THE INTRANEURAL TOPOGRAPHY OF THE RADIAL, MEDIAN AND ULNAR NERVES
Abstract
SYDNEY SUNDERLAND; THE INTRANEURAL TOPOGRAPHY OF THE RADIAL, MEDIAN AND ULNAR NERVES, Brain, Volume 68, Issue 4, 1 December 1945, Pages 243–298, https://doi.org
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Peripheral nerves have a highly branched structure and high person-to-person variability in anatomy, both in branching structure and in the location of fascicles that innervate specific muscles.
“Peripheral nerves, however, have a highly branched structure, and there is a high degree of person-to-person variability in the anatomy of those nerves, both in branching structure and in the location of fascicles that innervate specific muscles [7,8].”
From Optimization of selective stimulation parameters for multi-contact electrodes (2013) · cites this paper as [7]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction after Injury: A Review of Clinical and Experimental Therapies
Grinsell, D., & Keating, C. P. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/698256 · Cited by 1,049 · see citing works
“Sunderland in 1945 [16, 17] made anatomical maps for the motor or sensory fascicle patterns within major limb nerves.”
BackgroundSupracondylar Humeral Fractures in Children
Omid, R., Choi, P. D., & Skaggs, D. L. (2008) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.g.01354 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
The anatomy and physiology of nerve injury
Sunderland, S. S. (1990) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.880130903 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Self-citationChapter 8 Current Techniques and Concepts in Peripheral Nerve Repair
Siemionow, M., & Brzezicki, G. (2009) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(09)87008-6 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of nerve compression
Mackinnon, S. E. (2002) · Hand Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0749-0712(01)00012-9 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Topp, K. S., & Boyd, B. S. (2006) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/86.1.92 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
The nerve lesion in the carpal tunnel syndrome.
Sunderland, S. (1976) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.39.7.615 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
“They concluded that the findings pointed to a mechanical rather than an ischaemic cause for the fibre damage.”
BackgroundSelf-citationElectrophysiological findings in entrapment of the median nerve at wrist and elbow
Buchthal, F., Rosenfalck, A. M., & Trojaborg, W. (1974) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.37.3.340 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
“The cutaneous fibres from digit I and from the first, second, and third interspace lie in separate funiculi within the median nerve up to 2 cm proximal to the radial styloid line (Sunderland, 1945).”
BackgroundInternal topography of major nerves of the forearm and hand: A current view
Jabaley, M. E., Wallace, W. H., & Heckler, F. R. (1980) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(80)80035-9 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Feinberg, J. H., & Radecki, J. (2010) · HSS Journal® The Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11420-010-9176-x · Cited by 228 · see citing works
“Least commonly involved are the ulnar, radial, and median nerves [61, 74, 76, 78].”
BackgroundUltrasound of nerve and muscle
Walker, F. O., Cartwright, M. S., Wiesler, E. R., & Caress, J. B. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2003.10.022 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
A nerve cuff technique for selective excitation of peripheral nerve trunk regions
Sweeney, J. D., Ksienski, D. A., & Mortimer, J. T. (1990) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.55681 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
“Sunderland has published detailed investigations of the intraneural topographies of the human sciatic nerve and its popliteal divisions [30] and the human median and ulnar nerves [28].”
BackgroundNeuralgic amyotrophy: An increasingly diverse entity
England, J. D., & Sumner, A. J. (1987) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.880100112 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Nerve repair, grafting, and nerve transfers
Dvali, L. T., & Mackinnon, S. E. (2003) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0094-1298(02)00096-2 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Tan, D. W., Schiefer, M. A., Keith, M. W., Anderson, J. R., & Tyler, D. J. (2015) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/12/2/026002 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Millesi, H. (2000) · Hand Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0749-0712(21)00503-5 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Axonal components of nerves innervating the human arm
Geßlbauer, B., Hruby, L. A., Roche, A. D., et al. (2017) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25018 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“At spinal cord level these two somatic populations are anatomically separated, but intermingle once the axons leave the cord to form the spinal nerve(6).”
