The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 34 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Mapping the emergence of the circular economy within the governance paths of shrinking cities and regions: a comparative study of Parkstad Limburg (NL) and Satakunta (FI)
Open accessAbstract
Abstract This paper studies the interplay between governance priorities concerning urban shrinkage and the circular economy (CE) agenda in the cases of Parkstad Limburg (NL) and Satakunta (FI), aiming to assess the potential of European circular imaginaries for creating novel development pathways in shrinking cities and regions. The findings reveal that the CE agenda emerges within specific sectors due to various influences, including European institutional frameworks, national policies and local initiatives. Notably, the advocacy of commercial actors plays an instrumental role in advancing the CE concept into policy. However, both regions also demonstrate differences arising from distinct regional characteristics. Satakunta harnesses its manufacturing legacy to pursue economic and demographic growth through an industrial CE. Meanwhile, Parkstad Limburg prioritises circular construction to facilitate spatial restructuring and secure public funding. Therefore, in shrinking contexts, CE operates as a unifying agenda for existing interests, upholding prevailing political priorities rather than opening novel governance avenues.
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This comparative study traces how circular economy (CE) agendas emerged within the governance paths of two shrinking European regions, Parkstad Limburg (NL) and Satakunta (FI). It finds that CE became a unifying agenda for existing interests—industrial growth in Satakunta and circular construction/spatial restructuring in Parkstad—rather than opening fundamentally new governance pathways.
Key findings
- CE emerged in specific sectors: Satakunta pursued an industrial CE tied to its manufacturing legacy and economic/demographic growth aims, while Parkstad Limburg prioritised circular construction linked to spatial restructuring and securing public funding.
- Commercial actors were instrumental policy entrepreneurs, working under European institutional frameworks, national policies and local initiatives; in Satakunta this included industrial symbiosis at Kirkkokallio and the CIRCWASTE project, while in Parkstad it centred on SUPERLOCAL and IBA Parkstad.
- Both regions formed discourse coalitions: Satakunta saw a growth coalition between municipal governments and recycling companies, while Parkstad saw a grant coalition between the regional government and architecture/construction operators; national instruments such as Dutch regional deals and Finnish ecosystem agreements enabled formal integration.
- CE did not instigate fundamental governance change: prevailing discourses and power dynamics remained unchallenged, and CE reinforced existing governance priorities rather than introducing novel development pathways.
Methods
- The study uses Evolutionary Governance Theory (EGT) and path mapping within a comparative case study of two “typical” shrinking European regions, following a most similar systems design.
- Evidence base: 54 interviews with regional/local governments, businesses, educational institutions and civil society organisations; 26 regional policy documents; and 186 media articles, analysed through interpretive content analysis and narrative analysis.
- Cases: Parkstad Limburg (population 257,660) and Satakunta (population 212,566), both post-industrial regions in social-democratic welfare states with proactive CE agendas.
Limitations
- The paper describes itself as an exploratory study and notes that path mapping is not intended to provide a comprehensive collection of facts and events, but rather selects and describes key events that reshaped the governance path.
- No formal limitations section is provided; evident constraints include the two-case comparative design, which limits generalisability, and reliance on interpretive content and narrative analysis of interviews, policy documents and media sources.
- The authors note practical considerations such as language barriers in case selection, and the broader limitation that findings may be specific to the studied contexts rather than extrapolatable to all shrinking cities and regions.
