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Cited by 17Coffee research and impactsBirth, Development, and HealthPrenatal Substance Exposure Effects

Maternal serum paraxanthine during pregnancy and offspring body mass index at ages 4 and 7 years

Klebanoff, Mark A., Keim, Sarah A.·2015·Epidemiology
DOI 10.1097/ede.0000000000000220
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Obesity affects 18% of U.S. children. In a recent report, maternal consumption of ≥150 mg of caffeine per day during pregnancy was associated with increased odds for obesity in the offspring (odds ratio = 2.1 [95% confidence interval = 1.2-3.5]). If this association was causal, a considerable fraction of childhood obesity might be prevented by reduction of caffeine intake in pregnancy. METHODS: We studied 1986 mother-child pairs who were controls from a case-control study of caffeine metabolites and spontaneous abortion nested within the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Women were pregnant during 1959-1966, and children were followed with visits at 48 and/or 84 months of age, when height and weight were measured according to a standardized protocol. Serum was drawn at <20 and ≥26 weeks' gestation and assayed for paraxanthine (caffeine's primary metabolite) by high-performance liquid chromatography. Relative risks of obesity (body mass index ≥95th percentile for age and sex) were estimated by log-binomial or Poisson regression and adjusted for maternal age, race, education, smoking, prepregnant weight, diabetes in pregnancy, and gestational age at blood draw. RESULTS: Obesity prevalence was 11.7% at 48 months and 6.5% at 84 months. Associations of maternal serum paraxanthine and child obesity were nonlinear, and adjustment reduced the magnitude of all associations. The maximum relative risk (approximately 1.4) was for the association of paraxanthine drawn at <20 weeks with obesity at ages 48 and 84 months. CONCLUSION: This study does not support an increased risk of childhood obesity with increasing maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy.

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  • A study by Klebanoff and Keim found no relationships between maternal caffeine consumption and childhood obesity.

    “a study by Klebanoff and Keim found no relationships between maternal caffeine consumption and childhood obesity (152, 153).”

    From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [153]

  • A study by Klebanoff and Keim using 2,197 mother-child dyads found no meaningful relationship between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and a range of behavioral and cognitive measures in children 4-7 years old.

    “This study found no meaningful relationship between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and a range of behavioral and cognitive measures in children 4–7 years old.”

    From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [153]

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Authors
Klebanoff, M. A., & Keim, S. A.
Affiliations
  • Nationwide Children's Hospital (US)
  • Abigail Wexner Research Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Klebanoff, Mark A.
ORCID
Venue
Epidemiology
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2015-03
Volume
26
Issue
2
Pages
185-191
ISSN
1044-3983 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/ede.0000000000000220
OpenAlex
W1973678947
Cited by
17
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
FWCI
1.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Keywords
maternal caffeine consumption, paraxanthine, caffeine metabolites, childhood obesity, body mass index, maternal serum biomarkers, prenatal exposure, Collaborative Perinatal Project, offspring obesity risk
MeSH terms
Adult, Caffeine, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Maternal Behavior, Obesity, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Theophylline, Biomarkers, Body Mass Index, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies

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