Cited by 345Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesAlcohol Consumption and Health EffectsPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

ALCOHOL USE AMONG SWEDES AND A PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS IDENTIFICATION TEST

Bergman, H.·2002·Alcohol and Alcoholism

DOI 10.1093/alcalc/37.3.245

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was completed by 997 persons randomly selected from the general Swedish population (80% response rate). Eighteen per cent of the men and 5% of the women had hazardous or harmful alcohol use according to the > or =8 score criterion. AUDIT scores decreased with increasing age in both genders. Women are more sensitive to alcohol than men and when the cut-off score was set to > or =6, the female prevalence of hazardous or harmful alcohol use increased to nearly 11%. The 'binge drinking' question explained half of the total AUDIT variance and is thus the best item indicator of hazardous or harmful alcohol use in the test. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses revealed two AUDIT basic factors, the first three items defining a 'hazardous consumption' factor and the other seven items an 'alcohol-related problems' factor. Both the internal and test- retest reliability of the Swedish version of AUDIT were satisfactory. A table for converting raw scores to non-normalized T-scores for each combination of gender and three age intervals is presented.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/alcalc/37.3.245

Cites

36 of 36 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption‐II
SAUNDERS, J. B., AASLAND, O. G., BABOR, T. F., DE LA FUENTE, J. R., & GRANT, M. (1993) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x · Cited by 13,597
Statistical Methods for Psychology.
Gudgeon, A. C., & Howell, D. C. (1994) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2348956 · Cited by 8,277
Untitled work
(1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,690
The AUDIT Alcohol Consumption Questions (AUDIT-C)<subtitle>An Effective Brief Screening Test for Problem Drinking</subtitle>
Bush, K. (1998) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.158.16.1789 · Cited by 6,196
The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test: The Quest for a New Diagnostic Instrument
Selzer, M. L. (1971) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.127.12.1653 · Cited by 3,431
THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(1911) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1911.04260070032017 · Cited by 3,355
Detecting Alcoholism: The CAGE Questionnaire
Ewing, J. A. (1984) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350140051025 · Cited by 3,005
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
(2010) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/(issn)1530-0277 · Cited by 1,830
A review of research on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).
Allen, J., Litten, R., Fertig, J., & Babor, T. (1997) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03811.x · Cited by 1,016

Show all 34 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Allen, J. P., Columbus, M. and Fertig, J. B. (1995) Assessment in alcoholism treatment: an overview. In National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment Handbook Series 4, Allen, J. P. and Columbus, M. eds, pp. 1-9. US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD.
Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R. and McDonald, B. P. (1988) Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Bulletin 103, 391-410.

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 345

Evaluation of an alcohol risk reduction program (PRIME for Life) in young Swedish military conscripts
Hallgren, M. Å., Källmén, H., Leifman, H., Sjölund, T., & Andréasson, S. (2009) · Health Education · doi:10.1108/09654280910936602 · Cited by 11
“Introduction Alcohol consumption and related harm including alcohol related deaths, are consistently higher amongst adolescence and young adults, and have risen since the early 1990’s in Sweden (Bergman and Källmén, 2002).”
Background
Risky Drinking of Alcohol in Sweden: A Randomized Population Survey Comparing Web- and Paper-based Self-reports
Källmén, H., Sinadinovic, K., Berman, A. H., & Wennberg, P. (2011) · Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.2478/v10199-011-0013-4 · Cited by 11
Intervention for hazardous alcohol use and high level of stress in university freshmen
Andersson, C. R., Johnsson, K., Berglund, M., & Öjehagen, A. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.030 · Cited by 11
“In the psychometric evaluation of the Swedish translation of the instrument, the Cronbach alpha coefficient of the total AUDIT score has been calculated to 0.82 (Bergman and Källmen, 2002), and in this study this internal consistency score was 0.80.”
Influential
Alcohol abstinence, non-hazardous use and hazardous use a decade after alcohol-related hospitalization: registry data linked to population-based representative postal surveys
Ahačić, K., Kennison, R. F., & Kåreholt, I. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-874 · Cited by 11
“Hazardous use in the PNSW is defined as alcohol consumption in excess of 14 (men), or of 9 (women), normal glasses (equivalent to 12 g of pure alcohol) per week (which corresponds to scores of 8+ for men and 6+ for women in AUDIT-C) [22].”