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Claims the paper makes
52 Own interpretation · 20 No basis given · 10 Not checked yet · 6 Sources not found · 3 Own result · 2 No full text of the sources · 1 Supported so far · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“With a heavy emphasis on growing cities, current debates on the CE transition within urban contexts largely tend to overlook such critical social and political dimensions (Geissdoerfer et al., 2017; Korhonen et al., 2018; Vanhuyse et al., 2021).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Geissdoerfer et al., 2017 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Korhonen et al., 2018 source
- Supportedcites Vanhuyse et al., 2021 source
The Conclusions state that discourse on circular cities is limited and that social impacts remain largely unaddressed. They also identify political systems as one of the impact areas discussed in only 8% of the articles assessed, supporting the claim that urban CE debates tend to overlook social and political dimensions. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these reasons, shifting the focus to urban and regional contexts characterised by structural shrinkage can open the door to alternative perspectives on the transition to CE, particularly those that diverge from the dominant ecomodernist and technocratic paradigms (Calisto Friant et al., 2023; Marin and De Meuler, 2018).”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Calisto Friant et al., 2023 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Partly supportedcites Marin and De Meuler, 2018 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 4.1.4 says that different urban contexts shape different sustainability-transition pathways, and the concluding discussion contrasts place-sensitive approaches with technocratic circular-economy models. However, the paper does not specifically discuss structurally shrinking cities or regions as a setting that opens up these alternatives (searched for structural shrinkage and related terms). Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably, the advocacy of commercial actors plays an instrumental role in advancing the CE concept into policy.”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The findings reveal that the CE agenda emerges within specific sectors due to various influences, including European institutional frameworks, national policies and local initiatives.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Satakunta harnesses its manufacturing legacy to pursue economic and demographic growth through an industrial CE.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Meanwhile, Parkstad Limburg prioritises circular construction to facilitate spatial restructuring and secure public funding.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The first considers the framing of existing industrial symbiosis processes in Satakunta's industrial parks in terms of CE, with Kirkkokallio eco-industrial park being the most notable example.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The adoption of the CE concept in Satakunta is primarily reflected in the proliferation of business investments in the industrial CE, which can be attributed to two simultaneous influences.”
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In the paper
“Other companies in the cluster have also embraced this narrative, stressing the advantages of CE beyond financial savings, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and tackling the overconsumption of virgin materials and non-renewable resources.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“As a result, urban shrinkage has largely gone unacknowledged in political discussions despite its enduring presence.”
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In the paper
“One of them, Honkajoki Oy, a pioneer in recycling material of animal origin in Finland, was the first company in Satakunta to use the CE label to describe its operation.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The City of Pori became the principal project partner from Satakunta due to existing relationships with SYKE. At the same time, its industrial background and efforts to diversify the economy made it an ideal testing bed for circular practices in the industrial sector.”
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In the paper
“The adoption of the CE concept in Parkstad is primarily observed in the proliferation of initiatives focussed on circular construction. This trend can be traced back to the locally developed SUPERLOCAL project.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“After obtaining significant EU funding, it has become a model for other regional initiatives concerned with the circular built environment. Before that, the project's inclusion within the framework of IBA Parkstad had considerably enhanced its visibility and garnered increased political attention.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“They recognised circular initiatives in the industry to reduce waste, drive business growth and create jobs, thereby promoting them as win-win solutions.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The project aimed to accelerate Finland's transition to CE through 20 sub-projects that test and demonstrate resource-efficient circular solutions in four designated regions.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In both Parkstad and Satakunta, the CE discourse has influenced ongoing interactions between various actors and institutions while concurrently being transformed as it intersected with other discourses holding influence in governance, including those surrounding urban shrinkage.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“It merely reinforced prevailing governance priorities without introducing fundamentally new objectives or challenging the established discourses and power dynamics.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studied cases reveal a tendency towards prioritising instrumental rationality and taking a piecemeal approach in adopting CE.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Generally, global cities like Paris or Amsterdam, which are growing economically and demographically, are at the forefront of the circular transition (Fratini et al., 2019; Prendeville et al., 2018; Williams, 2021a).”
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The development of the CE agenda has played out in different ways in Parkstad and Satakunta. Parkstad embraced a predominantly bottom-up approach. The actors, institutions and discourses co-evolved around a specific local project, driven by EU funding and advocacy from the construction domain.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The formal incorporation of CE into the governance configurations of Parkstad and Satakunta began when political leaders and policymakers recognised the potential for attracting public investments and capitalising on broader European transition efforts to achieve their political goals.”
