Inflammatory markers and loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and strength
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate whether high levels of serum interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) were associated with the loss of muscle strength or muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons. Subjects The study included 986 men and women of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, with a mean age of 74.6 years (standard deviation 6.2). Methods Grip strength (n = 986) and appendicular muscle mass (n = 328, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) were obtained in 1995 and 1996 and repeated after a 3-year follow-up. Loss of muscle strength was defined as a loss of grip strength greater than 40%, and sarcopenia was defined as a loss of muscle mass greater than 3%, approximating the lowest 15% of the study sample. Results Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses revealed that higher levels of IL-6 were associated with greater decline in muscle strength, which decreased by -3.21 kg (standard error 0.81) per standard deviation increase in log-transformed IL-6. After adjustment for confounders, including sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors, high IL-6 (>5 pg/mL) and high CRP (>6.1 mug/mL) were associated with a 2 to 3-fold greater risk of losing greater than 40% of muscle strength. Persons with high levels of ACT (>181% of the normal human pooled plasma) were 40% less likely to experience loss of muscle strength and tended (P = .07) to have a smaller decline in muscle mass compared with those in the…
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Inflammation accompanies anorexia and breakdown of muscle and fat, possibly contributing to poor nutrition, weakness and weight loss seen in frailty.
“Inflammation is associated with anorexia and catabolism of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, which may contribute to the nutritional compromise, muscle weakness and weight loss that characterise frailty (41, 61, 62).”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [62]
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- Authors
- Schaap, L. A., Pluijm, S. M. F., Deeg, D. J. H., & Visser, M.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 526.e9-526.e17
- ISSN
- 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2171267283
- Cited by
- 1,047
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 17.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, muscle strength decline, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, inflammatory markers, grip strength, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, older adults, aging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin, C-Reactive Protein, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Inflammation, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Muscular Atrophy, Prospective Studies, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Muscle, Skeletal, Hand Strength, Muscle Weakness
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