Background
Diet quality, nutrient intakes and biochemical status of New Zealand women of childbearing age according to alcohol consumption patterns
Parackal, S. M., Smith, C. P., & Skidmore, P. M. L. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980019003781 · Cited by 10
“Currently in New Zealand (NZ), 77–83 % of women aged 18–44 years drink alcohol with 19–36 % drinking at hazardous levels(21); that is, having a score of 6 or higher on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scale(22).”
Background
Alcohol Problems and Blood Alcohol Concentration among Swedish Drivers Suspected of Driving under the Influence
Bergman, H., Hubicka, B., & Laurell, H. (2005) · Contemporary Drug Problems · doi:10.1177/009145090503200304 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
ASSESSING HEALTH PROBLEMS Self-reported illness, mental distress, and alcohol problems in a rural district in Vietnam
Giang, K. B. (2006) · Figshare · Cited by 10
Mobile Phone Apps for University Students With Hazardous Alcohol Use: Study Protocol for Two Consecutive Randomized Controlled Trials
Berman, A. H., Gajecki, M., Fredriksson, M., Sinadinovic, K., & Andersson, C. R. (2015) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.4894 · Cited by 9
“The Swedish version was translated and disseminated by researchers at Karolinska Institutet [43].”
Changes in alcohol consumption after treatment for depression: a secondary analysis of the Swedish randomised controlled study REGASSA
Strid, C., Hallgren, M. Å., Forsell, Y., Kraepelien, M., & Öjehagen, A. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028236 · Cited by 9
Dialectical behavior therapy-skills system for cognitively challenged individuals with self-harm: a Swedish pilot study
Rosendahl-Santillo, A., Lantto, R., Nylander, L., Thylander, C., Schultz, P., Brown, J. F., Wallinius, M., & Westling, S. (2021) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2021.1965825 · Cited by 9
Striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability as a predictor of subsequent alcohol use in social drinkers
Jangard, S., Jayaram‐Lindström, N., Isacsson, N. H., Matheson, G. J., Plavén‐Sigray, P., Franck, J., Borg, J., Farde, L., & Červenka, S. (2023) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16144 · Cited by 11
The Relationship Between Violent Fantasy and Alcohol Misuse in Aggressive Behaviours
Watt, B. D., Kohphet, A., Oberin, D., & Keating, S. (2013) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12011 · Cited by 12
Validity of Alcohol Screening Instruments in General Population Gender Studies: An Analytical Review
Oliveira, J. D. M., Kerr-Corrêa, F., Lima, M. C. P., Bertolote, J. M., & Santos, J. L. F. (2014) · Current Drug Abuse Reviews · doi:10.2174/1874473707666141015214708 · Cited by 9
Changing arenas of underage adolescent binge drinking in Swedish small towns
Ander, B., Abrahamsson, A., & Gerdner, A. (2015) · Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.1515/nsad-2015-0041 · Cited by 9
“This is about twice the limit of “binging” according to the AUDIT Manual (Bergman & Källmén, 2002).”
Method
Automated Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex Measurements Reveal Normal Reflex Thresholds and Augmented Pain Ratings in Patients with Fibromyalgia
Ydrefors, J., Karlsson, T., Olausson, U. W., Ghafouri, B., Johansson, A., Olausson, H., Gerdle, B. U. C., & Nagi, S. S. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9061992 · Cited by 9
“Other exclusion criteria were MRI incompatibility (metal in the body, claustrophobia); pregnancy; difficulty understanding Swedish; metabolic disease, including unregulated thyroid disease; severe psychiatric condition; malignancy; cardiovascular disease; lung disease; and hazardous or harmful alcohol use (≥6 Alcohol…”
Background
Mental health in individuals with self-reported psychiatric symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: Baseline data from a swedish longitudinal cohort study
Rozental, A., Sörman, K., Ojala, O., Jangard, S., Alaoui, S. E., Månsson, K. N. T., Shahnavaz, S., Lundin, J., Forsström, D., Hedman‐Lagerlöf, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933858 · Cited by 9
“Healthy norm data were derived from Bergman and Källmén (34).”
Method
Maximizing the use of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as a two-step screening tool
Paulus, D. J., Rogers, A. H., Capron, D. W., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107521 · Cited by 11
Pilot study of the prevalence of alcohol, substance use and mental disorders in a cohort of I raqi, A fghani, and I ranian refugees in V ancouver
Miremadi, S., Ganesan, S., & McKenna, M. M. (2011) · Asia-Pacific Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1758-5872.2011.00136.x · Cited by 9
“The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a 10-item questionnaire used to identify harmful use of ethanol alchohol (ETOH) with a score range of 0–40 (Bergman & Kallmen, 2002).”