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In the paper
“The tangible results and positive impacts of these initiatives offered a solid foundation to support and champion associated narratives, empowering them to develop a compelling discourse and pursue novel institutional practices by harnessing the momentum generated within the public sphere.”
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In the paper
“By demonstrating their commitment to carbon neutrality and sustainability, many companies strive to enhance their reputation as leaders in sustainable resource management among government decisionmakers, hoping to gain a competitive advantage over their rivals.”
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In the paper
“However, the situation changed with the development of IBA Parkstad, which provided new opportunities and support for innovative initiatives like SUPERLOCAL.”
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In the paper
“EGT suggests that the elements of governance and the relations between them continually co-evolve in and through governance (Beunen et al., 2016; Van Assche et al., 2013).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Beunen et al., 2016
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked yetcites Van Assche et al., 2013 source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the same reason, the emergence of CE in Parkstad is directly linked to efforts to manage urban shrinkage (i.e. the SUPERLOCAL project), while such an influence is not observed in Satakunta.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This means that the co-evolution of actors, institutions and discourses over time in a specific case of urban shrinkage will not only influence the recognition of CE as an object of governance but will also be instrumental in shaping how CE governance plays out in practice.”
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In the paper
“Given that the adoption of circular activities is contingent upon the characteristics of the local context, which can offer both opportunities and challenges (Bolger and Doyon, 2019; Savini, 2019; Williams, 2019a, 2019b, 2021a, 2022a, 2022b)”
What the sources say
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Simultaneously, the urgency of the shrinkage situation has empowered decision-makers to prioritise the CE agenda, enabling them to override opposing viewpoints.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, the local drivers for change differ between the two regions. The businesses in Parkstad prioritised circular construction because of the promise of financial resources available through EU programmes. In contrast, companies in Satakunta embraced the industrial CE narrative to meet tightening environmental regulations.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Realising that positioning Pori as a hub for the industrial CE aligned with the national agenda, regional leaders perceived the agreement as a strategic opportunity to bolster the economic growth and competitiveness of the entire region.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“At the same time, pursuing a CE agenda can transform underlying governance configurations, potentially reshaping how urban shrinkage is governed within a particular governance path.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This difference can be attributed to the more robust discourse on urban shrinkage in Parkstad, which encompasses a multiplicity of issues across various domains. In comparison, the political attention to shrinking cities in Satakunta has mainly focussed on demographic and economic problems, leading to a narrower discourse on CE primarily centred around economic benefits.”
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In the paper
“Consequently, the governance configurations transformed, giving rise to novel institutions and institutional practices.”
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In the paper
“However, the project narrative remained focussed on recycling until the actors involved expanded their ambition under the influence of IBA Parkstad, leading them to reframe their discourses in pursuit of additional funding.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Interestingly, both of these actor groups have played a significant role within the established governance configurations. Industrial companies are regarded as integral to realising regional ambitions for stimulating economic growth in Satakunta, while the construction sector is indispensable to regional initiatives for delivering spatial restructuring in Parkstad.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The lasting prioritisation of economic growth through industrial investments underpins the CE agenda in Satakunta, while the dominant commitment to socio-environmental regeneration through spatial and functional restructuring drives the CE transition in Parkstad.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This shift led to more holistic interventions oriented towards degrowth, most notably the signing of the Parkstad Pact and the development of the Regional Programme on Population Decline in 2010 (Parkstad Limburg, 2010).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Parkstad Limburg, 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, while these activities aimed to expand CE at a local level and through community initiatives, the broader discourse still primarily emphasised large-scale economic considerations focussed on economic growth.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although this shift resulted in a more formalised integration of CE within the governance paths of the two regions, it has failed to instigate fundamental changes in the direction of governance in either case.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Therefore, in both study cases, it was mainly commercial actors who took the lead in embracing CE, predominantly under the influence of broader institutional frameworks.