Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and child cognition and behavior at 4 and 7 years of age
Abstract
Although caffeine is commonly consumed during pregnancy, there are few reports on the association of in utero caffeine exposure with offspring cognition or behavior during childhood. We evaluated the association of maternal serum paraxanthine, caffeine's primary metabolite, at <20 and ≥26 weeks' gestation with the child's intelligence quotient (IQ) and problem behaviors at ages 4 and 7 years among 2,197 mother-child pairs. The mothers were controls from a case-control study of caffeine metabolites and spontaneous abortion that was nested within the Collaborative Perinatal Project (multiple US sites, 1959-1974). Associations of paraxanthine (adjusted for maternal age, race, education, smoking, prepregnancy weight, gestational age at blood draw, and child sex) with mean IQ were assessed by linear regression and associations with problem behaviors by logistic regression. Paraxanthine concentration at ≥26 weeks' gestation manifested an inverted-J-shaped association with child's IQ at age 7 years, with a peak difference (vs. undetectable) of 0.65 points at 750 µg/L (66th percentile) and a decrement thereafter. Paraxanthine at <20 weeks was linearly associated with internalizing behavior at age 4 years (for a 500-µg/L increase, odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.5). None of the remaining 12 associations approached statistical significance. We conclude that over a range of values applicable to most pregnant women, there was no meaningful association of serum paraxanthine level with childhood IQ or problem behaviors.
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A study by Klebanoff and Keim using 2,197 mother-child dyads found no meaningful relationship between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and a range of behavioral and cognitive measures in children 4-7 years old.
“This study found no meaningful relationship between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and a range of behavioral and cognitive measures in children 4–7 years old.”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [152]
A study by Klebanoff and Keim found no relationships between maternal caffeine consumption and childhood obesity.
“a study by Klebanoff and Keim found no relationships between maternal caffeine consumption and childhood obesity (152, 153).”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [152]
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The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review
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- Authors
- Klebanoff, M. A., & Keim, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Klebanoff, Mark A.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-11-18
- Volume
- 182
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1023-1032
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2212894101
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 2.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ohio State University
- Nationwide Children's Hospital
- Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Keywords
- maternal caffeine intake, paraxanthine, caffeine metabolites, internalizing problems, child cognitive development, prenatal exposure, Collaborative Perinatal Project
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Caffeine, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Coffee, Cognition, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Theophylline, Young Adult
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