BackgroundTHE RECORDING OF NERVE ACTION POTENTIALS THROUGH SKIN IN MAN
Dawson, G. D., & Scott, J. W. (1949) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.12.4.259 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“In interpreting observations such as these it is necessary to consider the division of the nerve into funiculi, which has been investigated by Sunderland (1945), and which makes it possible with weak stimuli to excite alone either motor responses from the thenar muscles or sensations from the…”
BackgroundMannerfelt, L. (1966) · Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/ort.1966.37.suppl-87.01 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Dumitru, D., Amato, A. A., & Zwarts, M. J. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-56053-433-4.50013-4 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Evaluation and Surgical Management of Peripheral Nerve Problems
Grant, G. A., Goodkin, R., & Kliot, M. (1999) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1097/00006123-199904000-00077 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
NERVE TRANSFERS IN THE UPPER EXTREMITY
Nath, R. K., & Mackinnon, S. E. (2000) · Hand Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0749-0712(21)00507-2 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Nerve regenration and repair: A review
Lundborg, G. (1987) · Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/17453678709146461 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
The History of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Pfeffer, G. B., Gelberman, R. H., Boyes, J. H., et al. (1988) · Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) · doi:10.1016/0266-7681(88)90046-0 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Progress in peripheral nerve reconstruction
Millesi, H. (1990) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/bf01670520 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Positioning patients for spine surgery: Avoiding uncommon position-related complications
Kamel, I. (2014) · World Journal of Orthopedics · doi:10.5312/wjo.v5.i4.425 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
SPONTANEOUS ANTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE PALSY
Nagano, A. (2003) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.85b3.14147 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Microneuronography and its relation to perceived sensation. a critical review
Wall, P. D., & McMahon, S. B. (1985) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(85)90086-7 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Referred pain from intraneural stimulation of muscle fascicles in the median nerve
Torebjörk, H. E., Ochoa, J. L., & Schady, W. (1984) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(84)90882-0 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Targeting the peripheral neural-tumour microenvironment for cancer therapy
Yaniv, D., Mattson, B. J., Talbot, S., Gleber‐Netto, F. O., & Amit, M. (2024) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-024-01017-z · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“The size, number and configuration of these fascicles (such as myelination status and conduction velocity) can vary between and throughout these nerves 10,11 .”
Hagert, E. M. (2013) · Hand · doi:10.1007/s11552-012-9483-4 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“According to Sunderland [21], at this “lacertus tunnel,” the median nerve is organized such that the branches to the pronator teres and FCR are located anteriorly, and the branches to the FPL and FDP II, medially.”
BackgroundMethodCryoneurolysis and Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation to Treat Acute Pain
Ilfeld, B. M., & Finneran, J. J. (2020) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000003532 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“Whether this represents a spurious finding remains unknown, but considering that the relative intraneural fascicular orientation greatly impacts the functional results of stimulation,(211) the fascicular organization in the subgluteal location may be preferred to the popliteal region when the stimulation of sensory fi…”
BackgroundStimulation of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System for the Control of Pain
Stanton-Hicks, M., & Salamon, J. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/00004691-199701000-00004 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Nerve transfers for restoration of finger flexion in patients with tetraplegia
Bertelli, J. A., & Ghizoni, M. F. (2016) · Journal of Neurosurgery Spine · doi:10.3171/2016.5.spine151544 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Microsurgery of Peripheral Nerves
Millesi, H. (1973) · HAND · doi:10.1016/0072-968x(73)90061-2 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Gustafson, K. J., Pinault, G. C. J., Neville, J. J., Syed, I., Jr, J. A. D., Jean-Claude, J., & Triolo, R. J. (2009) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2008.08.0097 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“Sunderland extensively studied the fascicular anatomy of the radial, medial, and ulnar nerves of the forearm and concluded that none of these nerves have a characteristic fascicular pattern because of the repeated divisions, mergers, and migration of fiber bundles [25].”
BackgroundInfluentialAfferent impulses in median nerve fascicles evoked by tactile stimuli of the human hand
Hagbarth, K. E., Hongell, A., Hallin, R. G., & Torebjörk, H. E. (1970) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(70)90183-6 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
McPherson, S. A., & Meals, R. A. (1992) · Orthopedic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0030-5898(20)31719-3 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Slowly Adapting Muscle Receptors in Man
Vallbo, Å. B. (1970) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04667.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Topographical distribution of motor fascicles in the sciatic‐tibial nerve of the rat
Badia, J., Pascual‐Font, A., Vivó, M., Udina, E., & Navarro, X. (2010) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.21652 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Chiarapattanakom, P., Leechavengvongs, S., Witoonchart, K., et al. (1998) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(98)80122-6 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of nerve injury
Maggi, S. P., Lowe, J. B., & Mackinnon, S. E. (2003) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0094-1298(02)00101-3 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“Sunderland [9] reported that the internal topography of peripheral nerves became increasingly more organized as they progressed distally (Fig.”