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“These developments underscore the convergence of interests between public and private actors, with distinct discourse coalitions emerging in both regions.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The situation changed as regional decision-makers increasingly accepted urban shrinkage as an irreversible structural trend, and the dominant discourse expanded to encompass a range of social, economic and environmental aspects (Elzerman and Bontje, 2015).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Elzerman and Bontje, 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prevailing discourses and power dynamics remain unchallenged, and the evolution of governance configurations continues along existing paths.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Initially, the CE discourse emerged within the business sphere, where it became closely associated with past and ongoing initiatives. As it was reframed under the influence of underlying governance configurations, its broader uptake is observed, particularly amongst government actors, who formed coalitions with the private sector to spearhead a new discourse.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Instead, the shift to CE assumes a targeted instrumental role, serving to reframe underlying challenges and associated governance efforts and place shrinking regions in a niche position within the broader transition processes at the national and EU levels.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, the formulation of the CE agenda happens in both top-down and bottom-up fashion and under various internal and external factors, ranging from the imprint of European institutional frameworks and the ripple effects of national policies to the dynamism of local initiatives and the legacy of historical circumstances.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“This finding highlights the dominance of CE imaginaries that prioritise the development of circular initiatives within the business sphere while underscoring the significant role assumed by the EU in spearheading the CE transition across Europe (Williams, 2019a, 2021a).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Williams, 2019a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Williams, 2021a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We identified the critical role of commercial actors in promoting the CE agenda, which happens mainly under the influence of (inter)national policy frameworks and funding initiatives.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, with a distinctive focus on circular construction in Parkstad and the industrial CE in Satakunta, the encountered agendas appear notably contextual and idiosyncratic, offering a valuable contrast to the more comprehensive and self-contained approaches commonly observed in the contexts of growth.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Distinct visions of CE do not dictate the direction of this co-evolution; instead, it is shaped by the unique character of the governing path that underlies it.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The two studied cases (Parkstad Limburg and Satakunta) are sufficiently representative of shrinking cities and regions to support generalisations about CE adoption in other shrinking cities and regions.
The authors state this as an assumption.
The conditions linked to shrinking cities and regions exert a considerable influence on the formulation of a CE agenda.
“it is reasonable to assume that the conditions linked to shrinking cities and regions would exert a considerable influence on the formulation of a CE agenda.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Shrinking cities and regions have been overlooked in academic and policy discussions concerning the circular economy.
“Shrinking cities and regions have been overlooked so far in the academic and policy discussions concerning the circular economy (CE)”
The paper relies on this without support.
Governments in only a handful of shrinking cities and regions have decided to pursue a CE agenda.
“However, governments in only a handful of shrinking cities and regions have decided to pursue a CE agenda.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The two regions, Parkstad Limburg and Satakunta, are comparable cases for studying the emergence of CE governance in shrinking contexts.
“This exploratory study has revealed how CE develops into an object of governance in the context of urban shrinkage, using the example of two shrinking European regions.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The analyzed documents and news articles adequately represent the broader regional discourses on CE.
“The broader discourse still primarily emphasised large-scale economic considerations focussed on economic growth.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The two studied cases (Parkstad Limburg and Satakunta) are sufficiently representative of shrinking cities and regions to support generalisations about CE adoption in other shrinking cities and regions.
“These findings suggest that, notwithstanding the observed similarities between the two study cases, the adoption of CE in different shrinking cities and regions may be vastly diverse due to unique urban shrinkage patterns and their diverging implications on resulting governance processes.”
“This observation implies the need to approach CE transitions in these contexts, and possibly broader urban and regional settings, as a political process shaping and being shaped by the contextual interplay of distinct configurations of actors, institutions and discourses.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Satakunta · p. 5
“(Niemelä, 2017; Regional Council of Satakunta, 2017; Uhari, 2018)”
§ References · p. 16
“Niemelä, A. (2107, July 8)”
Citations
Cites
Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research: Notes on the Gioia Methodology
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2013) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428112452151 · Cited by 13,227
The Circular Economy–A new sustainability paradigm?
Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M. P., & Hultink, E. J. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048 · Cited by 9,360
Circular economy: The concept and its limitations
Korhonen, J., Honkasalo, A., & Seppälä, J. (2018) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.041 · Cited by 3,961
The revenge of the places that don’t matter (and what to do about it)
Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2018) · Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society · doi:10.1093/cjres/rsx024 · Cited by 2,229
Hajer, M. A., & Wagenaar, H. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511490934 · Cited by 1,784
A typology of circular economy discourses: navigating the diverse visions of a contested paradigm
Calisto Friant, M., Vermeulen, W. J. V., & Salomone, R. (2020) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104917 · Cited by 556
Conceptualizing Urban Shrinkage
Haase, A., Rink, D., Großmann, K., Bernt, M., & Mykhnenko, V. (2014) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a46269 · Cited by 494
Circular cities: mapping six cities in transition
Prendeville, S., Cherim, E., & Bocken, N. (2018) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2017.03.002 · Cited by 395
Shrinking cities and resource-based economy: The economic restructuring in China's mining cities
He, S. Y., Lee, J., Zhou, T., & Wu, D. (2016) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2016.07.009 · Cited by 310
Circular futures: what will they look like
Bauwens, T., Hekkert, M., & Kirchherr, J. (2020) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106703 · Cited by 279
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Beunen, 2016, Evolutionary Governance Theory
- Derks, 1996, Bevolking Limburg 1960-1995-2020
- Drisko, 2016, Content analysis
- Peet, 2013, Mijnsluiting en herstructurering, 528
- Rink, 2011, How shrinkage and local governance are interrelated across urban Europe: a comparative view
- Schepers, 2022, Regional Vision Parkstad Limburg, Opportunities for 5th generation district heating and cooling
- Smith, 2016, Narrative analysis, Analysing qualitative data in psychology, 2, 202
- Vartia, 2016, Satakunta industrial growth programme – Industrial Pilot – A proposal for the industrial growth programme in Satakunta
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Economic geography’s contribution to understanding the circular economy
Bourdin, S., & Torre, A. (2024) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lbae040 · Cited by 73
Critical geographies of the circular economy
Davies, A. R., Evenhuis, E., Williams, J., Avoyan, E., & Tyler, P. (2024) · Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society · doi:10.1093/cjres/rsae028 · Cited by 28
Self-citationMarjanović, M., & Lilius, J. (2025) · International Journal of Urban and Regional Research · doi:10.1111/1468-2427.70029 · Cited by 24
Self-citationBourdin, S., & Jacquet, N. (2025) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343404.2025.2563888 · Cited by 14
Catalyzing the Circular Economy: Socio-cultural and Spatial Trajectories in Industrial Ecosystems
Lampinen, M., Lehtimäki, H. P., & Mielonen, N. (2025) · Circular Economy · doi:10.55845/bhlo9795 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Marjanović, M., & Williams, J.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Advanced Studies Kőszeg (HU)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Marjanović, Marjan
- Venue
- Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2024-06-18
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 517-534
- ISSN
- 1752-1378 (ISSN-L)
- 1752-1386
- OpenAlex
- W4399759775
- Semantic Scholar
- a637a025e17d5d486ab027e20dbff405403ea9de
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 5.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urbanization and City Planning
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Sustainable Industrial Ecology
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Sustainable Supply Chain Management
- Keywords
- circular economy, shrinking cities, regional governance, Satakunta, circular construction, spatial restructuring, government funding
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mapping the emergence of the circular economy within the governance paths of shrinking cities and regions: a comparative study of Parkstad Limburg (NL) and Satakunta (FI). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/cjres/rsae019
- The paper
- Marjanović, M., & Williams, J. (2024). Mapping the emergence of the circular economy within the governance paths of shrinking cities and regions: a comparative study of Parkstad Limburg (NL) and Satakunta (FI). Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsae019