BackgroundMethod
Reducing Risky Alcohol Use via Smartphone App Skills Training Among Adult Internet Help-Seekers: A Randomized Pilot Trial
Berman, A. H., Molander, O., Tahir, M. A., Törnblom, P., Gajecki, M., Sinadinovic, K., & Andersson, C. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00434 · Cited by 9
Adolescent Sexual Offending
Burkhart, B. R., & Cook, P. K. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09757-2_56 · Cited by 9
REDUCING ALCOHOL-RELATED HARM IN THE WORKPLACE A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SCREENING AND BRIEF INTERVENTIONS FOR HAZARDOUS DRINKERS
Godfrey, C. (2009) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · Cited by 8
Alcohol use in Hefei in relation to alcoholic liver disease: A multivariate logistic regression analysis
Huang, C. Z., Lv, X., Xu, T., Ni, M.-M., Xia, J., Cai, S.-P., Zhou, Q. Y., Li, X., Yang, Y., Zhang, L., et al. (2017) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.08.001 · Cited by 8
Violence in adulthood amplifies the health correlates of childhood maltreatment
Pettersson, R., Strandh, M., & Lucas, S. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22469-x · Cited by 8
“Current physical and psychological health was assessed using previously validated instruments [25–28], as well as by self-report (Table 1).”
Breath Alcohol Estimation Training: Behavioral Effects and Predictors of Success
Aston, E. R., Neiberg, R. H., & Liguori, A. (2013) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agt047 · Cited by 7
“A score above 15 (Bergman and Källmén, 2002) on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT; Babor et al., 2001) resulted in exclusion from participation.”
Using self-report inventories to assess recidivism risk among prisoners about to be released on parole supervision in Sweden
Vasiljevic, Z., Öjehagen, A., & Andersson, C. R. (2017) · Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention · doi:10.1080/14043858.2017.1386441 · Cited by 7
“The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to measure hazardous alcohol use and probable alcohol dependency (Bergman & Källmén, 2002).”
Method
Using alcohol consumption diary data from an internet intervention for outcome and predictive modeling: a validation and machine learning study
Lindner, P., Johansson, M., Gajecki, M., & Berman, A. H. (2020) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-020-00995-z · Cited by 7
Alcohol intake in relation to suicidal ideation and behavior among university students
Coryell, W. H., Horwitz, A. G., Albucher, R. C., Zheng, K., Pistorello, J., Eisenberg, D., Favorite, T., & King, C. A. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1950160 · Cited by 7
The association between child maltreatment and problematic alcohol use in adulthood in a large multi-ethnic cohort: the HELIUS study
de Waal, M. M., Lok, A., van Zuiden, M., Galenkamp, H., & Goudriaan, A. E. (2022) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796022000695 · Cited by 7
Symptoms of epilepsy and organic brain dysfunctions in patients with acute, brief depression combined with other fluctuating psychiatric symptoms: a controlled study from an acute psychiatric department
Vaaler, A. E., Morken, G., Linaker, O. M., Sand, T., Kvistad, K. A., & Bråthen, G. (2009) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-9-63 · Cited by 7
Outcome of psychological treatment of patients with substance use disorders in routine care
Gidhagen, Y., Philips, B., & Holmqvist, R. (2016) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2016.1200149 · Cited by 7
“The Swedish version has been found to have good test–retest reliability (Bergman & Källmén, 2002).”
Background
Risky consumption of alcohol and drugs among employees at ski resorts
Warne, M. C., Sinadinovic, K., Berman, A. H., Källmén, H., & Vinberg, S. (2017) · Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.1177/1455072517707879 · Cited by 8
“The 2014 sample size was equivalent to the number of participants in previous AUDIT investigations (Bergman & Källmén, 2002; Källmén, Wennberg, Berman, & Bergman, 2007; Källmén, Wennberg, Leifman, Bergman, & Berman, 2011; Källmén et al., 2015).”
MethodResult
Alcohol Problems among Swedish Drunk Drivers: Differences Related to Mode of Detection and Geographical Region
Hubicka, B., Bergman, H., & Laurell, H. (2007) · Traffic Injury Prevention · doi:10.1080/15389580701426322 · Cited by 7
“Swedish women in the general population scored significantly higher on AUDIT in 2001 than just a few years earlier and probably appear increasingly in the Swedish DUI population (Bergman and Källmén, 2002).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Estudo de validação de instrumentos de rastreamento para transtornos depressivos, abuso e dependência de álcool e tabaco
Gaya, C. D. M. (2011) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2011.tde-26092011-144558 · Cited by 7
Automated telephone interventions for problematic alcohol use in clinical and population samples: a randomized controlled trial
Andersson, C. R., Gajecki, M., Öjehagen, A., & Berman, A. H. (2017) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2955-4 · Cited by 6
“The cut-off used for hazardous drinking was ≥ 6 for women and ≥ 8 for men [38].”