BackgroundThe Surgical Management of Nerve Gaps
Habre, S. B., Bond, G., Jing, X. L., et al. (2017) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0000000000001252 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Sunderland, S. S. (1976) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.39.5.471 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationEpineurial and perineurial fascicular nerve repairs: A critical comparison
Cabaud, H. E., Rodkey, W. G., McCarroll, H. R., et al. (1976) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(76)80006-8 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Lesion distribution among 281 patients with sporadic neuralgic amyotrophy
Ferrante, M. A., & Wilbourn, A. J. (2016) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.25422 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Nonoperative treatment of anterior interosseous nerve paralysis
Miller-Breslow, A., Terrono, A. L., & Millender, L. H. (1990) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/0363-5023(90)90069-4 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Raspopović, S., Petrini, F. M., Żelechowski, M., & Valle, G. (2016) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2600560 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“To this end recent anatomical studies are done in cadaveric preparations of median [66] and sciatic nerve [67], revisiting the traditional Sunderland’s work [68].”
BackgroundSondekoppam, R. V., & Tsui, B. C. H. (2017) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000001804 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome: retrospective analysis of 14 patients
Ulrich, D. J. O., Piatkowski, A. A., & Pallua, N. (2011) · Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00402-011-1322-5 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“The detailed anatomy and its normal variation have been discussed by Sunderland [36, 37], Mangini [20], and Spinner [33].”
Fascicular topography of the human median nerve for neuroprosthetic surgery
Delgado-Martínez, I., Badia, J., Pascual-Font, A., Rodríguez-Baeza, A., & Navarro, X. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00286 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Sunderland (1945) showed that there was no consistent fascicular pattern for the main arm nerves.”
BackgroundTutorial: a computational framework for the design and optimization of peripheral neural interfaces
Romeni, S., Valle, G., Mazzoni, A., & Micera, S. (2020) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/s41596-020-0377-6 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“The locations of functional groups with de fi nite motor or sensory targets in humans have been studied for decades, providing a useful body of information, especially for large nerves such as the median 33,35,37,39,40,44,45 and sciatic 36,38,41,46 – 48 nerves.”
BackgroundThe musculocutaneous nerve and its branches to the biceps and brachialis muscles
Yang, Z.-X., Pho, R. W. H., Kour, A.-K., et al. (1995) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(05)80289-8 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Neuralgic amyotrophy manifesting as anterior interosseous nerve palsy
Rennels, G. D., & Ochoa, J. L. (1980) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.880030209 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Dahlin, L. B., Zimmerman, M., Calcagni, M., Hundepool, C. A., van Alfen, N., & Chung, K. C. (2024) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-024-00521-1 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy
Sood, M. K., & BURKE, F. D. (1997) · Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) · doi:10.1016/s0266-7681(97)80020-4 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Natural History and Conservative Management of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Szabo, R. M., & Kwak, C. (2007) · Hand Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.hcl.2007.05.002 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Sunderland [32] studied the topography of the ulnar nerve at the level of the elbow and noted that the fascicles innervating the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus to the fourth and fifth digits are more central whereas the sensory fascicles and hand muscles are distributed more peripherally.”
BackgroundDifference in Recovery Potential of Peripheral Nerves after Graft Repairs
Roganovic, Z., & Pavlićević, G. (2006) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000228869.48866.bd · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“, within the peroneal nerve) makes it difficult for regenerating axons to grow into empty perineural tubes (122).”
BackgroundAcute nerve injury as a complication of closed fractures or dislocations of the elbow
Galbraith, K. A., & McCullough, C. J. (1979) · Injury · doi:10.1016/s0020-1383(79)80015-7 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“In the latter, the posterior fasciculi of the median nerve supply the pronator teres, flexor digitorum superficialis and the anterior interosseous fibres, as well as sensory fibres to the forearm (Sunderland, 1945).”
