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Positive energy balance is associated with accelerated muscle atrophy and increased erythrocyte glutathione turnover during 5 wk of bed rest
Open accessAbstract
Background Physical inactivity is often associated with positive energy balance and fat gain.Objective We aimed to assess whether energy intake in excess of requirement activates systemic inflammation and antioxidant defenses and accelerates muscle atrophy induced by inactivity.Design Nineteen healthy male volunteers were studied before and at the end of 5 wk of bed rest. Subjects were allowed to spontaneously adapt to decreased energy requirement (study A, n = 10) or were provided with an activity-matched diet (study B, n = 9). Groups with higher (HEB) or lower (LEB) energy balance were identified according to median values of inactivity-induced changes in fat mass (DeltaFM, assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis).Results In pooled subjects (n = 19; median DeltaFM: 1.4 kg), bed rest-mediated decreases in fat-free mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis) and vastus lateralis thickness (ultrasound imaging) were significantly greater (P < 0.03) in HEB(AB) (-3.8 +/- 0.4 kg and -0.32 +/- 0.04 cm, respectively) than in LEB(AB) (-2.3 +/- 0.5 kg and -0.09 +/- 0.04 cm, respectively) subjects. In study A (median DeltaFM: 1.8 kg), bed rest-mediated increases in plasma leptin, C-reactive protein, and myeloperoxidase were greater (P < 0.04) in HEB(A) than in LEB(A) subjects. Bed rest-mediated changes of glutathione synthesis rate in eythrocytes (l-[3,3-(2)H(2)]cysteine incorporation) were greater (P = 0.03) in HEB(A) (from 70 +/- 19 to 164 +/- 29%/d) than in LEB(A) (from 103 +/- 23 to 84 +/- 27%/d) subjects.Conclusions Positive energy balance during inactivity is associated with greater muscle atrophy and with activation of systemic inflammation and of antioxidant defenses. Optimizing caloric intake may be a useful strategy for mitigating muscle loss during period of chronic inactivity.
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“Evidence supports the combination of exercise and protein/amino acid supplementation for prevention and treatment of muscle loss in certain debilitating clinical conditions, including bed rest for acute critical illness or injury 153e160 and also for chronic diseases, such as COPD 161e165 and congestive heart failure (CHF).99,163,166”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [154]
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“These findings are congruent with existing literature using a bedrest model in which the authors found a significant mediating effect of bed rest on increases in systemic inflammation following 35 d of inactivity (39).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Biolo, G., Agostini, F., Simunic, B., Sturma, M., Torelli, L., Preiser, J. C., Deby-Dupont, G., Magni, P., Strollo, F., di Prampero, P., Guarnieri, G., Mekjavic, I. B., Pišot, R., & Narici, M. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Primorska (SI)
- Corresponding author
- Biolo, Gianni
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 950-958
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2166318177
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 4.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- positive energy balance, muscle atrophy, bed rest, physical inactivity, fat-free mass loss, antioxidant defense, systemic inflammation, leptin, C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, fat gain, energy intake, cysteine incorporation
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Bed Rest, Body Composition, C-Reactive Protein, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Erythrocytes, Glutathione, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Muscular Atrophy, Nutritional Requirements, Oxidation-Reduction, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Weight Gain, Electric Impedance, Oxidative Stress, Leptin, Lipid Metabolism
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