Influential
Dental hygienists and dentists as providers of brush biopsies for oral mucosa screening
Edman, K., Stark, C. R., Basic, V., Lindblad, J., & Hirsch, J. (2023) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12713 · Cited by 6
The national alcohol helpline in Sweden: an evaluation of its first year
Ahačić, K., Nederfeldt, L., & Helgason, Á. R. (2014) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/1747-597x-9-28 · Cited by 7
“Customary cut-offs for hazardous use in Sweden are 8 points for men, and 6 for women [50], but alternative cut-offs have been recommended to differentiate between individuals in populations with a high use of alcohol [33,47].”
BackgroundMethod
Alcohol and illicit and non-medical prescription drug use before and during pregnancy in Stockholm, Sweden: A cross-sectional study
Persson, A., Lindmark, S., Petersson, K., Gabriel, E. E., Thorsell, M., Lindström, K., Göransson, M., Cardell, G., & Magnusson, Å. (2021) · Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2021.100622 · Cited by 6
Alcohol consumption and motivation to reduce drinking among emergency care patients in Sweden
Trinks, A., Festin, K., Bendtsen, P., & Nilsén, P. (2009) · International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion · doi:10.1080/17457300903024087 · Cited by 6
“The cut-off for hazardous level is widely applied by the Swedish National Institute of Public Health (Bergman & Källmén, 2002).”
Method
Substance Use and Violence : Influence of Alcohol, Illicit Drugs and Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on Violent Crime and Self-directed Violence
Lundholm, L. (2013) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 6
Suicidality and Alcohol Use as Predictors of Future Suicidal Behavior in College Students
Coryell, W. H., Horwitz, A. G., Albucher, R. C., Zheng, K., Pistorello, J., Eisenberg, D., Favorite, T., & King, C. A. (2022) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agac037 · Cited by 5
Validation of the Swedish version of the safe environment for every kid (SEEK) parent screening questionnaire
Engström, M., Lindqvist, S., Janson, S., Feldman, I., Dubowitz, H., & Lucas, S. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16792-4 · Cited by 5
“…(typical quantity and frequency of drinking and heavy drinking), dependence symptoms (impaired control over drinking, increased salience of drinking and morning drinking), and harmful alcohol use (guilt after drinking, blackouts, alcohol-related injuries, and others concerned about drinking) [40].”
BackgroundResult
O consumo de álcool em universitários: Fidedignidade e sensibilidade de uma escala de medida
Formiga, N. S. (2013) · Estudos Interdisciplinares em Psicologia · doi:10.5433/2236-6407.2013v4n2p130 · Cited by 5
Associations between Risk Factors in Late Adolescence and Problem Behaviors in Young Adulthood: A Six-Year Follow-Up of Substance Related and Behavioral Addictions in Swedish High School Seniors
Andersson, C. R., & Håkansson, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182312766 · Cited by 5
“In the Swedish validation study [34], the alpha score was 0.”
Background
Screening Test for At-Risk Drinking: Development of New Abbreviated Version of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test for Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Lee, J. H., Jung, K. Y., & Choi, Y. H. (2018) · Emergency Medicine International · doi:10.1155/2018/2306587 · Cited by 5
Hazardous, harmful and dependent alcohol users according to audit in an urban slum, Meerut
Katyal, R., Bansal, R., Goel, K., & Sharma, S. K. (2012) · International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health · doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2013.2.26-30 · Cited by 5
Gut microbiota associates with frailty in older women
Geraldi, M. V., Dwibedi, C. K., Jaiswal, R., Gregori, G., Zhou, X., Lv, B., Zheng, Y., Wang, X., Wu, H., Axelsson, K. F., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-75176-5 · Cited by 4
Intoxicated Perpetrators of Sexual Assault & Rape Know What They are Doing Despite Intoxication: What the Literature Has to Say
Johnson, S. A. (2017) · Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation · doi:10.19080/jfsci.2017.01.555570 · Cited by 4
“Women demonstrate memory deficits with lower amounts of alcohol than men [90-92].”
