The adipocyte as an active participant in energy balance and metabolism
Abstract
Obesity is responsible for the mounting incidence of metabolic disease in adult and pediatric populations. Understanding of the pathogenesis and maintenance of the obese state has advanced rapidly over the past 10 years. Bodily energy reserves are managed actively by complex systems that regulate food intake, substrate partitioning, and energy expenditure. An underlying assumption that circulating factors released from storage organs were able to signal bodily energy reserves was confirmed with the discovery of the leptin system. This proof of concept has spurred on the discovery of a multitude of other adipocyte-generated factors. These circulating factors signal to the brain and other organs of metabolic importance, including adipose tissue, liver, muscle, and the immune system. Adipose-derived factors have numerous implications for the basic biology of obesity and provide prospective targets for the amelioration of obesity and its adverse metabolic consequences. In this review we detail the current understanding of leptin as a prototypical adipose tissue-derived hormone related to appetite and obesity. We also describe other important adipose-derived factors in relation to their metabolic effect.
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The basic formulation of the EBM essentially disregards knowledge about the biological influences on fat storage.
“By focusing on energy balance—characteristically through conscious control, as highlighted in Supplemental Table 1—the basic formulation of the EBM essentially disregards knowledge about the biological influences on fat storage (24, 25).”
From The carbohydrate-insulin model: A physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Badman, M. K., & Flier, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flier, Jeffrey S.
- ORCID
- Flier, Jeffrey S.
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2103-2115
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2161508215
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 142
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (DKR37 28082)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- adipocytes, obesity, energy balance, leptin, appetite regulation, energy expenditure, substrate partitioning, food intake regulation, metabolic disorders, adipokines, hormone signaling
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Obesity, Signal Transduction, Adipocytes, Leptin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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