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Rotating Night-Shift Work and the Risk of Breast Cancer in the Nurses' Health Studies
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In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer declared shift work that involved circadian disruption to be a "probable" carcinogen (group 2A), noting that human evidence was limited. Using data from 2 prospective cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study (1988-2012; n = 78,516) and Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2013; n = 114,559), we examined associations between rotating night-shift work and breast cancer risk. In the 2 cohorts, there were a total of 9,541 incident invasive breast malignancies and 24 years of follow-up. In the Nurses' Health Study, women with 30 years or more of shift work did not have a higher risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.77, 1.17; P for trend = 0.63) compared with those who never did shift work, although follow-up occurred primarily after retirement from shift work. Among participants in the Nurses' Health Study II, who were younger than participants in the other cohort, the risk of breast cancer was significantly higher in women with 20 years or more of shift work at baseline, reflecting young-adult exposure (HR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.73; P for trend = 0.23), and was marginally significantly higher for women with 20 years or more of cumulative shift work when we used updated exposure information (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.97; P for trend = 0.74). In conclusion, long-term rotating night-shift work was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer, particularly among women who performed shift work during young adulthood. Further studies should explore the role of shift work timing on breast cancer risk.
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“Shift work is an independent risk factor for many chronic conditions, including heart disease (133-136), perhaps due to recurring disruptions of the circadian clock itself (e.g., light exposure at unusual circadian phases), or perhaps due to misalignment between the circadian clock and the behaviors (e.g., sleeping and fasting during the day, and being active and eating across the night).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wegrzyn, L. R., Tamimi, R. M., Rosner, B. A., Brown, S. B., Stevens, R. G., Eliassen, A. H., Laden, F., Willett, W. C., Hankinson, S. E., & Schernhammer, E. S.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schernhammer, Eva S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-08-03
- Volume
- 186
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 532-540
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- PMC
- PMC5856106
- OpenAlex
- W2619017063
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 10
- FWCI
- 38.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UM1CA186107, UM1CA176726, R25CA098566)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (R01OH009803)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- rotating night shift work, breast cancer risk, shift work, circadian rhythm disruption, nurses
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Breast Neoplasms, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Nurses, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, United States, Work Schedule Tolerance, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models
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