Background
Impact of Users' Attitudes Toward Anonymous Internet Interventions for Cannabis vs. Alcohol Use: A Secondary Analysis of Data From Two Clinical Trials
Romero, D., Johansson, M., Hermansson, U., & Lindner, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.730153 · Cited by 5
“Secondary outcome measures included past-week binge-drinking (the original count response format was dichotomized in this study due to severe overdispersion: φ = 2.367), the Swedish 10-item version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (43), past-week consumption of cannabis in gram, and the Swedish 12-item…”
MethodInfluential
Risky Alcohol Use and Comorbidity in a Swedish Adolescent Emergency Psychiatric Inpatient Population
Eberhard, S., Rask, O., Höglund, P., Råstam, M., & Johansson, B. A. (2021) · Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1155/2021/5514144 · Cited by 4
“AUDIT has been translated into Swedish and validated with satisfactory internal and test-retest reliability [21].”
Method
Alcohol Use among Swedish Patients with Stress-Induced Exhaustion Disorder, and Its Relation to Anxiety, Depression, and Health-Related Quality of Life
Grossi, G., Jeding, K., Söderström, M., Perski, A., Alföldi, P., & Osika, W. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00507-0 · Cited by 4
Hazardous alcohol consumption and problem drinking in Norwegian and Russian women and men: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016 and the Know Your Heart study 2015–2018
Hopstock, L. A., Kudryavtsev, A. V., Malyutina, S. K., & Cook, S. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948211063656 · Cited by 4
“It is designed to measure three domains of alcohol use: alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence and alcohol-related harm, but data from several populations, including Russia [14, 15], supports in reality a two-factor structure: alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems [16–18].”
Background
Exploring gender dysphoria and related outcomes in a prospective cohort study: protocol for the Swedish Gender Dysphoria Study (SKDS)
Özel, F., Indremo, M., Karamanis, G., Elofsson, U. O. E., Beckman, U., Fazekas, A., Frisén, L., Isaksson, M., Sandström, L., Thelin, N., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066571 · Cited by 5
The outcome of an automated assessment of trabecular pattern in intraoral radiographs as a fracture risk predictor
Gullberg, J., Sundh, D., Johansson, L., Isberg, P., Lorentzon, M., & Lindh, C. (2022) · Dentomaxillofacial Radiology · doi:10.1259/dmfr.20210483 · Cited by 4
Child Sexual Abuse Material Users on the Darknet: Psychiatric Morbidities Related to Offence Behavior
Lätth, J., Joleby, M., McMahan, A., Luke, T. J., & Rahm, C. (2025) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/10790632251347562 · Cited by 4
The Prevalence of Alcohol Prevention Efforts in Swedish Workplaces
Källmén, H., Leifman, H., Hermansson, U., & Vinberg, S. (2013) · International Journal of Disability Management · doi:10.1017/idm.2013.1 · Cited by 3
“Screening is carried out with the use of the AUDIT form (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; Bergman & Källmen, 2002) and when appropriate, a carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) blood test (Helander, 2003).”
Method
Differential genetic associations between dimensions of eating disorders and alcohol involvement in late adolescent twins
Qi, B., Thornton, L. M., Breiner, C. E., Kuja‐Halkola, R., Baker, J. H., Lichtenstein, P., Lundström, S., Arpana Agrawal, A., Bulik, C. M., & Munn‐Chernoff, M. A. (2023) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.15150 · Cited by 3
Lifestyle behavior of physiotherapy students from Ecuador upon admission to higher education: a cross-sectional study
Gutiérrez‐Espinoza, H., Cassola-Cajiao, M., Garzón-Ulloa, E., Celi-Lalama, D., Bastidas‐Caldes, C., Araya‐Quintanilla, F., Cristi‐Montero, C., & López‐Gil, J. F. (2024) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2024.1352144 · Cited by 10
Cognitive sequences in obsessive-compulsive disorder are supported by frontal cortex ramping activity
Doyle, H., McLaughlin, N. C. R., Garnaat, S. L., & Desrochers, T. M. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1084 · Cited by 8
“A score of 8 or above was used as a cut-off for men, while a score of 6 or above was used as exclusion criteria for women ( Bergman & K ä llm é n, 2002).”