BackgroundA new brachial plexus block technique in dogs
Futema, F., Fantoni, D. T., Júnior, J. O. C. A., et al. (2002) · Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia · doi:10.1046/j.1467-2995.2002.00082.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Motor and sensory conduction in different segments of the radial nerve in normal subjects.
Trojaborg, W., & Sindrup, E. (1969) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.32.4.354 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“The sensory fibres can be stripped nearly 7 cm above the division of the radial nerve into the posterior interosseous and the superficial branches without interfering with the fibre architecture of the nerve, and in the main trunk at the level of the intermuscular furrow sensory fibres are localized to the anteromedia…”
BackgroundUltrahigh‐frequency ultrasound of fascicles in the median nerve at the wrist
Cartwright, M. S., Baute, V., Caress, J. B., et al. (2017) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.25617 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Levinthal, R., Brown, W. J., & Rand, R. W. (1977) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1977.47.5.0744 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Peripheral nerve ultrasound in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotypes
Schreiber, S., Abdulla, S., Dębska–Vielhaber, G., Machts, J., Dannhardt‐Stieger, V., Feistner, H., Oldag, A., Goertler, M., Petri, S., Kollewe, K., et al. (2014) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.24431 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Importance of Internal Anatomy of the Peripheral Nerves to Nerve Repair in the Forearm and Hand
Williams, H. B., & Jabaley, M. E. (1986) · Hand Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0749-0712(21)00617-x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Quantification of human upper extremity nerves and fascicular anatomy
Brill, N. A., & Tyler, D. J. (2017) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.25534 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Fascicular topography of the median nerve: A computer based study to identify branching patterns
Watchmaker, G. P., Gumucio, C. A., Crandall, R. E., Vannier, M. W., & Weeks, P. M. (1991) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(10)80013-9 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Sinha, S. K., Abrams, J. H., & Weller, R. S. (2007) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000271912.84440.01 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“This finding may have been because of the nonhomogenous distribution of motor, sensory, and connective tissue in nerve roots (8,9), such that a needle may have been proximate to one fiber type Figure 2.”
BackgroundCurrent Issues in Nerve Repair
Terris, D. J., & Fee, W. E. (1993) · Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/archotol.1993.01880190021004 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
THE SYNDROME OF CROCODILE TEARS
CHOROBSKI, J. (1951) · Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1951.02320030036004 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Hallin, R. G. (1990) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.53.9.736 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Mafi, P., Hindocha, S., Dhital, M., et al. (2012) · The Open Orthopaedics Journal · doi:10.2174/1874325001206010060 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“Sunderland [10] classified nerve injuries into first, second, third, fourth and fifth degree nerve injury in order of severity of the injury.”
BackgroundInfluentialNerve Suture and Grafting to Restore the Extratemporal Facial Nerve
Millesi, H. (1979) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0094-1298(20)32040-x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Central course of digital axons within the median nerve of macaca mulatta
Brushart, T. M. E. (1991) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903110203 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The internal anatomy of the median nerve in the region of the elbow
Gunther, S. F., DiPasquale, D., & Martin, R. (1992) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/0363-5023(92)90310-l · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Electrophysiological recordings in peripheral nerve surgery: A review
Terzis, J. K., Dykes, R. W., & Hakstian, R. W. (1976) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(76)80025-1 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Modeling study of peripheral nerve recording selectivity
Perez-Perive, J., & Durund, D. M. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/86.867874 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“ings of the sensory signals contained in afferent fibers can provide information about variables such as pressure, joint angle, muscle force, or length [11]–[13], [16], [31].”
BackgroundNerve stimulation in regional anesthesia: theory and practice
Andrés, J. A. D., Alonso-Íñigo, J. M., Sala‐Blanch, X., et al. (2005) · Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology · doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2004.11.002 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
TECHNIQUES FOR PRIMARY NERVE REPAIR
Diao, E., & Vannuyen, T. (2000) · Hand Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0749-0712(21)00501-1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Aristovich, K. Y., Donegà, M., Blochet, C., Avery, J., Hannan, S., Chew, D. J., & Holder, D. S. (2018) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aad78e · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“2 Historically, the main approach has been the painstaking analysis of multiple serial sections which has permitted identification of somatotopic organisation in the principal human limb nerves [3, 4].”
BackgroundPartial median nerve entrapment in the distal arm because of an accessory bicipital aponeurosis
Spinner, R. J., Carmichael, S., & Spinner, M. (1991) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(10)80103-0 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Comparison of digital sensory studies in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome
Kothari, M. J., Rutkove, S. B., Caress, J. B., et al. (1995) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.880181109 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Chow, J. A., Beek, A. L. V., Bilos, Z. J., Meyer, D. L., & Johnson, M. (1986) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/00004623-198668020-00013 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Chmiela, M. A., Hendrickson, M. F., Hale, J. E., Liang, C., Telefus, P., Sagir, A., & Stanton-Hicks, M. D. (2020) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.13295 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Lin, Y., Shih, Y., Chen, J.-T., et al. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00387-2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“The similar behaviors between CMAP and SNAP in the present study may be related to the mixed organization of motor and sensory fibers in median nerve fascicles (Sunderland, 1945; Schady et al., 1983).”
ResultHagert, E. M., Jedeskog, U., Hagert, C.-G., et al. (2023) · International Orthopaedics · doi:10.1007/s00264-023-05709-w · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The Role of Microsurgery in Nerve Repair and Nerve Grafting
Dvali, L. T., & Mackinnon, S. E. (2007) · Hand Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.hcl.2007.02.003 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación
Macaya, M. B. (2016) · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Neuromuscular stimulation selectivity of multiple-contact nerve cuff electrode arrays
Sweeney, J. D., Crawford, N. R., & Brandon, T. A. (1995) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/bf02510525 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Cambon‐Binder, A., & Leclercq, C. (2014) · Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy · doi:10.1007/s00276-014-1371-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Posterior interosseous neuropathy
Bäumer, P., Kele, H., Xia, A., et al. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000003287 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Nerve injuries associated with supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children
Kwok, I. H. Y., Silk, Z., Quick, T., et al. (2016) · The Bone & Joint Journal · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.98b6.35686 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fascicular constrictions above elbow typify anterior interosseous nerve syndrome
Sneag, D. B., Arányi, Z., Zusstone, E. M., et al. (2019) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.26768 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“It is important to recognize the possibility of sole FPL involvement, as thumb flexion weakness can be mistakenly attributed to FPL rupture.(34-39) In fact, the possibility of individual fascicle involvement should be considered in PTS more generally.”
BackgroundFunicular suture and funicular exclusion in the repair of severed nerves
Sunderland, S. (1953) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.18004016412 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationSurgical significance of the motor fascicular group of the ulnar nerve in the forearm
Chow, J. A., Van Beek, A. L., Meyer, D. L., & Johnson, M. C. (1985) · The Journal of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(85)80164-7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Clustering of Pacinian corpuscle afferent fibres in the human median nerve
Wu, G., Ekedahl, R. G., Stark, B., Carlstedt, T. P., Nilsson, B., & Hallin, R. G. (1999) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s002210050746 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Yet prevailing orthodoxy has rather emphasized the lack of such an organisation in the peripheral part of the neuraxis, in particular within individual nerve fascicles ( Sunderland 1945; Schady et al. 1983).”
BackgroundMethodPeripheral Nerve Surgery Today: Turning Point or Continuous Development?
Millesi, H. (1990) · Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) · doi:10.1016/0266-7681(90)90004-n · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Reina, M. Á., Arriazu, R., Collier, C. B., et al. (2013) · Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación · doi:10.1016/j.redar.2013.06.006 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
[Morphology of peripheral nerves, their sheaths, and their vascularization].
Reina, M. Á., López, A., Villanueva, M. C., et al. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Ray, B., D’Souza, A. S., Kumar, B., et al. (2010) · Clinical Anatomy · doi:10.1002/ca.21043 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Previous studies indicated that the increased amount of collagen fibers is a consequence of compression rather than a protective mechanism (Sunderland, 1945).”
Background
- Authors
- SUNDERLAND, S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- SUNDERLAND, SYDNEY
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1945
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 243-298
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2057392205
- Cited by
- 426
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Peripheral Nerve Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anatomy › Medical and Biological Sciences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurology and Historical Studies
- Keywords
- radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, nerve anatomy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Median Nerve, Radial Nerve, Ulnar Nerve
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
