLINE, L., & Holick, M. F. (1988) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-67-2-373 · Cited by 1,661
Self-citation
Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety
Vieth, R. (1999) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.5.842 · Cited by 1,511
Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets
Holick, M. F. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci29449 · Cited by 1,492
Self-citation

Show all 104 references

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 1,000

High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Caviezel, D., Maissen, S., Niess, J. H., Kiss, C., & Hruz, P. L. (2017) · Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases · doi:10.1159/000489010 · Cited by 45
Vitamina D: ações extraósseas e uso racional
Lichtenstein, A., Ferreira-Júnior, M., Sales, M. M., Aguiar, F. J. B., Fonseca, L. A. M., Sumita, N. M., & Duarte, A. J. S. (2013) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1016/j.ramb.2013.05.002 · Cited by 45
A multidisciplinary reconstruction of Palaeolithic nutrition that holds promise for the prevention and treatment of diseases of civilisation
Kuipers, R. S., Joordens, J. C. A., & Muskiet, F. A. J. (2012) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422412000017 · Cited by 43
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in individuals with psoriasis in the general population
Wilson, P. B. (2013) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-013-9989-8 · Cited by 44
Vitamin D deficiency in northern Vietnam: Prevalence, risk factors and associations with bone mineral density
Nguyen, H. T. T., von Schoultz, B., Nguyen, T. V., Dzung, D. T. N., Duc, P. T. M., Thủy, V. T., & Hirschberg, A. L. (2012) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2012.07.023 · Cited by 44
Prenatal vitamin D status and offspring’s growth, adiposity and metabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Santamaria, C., Bi, W. G., Leduc, L., Tabatabaei, N., Jantchou, P., Luo, Z., Audibert, F., Nuyt, A. M., & Wei, S. Q. (2018) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114517003646 · Cited by 47
Quality of Filleted Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber Scombrus) During Chilled and Frozen Storage: Changes in Lipids, Vitamin D, Proteins, and Small Metabolites, including Biogenic Amines
Standal, I. B., Mozūraitytė, R., Rustad, T., Alinasabhematabadi, L., Carlsson, N., & Undeland, I. (2018) · Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology · doi:10.1080/10498850.2018.1436107 · Cited by 44
Evaluating Vitamin D Status in Pre- and Postmenopausal Type 2 Diabetics and Its Association with Glucose Homeostasis
Fondjo, L. A., Sakyi, S. A., Owiredu, W. K. B. A., Laing, E. F., Owiredu, E., Awusi, E. K., Ephraim, R. K. D., & Sarfo‐Kantanka, O. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/9369282 · Cited by 44
The Murakami Cohort Study of vitamin D for the prevention of musculoskeletal and other age-related diseases: a study protocol
Nakamura, K., Takachi, R., Kitamura, K., Saito, T., Kobayashi, R., Oshiki, R., Watanabe, Y., Kabasawa, K., Takahashi, A., Tsugane, S., et al. (2018) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-018-0715-2 · Cited by 44
Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency among Pregnant Rural Women in Bangladesh
Ahmed, F., Khosravi‐Boroujeni, H., Khan, M. R., Roy, A. K., & Raqib, R. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020449 · Cited by 51
Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Serum Vitamin D Levels in a Greek Rural Population (Velestino Study)
Divanoglou, N., Komninou, D., Stea, E. A., Argiriou, A., Papatzikas, G., Tsakalof, A. K., Pazaitou‐Panayiotou, K., Georgakis, M. K., & Petridou, E. T. (2021) · Lifestyle Genomics · doi:10.1159/000514338 · Cited by 46
Males with low serum levels of vitamin D have lower pregnancy rates when ovulation induction and timed intercourse are used as a treatment for infertile couples: results from a pilot study
Tartagni, M., Matteo, M., Baldini, D., Tartagni, M. V., Alrasheed, H. H., Salvia, M. A. D., Loverro, G., & Montagnani, M. (2015) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s12958-015-0126-9 · Cited by 47
Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy
Palacios, C. S., Kostiuk, L., Cuthbert, A., & Weeks, J. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008873.pub5 · Cited by 54
Photoprotective effects of nicotinamide
Damian, D. L. (2010) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/b9pp00146h · Cited by 43
Bone remodelling is reduced by recovery from iron-deficiency anaemia in premenopausal women
Wright, I., Blanco-Rojo, R., Fernández, M., Toxqui, L., Moreno, G., Pérez-Granados, A. M., de la Piedra, C., Remacha, A. F., & Vaquero, M. P. (2013) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-013-0266-3 · Cited by 43
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels among Mexican children ages 2 y to 12 y: A national survey
Flores, M., Macías, N., Lozada, A. L., Sánchez‐Romero, L. M., Díaz, E. D., & Barquera, S. (2013) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.12.024 · Cited by 43
Vitamin D deficiency is common in psychogeriatric patients, independent of diagnosis
Grønli, O., Kvamme, J., Jorde, R., & Wynn, R. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-134 · Cited by 43
A Survey of University Students’ Vitamin D–Related Knowledge
Boland, S., Irwin, J. D., & Johnson, A. M. (2014) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2014.08.013 · Cited by 43
Improving maternal vitamin D status promotes prenatal and postnatal skeletal muscle development of pig offspring
Zhou, H., Chen, Y., Lv, G., Zhuo, Y., Lin, Y., Feng, B., Fang, Z., Che, L., Li, J., Xu, S., et al. (2016) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2016.03.004 · Cited by 43
Prognostic value of circulating vitamin D binding protein, total, free and bioavailable 25-hydroxy vitamin D in patients with colorectal cancer
Yang, L., Chen, H., Zhao, M., & Peng, P. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16597 · Cited by 43
Correcting Vitamin D Insufficiency Improves Some But Not All Aspects of Physical Performance During Winter Training in Taekwondo Athletes
Jung, H. C., Seo, M.-W., Lee, S., Jung, S. W., & Song, J.-K. (2018) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0412 · Cited by 43
Vitamin D Supplementation and Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abboud, M. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12041163 · Cited by 43
Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete
West, S., Monteyne, A. J., van der Heijden, I., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2023) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.012 · Cited by 42
“Healthy serum 25(OH)D levels are considered 50 nmol/L [288], but estimates indicate that 20% to 80% of US, Canadian, and European adults have serum 25(OH)D levels below this [289].”
Background
The Relationship Between Vitamin D and Breast Cancer Incidence and Natural History
Khan, Q. J., Kimler, B. F., & Fabian, C. J. (2010) · Current Oncology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11912-010-0081-8 · Cited by 42
Effects of vitamin D treatment on thyroid function and autoimmunity markers in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis—A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Jiang, H., Chen, X., Qian, X., & Shao, S. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/jcpt.13605 · Cited by 42
The Role of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Periodontitis—Narrative Review
Ustianowski, Ł., Ustianowska, K., Gurazda, K., Rusiński, M., Ostrowski, P., & Pawlik, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076774 · Cited by 42
Relations of vitamin D status, gender and type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Caucasians
Stadlmayr, A., Aigner, E. S., Huber-Schönauer, U., Niederseer, D., Zwerina, J., Husar-Memmer, E., Hohla, F., Schett, G. A., Patsch, W., & Datz, C. (2014) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-014-0596-9 · Cited by 44
Make Vitamin D While the Sun Shines, Take Supplements When It Doesn′t: A Longitudinal, Observational Study of Older Adults in Tasmania, Australia
Pittaway, J. K., Ahuja, K., Beckett, J. M., Bird, M., Robertson, I. K., & Ball, M. J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059063 · Cited by 42
Associations Between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Weight Gain in Elderly Women
LeBlanc, E. S., Rizzo, J. H., Pedula, K. L., Ensrud, K. E., Cauley, J. A., Hochberg, M. C., & Hillier, F. T. S. O. O. T. A. (2012) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2012.3506 · Cited by 42
Vitamin D3 Deficiency Differentially Affects Functional and Disease Outcomes in the G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Solomon, J. A., Gianforcaro, A., & Hamadeh, M. J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029354 · Cited by 42
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with nutrition, travelling and clothing habits in an immigrant population in Northern Sweden
Granlund, L., Ramnemark, A., Andersson, C., Lindkvist, M., Fhärm, E., & Norberg, M. (2015) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.176 · Cited by 42
Association of vitamin D deficiency, season of the year, and latent tuberculosis infection among household contacts
Balcells, M. E., García, P., Tiznado, C., Villarroel, L. A., Scioscia, N., Carvajal, C., Zegna-Ratá, F., Hernández, M., Meza, P., González, L. F., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175400 · Cited by 42
The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and sleep quality in fixed day indoor field workers in the electronics manufacturing industry in Korea
Jung, Y. S., Chae, C. H., Kim, Y. O., Son, J. S., Kim, C. W., Park, H. O., Lee, J. H., Shin, Y. H., & Kwak, H. S. (2017) · Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1186/s40557-017-0187-7 · Cited by 42
Effect of Vitamin D deficiency treatment on thyroid function and autoimmunity markers in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
Anaraki, P. V., Aminorroaya, A., Amini, M., Momeni, F., Feizi, A., Iraj, B., & Tabatabaei, A. (2017) · Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/jrms.jrms_1048_16 · Cited by 43
Evaluating the effects of administration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplement on serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in infertile women
Naderi, Z., Kashanian, M., Chenari, L., & Sheikhansari, N. (2017) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2017.1410785 · Cited by 42
Vitamin D Screening and Supplementation in Community-Dwelling Adults: Common Questions and Answers.
LeFevre, M. L., & LeFevre, N. M. (2018) · PubMed · Cited by 42
High frequency of vitamin D deficiency in current pregnant Japanese women associated with UV avoidance and hypo-vitamin D diet
Kanatani, K. T., Nakayama, T., Adachi, Y., Hamazaki, K., Onishi, K., Konishi, Y., Kawanishi, Y., Go, T., Sato, K., Kurozawa, Y., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213264 · Cited by 42
Nutrition and osteoporosis prevention and treatment
Hejazi, J., Davoodi, A., Khosravi, M., Sedaghat, M., Abedi, V., Hosseinverdi, S., Ehrampoush, E., Homayounfar, R., & Shojaie, L. (2020) · Biomedical Research and Therapy · doi:10.15419/bmrat.v7i4.598 · Cited by 41
Association Between Vitamin D and Uric Acid in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Isnuwardana, R., Bijukchhe, S. M., Thadanipon, K., Ingsathit, A., & Thakkinstian, A. (2020) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-1240-5850 · Cited by 43
Vitamin D deficiency rickets and allegations of non‐accidental injury
Paterson, C. R. (2009) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01407.x · Cited by 42
LC–MS/MS with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation to study the effect of UV treatment on the formation of vitamin D3 and sterols in plants
Jäpelt, R. B., Silvestro, D., Smedsgaard, J., Jensen, P. E., & Jakobsen, J. (2011) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.029 · Cited by 42
Role of Vitamin D in Liver Disease and Complications of Advanced Chronic Liver Disease
Ravaioli, F., Pivetti, A., Marco, L. D., Chrysanthi, C., Frassanito, G., Pambianco, M., Sicuro, C., Gualandi, N., Guasconi, T., Pecchini, M., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23169016 · Cited by 42
Chronic urticaria merits serum vitamin D evaluation and supplementation; a randomized case control study
Rasool, R., Masoodi, K. Z., Shera, I. A., Yosuf, Q., Bhat, I. A., Qasim, I., Nissar, S., & Shah, Z. A. (2015) · World Allergy Organization Journal · doi:10.1186/s40413-015-0066-z · Cited by 41
Calcium‐vitamin D ‐fortified milk is as effective on circulating bone biomarkers as fortified juice and supplement but has less acceptance: a randomised controlled school‐based trial
Neyestani, T. R., Hajifaraji, M., Omidvar, N., Nikooyeh, B., Eshraghian, M. R., Shariátzadeh, N., Kalayi, A., Khalaji, N., Zahedirad, M., Abtahi, M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.12191 · Cited by 41
Infant and young child feeding practices and stunting in two highland provinces in Ecuador
ROCHE, M. L., Gyorkos, T. W., Blouin, B., Marquis, G. S., Sarsoza, J., & Kuhnlein, H. V. (2016) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/mcn.12324 · Cited by 41
Vitamin D and serum leptin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials
Hajimohammadi, M., Shab‐Bidar, S., & Neyestani, T. R. (2016) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.245 · Cited by 42
Vitamin D Replacement Improves Tear Osmolarity in Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency
Kızılgül, M., Kan, S., Özçelik, Ö., Beysel, S., Apaydın, M., Uçan, B., & Çakal, E. (2017) · Seminars in Ophthalmology · doi:10.1080/08820538.2017.1358752 · Cited by 41
Vitamin D and assisted reproductive treatment outcome: a prospective cohort study
Chu, J., Gallos, I. D., Tobı́as, A., Robinson, L., Kirkman‐Brown, J., Dhillon‐Smith, R. K., Harb, H. M., Eapen, A. K., Rajkhowa, M., & Coomarasamy, A. (2019) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/s12978-019-0769-7 · Cited by 41
Risk factors for low vitamin D status in Korean adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008–2009
Lee, Y. A., Kim, H. Y., Hong, H., Kim, J. Y., Kwon, H. J., Shin, C. H., & Yang, S. W. (2013) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980013000438 · Cited by 40
Relationship of maternal vitamin D level with maternal and infant respiratory disease
Carroll, K. N., Gebretsadik, T. S., Larkin, E. K., Dupont, W. D., Liu, Z., Driest, S. L. V., & Hartert, T. V. (2011) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2011.04.002 · Cited by 40
Vitamin D, Immune Tolerance, and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes
Badenhoop, K. W. J., Kahles, H., & Penna-Martinez, M. (2012) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-012-0322-3 · Cited by 40
Vitamin D levels appear to be normal in Danish patients attending secondary care for low back pain and a weak positive correlation between serum level Vitamin D and Modic changes was demonstrated: a cross-sectional cohort study of consecutive patients with non-specific low back pain
Johansen, J. V., Manniche, C., & Kjær, P. (2013) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-14-78 · Cited by 45
Vitamin D Status and Concomitant Autoimmunity in Celiac Disease