CONSUMO DE ÁLCOOL E FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS ENTRE ESTUDANTES DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL BRASILEIRA, 2014
Silva, C. F., de Oliveira, A. P., Mundim, F. L., Alves, T. A., Silva, A. N., Silva, L. L. D. C., da Silva, J., de Melo, E. Q., Caixeta, E. S., Faria, M. K., et al. (2016) · Hygeia - Revista Brasileira de Geografia Médica e da Saúde · doi:10.14393/hygeia1235792 · Cited by 3
The Association Between Traditional Masculinity Ideology and Predictors of Military to Civilian Transition Among Veteran Men
O’Loughlin, J. I., Cox, D. W., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Castro, C. A. (2020) · The Journal of Men s Studies · doi:10.1177/1060826520911658 · Cited by 4
“The AUDIT has shown satisfactory internal consistency and test–retest reliability (Bergman & Källmén, 2002).”
Method
Factors associated with the level of prolactin in patients under remission from Alcohol Use Disorder: A gender perspective
Pandey, S., Bolstad, I., Lien, L., & Bramness, J. G. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.12182 · Cited by 3
Studies on alcoholic liver disease
Stokkeland, K. (2006) · Figshare · Cited by 3
A flexible module-based cognitive behavioral therapy for gaming disorder: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Arvidson, E., Hofstedt, A., & Gordh, A. S. (2025) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-09147-4 · Cited by 3
“The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test is a screening tool for alcohol related problems and identifies individuals with harmful use of alcohol [49].”
ALCOHOL PROBLEMS AMONG SWEDISH DRIVERS SUSPECTED OF DUI
Bergman, H., Hubincka, B., & Laurell, H. (2002) · PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ALCOHOL, DRUGS AND TRAFFIC SAFETY · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Internet‐Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy With Interoceptive Exposure for Panic Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Working Alliance Analysis.
Bäckman, L., Weineland, S., Vernmark, K., Radvogin, E., Bjälkebring, P., Enbuske, E., Hermansson, I., Johansson, N., Petersen, N., & Hursti, T. (2026) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.70045 · Cited by 2
“The online screening instrument included PDSS-SR, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT; Bergman and Källmén 2002) to assess hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption with a cutoff score of 19 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; Titov et al. 2011) to identify suicidal…”
Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Swedish Version of the Self-Compassion Scale
Bratt, A. S., Marcusson‐Clavertz, D., Ozolins, A., & Carlsson, R. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02487-3 · Cited by 3
“Alcohol consumption (AUDIT) were relatively low with a mean score of 5.80, where the cutoff for hazardous drinking is a score of eight or higher (Bergman & Källmén, 2002).”
Influential
Drunk driving: a secondary analysis of factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol in Jamaica
Lalwani, K., Sewell, C. A., Frazier, G., & Abel, W. D. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073529 · Cited by 2
Exhaustion Disorder in Primary Care: A Comparison With Major Depressive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder
Sennerstam, V., Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E., Nilsonne, G., Lekander, M., Rück, C., Wallert, J., Axelsson, E., & Lindsäter, E. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.13087 · Cited by 2
“A cutoff score of 8 and above on the total AUDIT index indicates hazardous alcohol use among men, while a cutoff score of 6 and above indicates hazardous drinking among women (Bergman and Källmén 2002; Bergman et al. 1998).”
Dissociating social reward learning and behavior in alcohol use disorder
Jangard, S., Lindström, B., Khemiri, L., Jayaram‐Lindström, N., & Olsson, A. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03236-3 · Cited by 2
Questionable generalizability of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test‐Consumption scoring warrants caution when used for outcome monitoring: Evidence from simulated and real‐world trial data
Romero, D., Johansson, M., Berman, A. H., & Lindner, P. (2025) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.70074 · Cited by 1
“Another limitation of our study is that, because of limited published AUDIT-C statistics (e.g. cross-item correlations) for simulation, we combined statistics from two distinct samples to form one simulation parameter set [52, 65], whereas the other set was derived from a single cohort [ 32, 33].”
Violence in Acute Psychiatric Patients: A Cumulative Increased Risk with Polysubstance Abuse?
Fosse, R., Olsen, B., & Bjørkly, S. K. (2013) · International Journal of Forensic Mental Health · doi:10.1080/14999013.2013.819395 · Cited by 2
“…instruments have satisfactory psychometric properties in clinical and non-clinical samples, with overall reliability above .80 and convergent validity, sensitivity, and specificity above 85% (Bergman & Kallmen, 2002; Nesvåg, Lange, Faerden et al., 2010; Reinert & Allen, 2002; Voluse et al., 2012).”
Background
Female Drinking From Young Adolescence to Middle Age: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Wennberg, P., & Andersson, T. (2013) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/1067828x.2012.747879 · Cited by 2
“At age 43, information about alcohol-related symptoms was collected by 3 questions from the Swedish version (see Bergman & Källmén, 2002) of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identifi cation Test – AUDIT (questions about blackouts, eye openers, and inability to stop drinking).”
Method
Alcohol use in young indigenous Sami in Sweden
Omma, L., & Sandlund, M. (2015) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2015.1028437 · Cited by 2
Survival of the drunkest: The relationship between intrasexual competition and excessive alcohol consumption by university students.
Harris, M. A., Jones, C., & Brown, D. H. K. (2018) · Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1037/ebs0000153 · Cited by 2
“…AUDIT has been found to demonstrate a high degree of internal consistency (median reliability coefficient of 0.83, with a range of 0.75 to 0.97) (Reinert & Allen, 2007), construct validity (Cronbach's α reliability coefficient of 0.69) and test–retest reliability (0.98) (Bergman and Kallmen, 2002).”
BackgroundInfluential
Psychometric Properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Prevalence of Alcohol use Among SA Site-based Construction Workers
Bowen, P. A. (2021) · Civil Engineering Research Journal · doi:10.19080/cerj.2021.12.555837 · Cited by 2
“For example, Bergman & Källmén [18], employing CFA to compare one-, two-, and threefactor solutions for a Swedish general population, reported the superiority of multiple factor models over a single-factor model.”
Method
Mindfulness-Based Attention as a Moderator of the Relationship Between ADHD and Comordid Disorders
Jacobs, A. (2011) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon) · Cited by 2
Internet-based transdiagnostic treatment for emotional disorders in Arabic- and Farsi-speaking refugees: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Boettcher, J., Heinrich, M., Boettche, M., Burchert, S., Glaesmer, H., Gouzoulis‐Mayfrank, E., Heeke, C., Hernek, M., Knaevelsrud, C., Konnopka, A., et al. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07845-5 · Cited by 1
Predicting Therapy Outcomes in Patients With Stress-Related Disorders: Protocol for a Predictive Modeling Study
Föyen, L. F., Sennerstam, V., Kontio, E., Flygare, O., Boman, M., & Lindsäter, E. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/65790 · Cited by 1
“Alcohol use was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test [40,41].”
Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for psychological symptoms during the final phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: a feasibility study
Aminoff, V., Björklund, M., Ekström, E., Stenback, A., Yousafzai, U., Berg, M., Ludvigsson, M., & Andersson, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1504217 · Cited by 1
Rupture and repair in the working alliance among patients with substance use disorder
Gidhagen, Y., Holmqvist, R., & Falkenström, F. (2025) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2025.2569043 · Cited by 1
“Cutoff scores for hazardous or harmful alcohol use in the AUDIT form of 10 items are 8 for men and 6 for women (Bergman & Källmén, 2002).”
Influential
Patterns of violence exposure in a life-course perspective and associations to mental and physical health problems and health-related risk behaviors among women and men in Sweden: A latent class analysis
Pettersson, R., Lucas, S., & Strandh, M. (2025) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101874 · Cited by 1
Diagnostic accuracy of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) in Swedish young adult outpatients in general psychiatry
Lenninger, S., Isaksson, J., Ramklint, M., & Ramirez, A. (2025) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2025.2584271 · Cited by 1
“The Swedish translation of AUDIT has been validated in the Swedish general population and proven to maintain its psychometric characteristics, including internal consistency, validity, and diagnostic accuracy [25,26].”
Studies in youth alcohol consumption and prevention
Hallgren, M. Å. (2012) · Socialmedicinsk tidskrift · doi:10.62607/smt.v89i4-5.43469 · Cited by 1
Association Study ofDKK2Polymorphisms with Alcohol Dependence and Alcohol-Related Harm
Kim, Y., Bae, J. S., Park, B. L., Kim, J., Kim, L. H., Kim, J. W., Lee, B. C., Kang, T., Choi, I., & Shin, H. D. (2013) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12265 · Cited by 1
O consumo de álcool em serviços de saúde mental no Rio Grande do Sul
Kantorski, L. P., Jardim, V. M. D. R., de Oliveira, M. M., Alves, P. F., Silveira, K. L., Weiss, C. V., & Weiss, C. V. (2014) · Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional · doi:10.4322/cto.2014.034 · Cited by 1
SCREENING AND IDENTIFICATION Socio-demographic Predictors of Dimensions of the AUDIT Score in A Population Sample of Working-age Men in Izhevsk, Russia
Cook, S., Stavola, B. L. D., Saburova, L., Kiryanov, N. A., Vasiljev, M., McCambridge, J., McKee, M., Polikina, O., Gil, A. U., & Leon, D. A. (2011) · Cited by 1
Counselling by Health Care Professionals: Results of a Health Survey inSweden
Elo, S. L., & Karlberg, I. H. (2010) · The Open Health Services and Policy Journal · Cited by 1
PREDICTORS OF DRINKING BEHAVIOUR AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS: A NEW PSYCHOSOCIAL CONTROL PERSPECTIVE
Curcio, A. L., Mak, A. S., & George, A. M. (2016) · International Journal of Child Youth and Family Studies · doi:10.18357/ijcyfs.71201615464 · Cited by 1
“Research using the AUDIT and its subscales in general populations often results in positively skewed data, as many participants report few alcohol-related problems (Bergman & Källmén, 2002).”
BackgroundMethod
Past Year Alcohol Consumption Patterns, Alcohol Problems and Alcohol-Related Diagnoses in the New Zealand Mental Health Survey
Wells, J. E., & McGee, M. A. (2015) · Journal of Addiction & Prevention · doi:10.13188/2330-2178.1000019 · Cited by 1
“Findings from drinking cultures as different as Switzerland [20] and Sweden [17] as well as in nine European countries [38] support this conclusion.”
BackgroundMethod
Changes in patterns of alcohol consumption in young psychiatric outpatients: two comparable samples assessed with 10 years apart
Lenninger, S., Isaksson, J., Ramirez, A., & Ramklint, M. (2023) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2023.2236596 · Cited by 1
Associations between alcohol use and outcome of psychological treatment in specialist psychiatric care – a cohort study
Lundkvist, J. E., Georgsson, K., Carlbring, P., Johansson, R., Ljungberg, T., Finn, S. W., & Anderbro, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1374339 · Cited by 1
Opioid Use and Prescription Opioid Use Disorder: Biopsychosocial Characterisation of a Clinical Chronic Pain Cohort
Wagner, S., Ljungvall, H., Zetterberg, H., Karlsten, R., Ekselius, L., & Åsenlöf, P. (2025) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70081 · Cited by 1
Alcohol Addiction
Malik, A. S., & Amin, H. U. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811140-6.00005-9 · Cited by 1
Alcohol Consumption in Chinese Young Adult Gamers: Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
Wang, Q. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-022-00866-2 · Cited by 1
“…with men, women may be more likely to suffer from alcohol-related health conditions at lower levels of alcohol consumption, to progress to AUD faster when engaging in heavy drinking (Nolen-Hoeksema & Hilt, 2006), thus, women are often recommended a lower daily intake of alcohol (Bergman, 2002).”
INDIVIDUAL NEEDS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH AMONG VICTIMS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
Dufort, M. (2015) · Figshare · Cited by 1
Parents who have lost a son or daughter through suicide : towards improved care and restored psychological health
Omérov, P. (2013) · Figshare · Cited by 1
Atitudes dos estudantes de enfermagem frente aos alcoolistas: validação do short alcohol and alcohol problems perception questionnaire
Maciel, M. E. D. (2011) · doi:10.11606/d.22.2011.tde-18072011-111011 · Cited by 1
Adolescent sexual offending. Prevalence, risk factors and outcome.
Kjellgren, C. (2009) · Lund University Publications (Lund University) · Cited by 1
Alcohol Use and Stress in University Freshmen - A Comparative Intervention Study of Two Universities
Andersson, C. R. (2009) · Lund University Publications (Lund University) · Cited by 1
Alcohol Use and Abuse among Female High School Learners: A Qualitative Approach
Hlomani, T. J. (2013) · Cited by 1

Authors: Bergman, H.
Affiliations: Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
Corresponding author: Bergman, H.
Venue: Alcohol and Alcoholism
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2002-05-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 3
Pages: 245-251
ISSN: 0735-0414 (ISSN-L)
1464-3502
DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/37.3.245
OpenAlex: W1995146706
Cited by: 345
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 3.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Alcohol and Alcoholism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Karolinska Institutet
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, auditing, alcoholism, hazardous drinking, binge drinking, alcohol-related problems, psychometric validation, factor structure, test-retest reliability, gender differences, age differences, Swedish population, screening tool
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sweden, Alcohol-Related Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

ALCOHOL USE AMONG SWEDES AND A PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS IDENTIFICATION TEST

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks