Reactivation of Networks Involved in Preparatory States
Abstract
We report an endogenous signal that has a widespread cortical distribution and is time-locked to the termination of a sustained state of task-readiness. In three event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments, subjects saw an arrow cue that predicted either the direction of motion or the location of a subsequent test stimulus. A reactivation of the BOLD (blood oxygenation level-dependent) signal occurred at the termination of the state of readiness in occipital regions that were transiently activated by the cue and in frontal-parietal regions that maintained an attentional set over the trial. Moreover, a delayed activation occurred in prefrontal and temporo-parietal regions that did not initially respond to the cue and that have been implicated in re-orienting attention to novel sensory events. These latter regions may have generated control signals that ended the state of readiness in regions active during the cue period. These results indicate that terminating a state of readiness produces a widely distributed cortical signal and suggest that areas involved in a preparatory state may be maintained as a network which can be modulated as a whole.
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Activity increases are also observed in the ventral attention system after abrupt changes in sensory stimuli, at the onset and offset of task blocks, and at the end of a completed trial.
“Activity increases also are observed in the ventral system after abrupt changes in sensory stimuli (15), at the onset and offset of task blocks (16), and at the end of a completed trial (17).”
From Spontaneous neuronal activity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems (2006) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Shulman, G. L.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shulman, G. L.
- ORCID
- Shulman, G. L.
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-06-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 590-600
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2127633640
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ey012148-02)
- National Eye Institute (EY 00379, EY-12148)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- neural reactivation, attentional set, attentional reorientation, frontal-parietal cortex, occipital cortex, prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal cortex, sustained attention, control signals
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Cerebral Cortex, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mental Processes, Photic Stimulation, Space Perception
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