Tavakkoli, A., DiGiacomo, D. V., Green, P. H., & Lebwohl, B. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e318266f81b · Cited by 40
Fortification with vitamin D: Comparative study in the Saudi Arabian and US markets
Sadat‐Ali, M., Elq, A. H. A., Alfarhan, M. F. A., & Sadat, N. (2013) · Journal of Family and Community Medicine · doi:10.4103/2230-8229.108186 · Cited by 40
Hypovitaminosis D and Mild Hypocalcaemia Are Highly Prevalent among Young Vietnamese Children and Women and Related to Low Dietary Intake
Laillou, A., Wieringa, F. T., Tran, T. N., Van, P. T., Le, B. M., Fortin, S., Le, T. H., Moench‐Pfanner, R., & Berger, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063979 · Cited by 41
Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D and 24-Hour Urine Calcium in Patients With Nephrolithiasis
Eisner, B. H., Thavaseelan, S., Sheth, S., Haleblian, G. E., & Pareek, G. (2012) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2012.04.041 · Cited by 40
Vitamin D3 insufficiency and colorectal cancer
Rosa, M. D., Malaguarnera, M., Zanghì, A., Passaniti, A., & Malaguarnera, L. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.07.016 · Cited by 39
Predictors of Serum Vitamin D Levels in African American and European American Men in Chicago
Murphy, A. B., Kelley, B., Nyame, Y. A., Martin, I. K., Smith-Graziani, D. J., Castaneda, L. E., Zagaja, G. J., Hollowell, C. M. P., & Kittles, R. A. (2012) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988312437240 · Cited by 40
Calcium-Sensing Receptor Tumor Expression and Lethal Prostate Cancer Progression
Ahearn, T. U., Tchrakian, N., Wilson, K. M., Lis, R. T., Nuttall, E. J., Sesso, H. D., Loda, M. F., Giovannucci, E. L., Mucci, L. A., Finn, S. P., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1082 · Cited by 40
Changes in plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D during pregnancy: a Brazilian cohort
Figueiredo, A. C. C., Cocate, P. G., Adegboye, A. R. A., Franco‐Sena, A. B., Farias, D. R., de Castro, M. B. T., Alex Brito, O., Allen, L. H., Mokhtar, R., Holick, M. F., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1389-z · Cited by 40
Self-citation
Vitamin D-fortified foods improve wintertime vitamin D status in women of Danish and Pakistani origin living in Denmark: a randomized controlled trial
Grønborg, I. M., Tetens, I., Christensen, T., Andersen, E. W., Jakobsen, J., Kiely, M. E., Cashman, K. D., & Andersen, R. (2019) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-019-01941-6 · Cited by 40
Vitamin D status and attitudes towards sun exposure in South Asian women living in Auckland, New Zealand
von Hurst, P. R., Stonehouse, W., & Coad, J. E. (2009) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980009990838 · Cited by 40
Vitamin D status and common risk factors for bone fragility as determinants of quantitative ultrasound variables in a nationally representative population sample
Kauppi, M., Impivaara, O., Mäki, J., Heliövaara, M., Marniemi, J., Montonen, J., & Jula, A. (2009) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.03.659 · Cited by 40
Vitamin D status and risk for malignant cutaneous melanoma: recent advances
Ombra, M. N., Paliogiannis, P., Doneddu, V., Sini, M. C., Colombino, M., Rozzo, C., Stanganelli, I., Tanda, F., Cossu, A., & Palmieri, G. (2017) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0000000000000334 · Cited by 39
Hypovitaminosis D in widespread pain: its effect on pain perception, quality of life and nerve conduction studies
Bektaşoğlu, P. K., Akyüz, G., Yağcı, İ., & Giray, E. (2014) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-014-3099-7 · Cited by 39
Associations between Organochlorine Pesticides and Vitamin D Deficiency in the U.S. Population
Yang, J.-H., Lee, Y., Bae, S.-G., Jacobs, D. R., & Lee, D. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030093 · Cited by 39
Calcium and Vitamin D in the Regulation of Energy Balance: Where Do We Stand?
Soares, M. J., Pathak, K., & Calton, E. K. (2014) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms15034938 · Cited by 39
Vitamin D Supplementation and Cancer: Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Lazzeroni, M., Serrano, D., Pilz, S., & Gandini, S. (2012) · Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/187152013804487281 · Cited by 40
Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients Referred for Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Salepçi, B. M., Caglayan, B. N., Nahid, P., Parmaksız, E. T., Kıral, N., Fidan, A., Cömert, S. Ş., Doğan, C., & Güngör, G. A. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6554 · Cited by 39
Infant Respiratory Tract Infections or Wheeze and Maternal Vitamin D in Pregnancy
Christensen, N., Søndergaard, J., Fisker, N., & Christesen, H. T. (2016) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000001452 · Cited by 39
The bioavailability of vitamin D3, a model hydrophobic nutraceutical, in casein micelles, as model protein nanoparticles: Human clinical trial results
Cohen, Y., Ish‐Shalom, S., Segal, E., Nudelman, O., Shpigelman, A., & Livney, Y. D. (2017) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.019 · Cited by 39
Higher risk of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency for rural than urban dwellers
Griffin, T. P., Wall, D., Blake, L., Griffin, D. G., Robinson, S. M., Bell, M., Mulkerrin, E. C., & O’Shea, P. M. (2019) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105547 · Cited by 41
Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Adult Patients With Existing Cardiovascular Disease
Dai, L., Liu, M., & Chen, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.740855 · Cited by 40
Vitamin D and Health: Evolution, Biologic Functions, and Recommended Dietary Intakes for Vitamin D
Holick, M. F. (2010) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-303-9_1 · Cited by 39
Self-citation
Development and validation of sunlight exposure measurement questionnaire (SEM-Q) for use in adult population residing in Pakistan
Humayun, Q., Iqbal, R., Azam, I., Khan, A. H., Siddiqui, A. R., & Baig‐Ansari, N. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-421 · Cited by 39
Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency in Obese Children and Adolescents and Its Relationship with Insulin Resistance
Torun, E., Gönüllü, E., Özgen, İ. T., Cindemir, E., & Öktem, F. (2013) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2013/631845 · Cited by 39
Obesity-Associated Vitamin D Deficiency Correlates with Adipose Tissue DNA Hypomethylation, Inflammation, and Vascular Dysfunction
Mirza, I., Mohamed, A., Deen, H., Balaji, S., Elsabbahi, D., Munasser, A., Naquiallah, D., Abdulbaseer, U., Hassan, C., Masrur, M. A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232214377 · Cited by 38
Association between 25-OH Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19 Severity in Pregnant Women
Vásquez-Procopio, J., Torres‐Torres, J., Borboa-Olivares, H. J., y Sosa, S. E., Martinez-Portilla, R. J., Solis‐Paredes, J. M., Tolentino‐Dolores, M., Helguera‐Repetto, A. C., Marrufo-Gallegos, K. C., Missirlis, F., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232315188 · Cited by 38
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Korea: Results from KNHANES 2010 to 2011
Jung, I. K. (2013) · Journal of Nutrition and Health · doi:10.4163/jnh.2013.46.6.540 · Cited by 38
Vitamin D deficiency in infants aged 1 to 6 months
Choi, Y. J., Kim, M. K., & Jeong, S. J. (2013) · Korean Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.3345/kjp.2013.56.4.205 · Cited by 38
Vitamin D, osteocalcin, and risk for adiposity as comorbidities in middle school children
Boucher‐Berry, C., Speiser, P., Carey, D. E., Shelov, S. P., Accacha, S. D., Fennoy, I., Rapaport, R., Espinal, Y., & ROSENBAUM, M. S. (2011) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.550 · Cited by 38
Prevalence of classic signs and symptoms of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in Mongolian children and women
Uush, T. (2012) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.10.014 · Cited by 38
Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Inflammatory Cytokines in Healthy Adults
Sun, X., Cao, Z., Zhang, Y., Ishimi, Y., Tabata, I., & Higuchi, M. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6010221 · Cited by 38
Nutritional Rickets among Children in a Sun Rich Country
Bener, A., & Hoffmann, G. F. (2010) · International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2010/410502 · Cited by 38
Superiority of a High Loading Dose of Cholecalciferol to Correct Hypovitaminosis D in Patients with Inflammatory/Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Sainaghi, P. P., Bellan, M., Nerviani, A., Sola, D., Molinari, R., Cerutti, C., & Pirisi, M. (2012) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.120536 · Cited by 38
A systematic review of the interrelation between diet- and surgery-induced weight loss and vitamin D status
Himbert, C., Ose, J., Delphan, M., & Ulrich, C. M. (2016) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2016.12.004 · Cited by 40
Comparison of narrowband ultraviolet B exposure and oral vitamin D substitution on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration
Ala-Houhala, M. J., Vähävihu, K., Hasan, T., Kautiainen, H., Ylianttila, L., Viljakainen, H. T., Snellman, E., & Reunala, T. L. (2012) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10990.x · Cited by 38
Vitamin D content of food and its contribution to vitamin D status: a brief overview and Australian focus
Liu, J. (2012) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/c2pp25150g · Cited by 39
Vitamin D status in psoriasis patients during different treatments with phototherapy
Osmančević, A., Landin‐Wilhelmsen, K., Larkö, O., & Krogstad, A. (2010) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.05.008 · Cited by 38
Hypovitaminosis D in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Prevalence and Treatment
Cuppari, L., & Garcia-Lopes, M. G. (2009) · Journal of Renal Nutrition · doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2008.10.005 · Cited by 38
Pathophysiology and Evolutionary Aspects of Dietary Fats and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids across the Life Cycle
Muskiet, F. A. J. (2009) · Frontiers in neuroscience · doi:10.1201/9781420067767-c2 · Cited by 39
Machine learning-based prediction of vitamin D deficiency: NHANES 2001-2018
Guo, J., He, Q., & Li, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1327058 · Cited by 43
Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Extraskeletal Complications: Predictor of Health Outcome or Marker of Health Status?
Guessous, I. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/563403 · Cited by 37
Composition of nutrients, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and microbiological quality in processed small indigenous fish species from Ghana: Implications for food security
Hasselberg, A. E., Wessels, L., Aakre, I., Reich, F., Atter, A., Steiner‐Asiedu, M., Amponsah, S. K. K., Pucher, J., & Kjellevold, M. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0242086 · Cited by 37
Knowledge and attitudes about vitamin D and sunlight exposure in premenopausal women living in Jeddah, and their relationship with serum vitamin D levels
Zareef, T. A., & Jackson, R. T. (2021) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-021-00263-w · Cited by 37
Preparation, modelling, characterization and release profile of vitamin D3 nanoemulsion
Jan, Y., Al‐Keridis, L. A., Malik, M., Haq, A., Ahmad, S., Kaur, J., Adnan, M., Alshammari, N., Ashraf, S. A., & Panda, B. P. (2022) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113980 · Cited by 37
Possible causes of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in Pakistani population residing in Pakistan.
Iqbal, R., & Khan, A. H. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 37
Dietary calcium intake influences the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) concentration and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration
Patel, P. P., Zulf Mughal, M., Patel, P., Yagnik, B., Kajale, N., Mandlik, R., Khadilkar, Chiplonkar, S. A., Phanse, S., Patwardhan, V., et al. (2015) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-308985 · Cited by 36
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease
Temmerman, J. C. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719956 · Cited by 35
Serum Vitamin D in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Does Not Correlate with Mortality – Results from a 10-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Holmgaard, D. B., Mygind, L. H., Titlestad, I. L., Madsen, H., Fruekilde, P. B. N., Pedersen, S. S., & Pedersen, C. D. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053670 · Cited by 37

Authors: Holick, M. F., & Chen, T. C.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
Corresponding author: Holick, Michael F
ORCID: Holick, Michael F
Chen, Tai C
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-04
Volume: 87
Issue: 4
Pages: 1080S-1086S
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.4.1080s
OpenAlex: W2163507707
Cited by: 2,689
References: 104
Citations by year: 2026: 55 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 144 · 2022: 177 · 2021: 189 · 2020: 186 · 2019: 197 · 2018: 177 · 2017: 205 · 2016: 181 · 2015: 182 · 2014: 143 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 129
FWCI: 84.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 5445 d)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Keywords: vitamin D deficiency, sun exposure, vitamin D fortification, rickets, osteoporosis, osteopenia, fracture, cancer risk, autoimmune disease, hypertension, infectious diseases, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D3, vitamin D2, vitamin D intake
MeSH terms: Autoimmune Diseases, Bone and Bones, Cardiovascular Diseases, Food, Fortified, Humans, Neoplasms, Nutritional Requirements, Rickets, Sunlight, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Global Health, Bone Density, Bone Density Conservation Agents

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks