The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lactobacilli and Bacteremia in Southern Finland, 1989-1992
Abstract
In order to assess the potential of lactobacilli to cause serious infections, we studied the prevalence of bacteremia due to Lactobacillus species during a 4-year period (1989-1992) in southern Finland, which has a population of about 2.5 million. Among 3,317 blood culture isolates, lactobacilli were identified in eight patients, five of whom had a severe disease predisposing to bacteremic complications. The eight strains isolated were identified to the species level and typed by carbohydrate fermentation tests and by direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified 16S rRNA. The results did not provide evidence that any particular species or subspecies of Lactobacillus was the cause of the infections; no infections caused by isolates similar to the recently introduced dairy probiotic strain, Lactobacillus GG (ATCC 53103), were observed. The data show an infrequent association of lactobacilli with bacteremic infections in spite of the ubiquitous presence of these organisms in the gastrointestinal tract and their widespread consumption in fermented milks; thus, there is strong evidence that their pathogenic potential is very low.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The prevalence of LB is generally low, comprising 0.1–0.2% of all isolates identified in blood cultures from hospitalized patients and 0.5% of blood isolates from immunocompromised patients [2,10,18,19,20].”
From Lactobacillus Bacteremia and Probiotics: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [19]
Citations
Cites
Rapid determination of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences for phylogenetic analyses.
Lane, D. J., Pace, B., Olsen, G. J., Stahl, D. A., Sogin, M. L., & Pace, N. R. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.20.6955 · Cited by 3,057
Isolauri, E., Juntunen, M., Rautanen, T., Sillanaukee, P., & Koivula, T. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 684
Survival ofLactobacillus species (strain GG) in human gastrointestinal tract
Goldin, B. R., Gorbach, S. L., Saxelin, M., Barakat, S., Gualtieri, L. N., & Salminen, S. (1992) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01308354 · Cited by 554
Self-citationLactobacillus Feeding Reduces Endotoxemia and Severity of Experimental Alcoholic Liver (Disease)
Nanji, A. A., Khettry, U., & Sadrzadeh, S. M. H. (1994) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-205-43703 · Cited by 436
Lactic acid bacteria and human clinical infection
Aguirre, M., & Collins, M. D. (1993) · Journal of Applied Bacteriology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb02753.x · Cited by 425
Enteral feeding of premature infants with Lactobacillus GG.
Millar, M. R., Bacon, C., Smith, S. L., Walker, V., & Hall, M. A. (1993) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.69.5_spec_no.483 · Cited by 242
Böttger, E. C. (1989) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1016/0378-1097(89)90386-8 · Cited by 210
(1994) · Bulletin de l Institut Pasteur · Cited by 194
Saxelin, M., Ahokas, M., & Salminen, S. (1993) · Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease · doi:10.3109/08910609309141315 · Cited by 51
Self-citationEffects of feeding lactobacillus GG on lethal irradiation in mice
Dong, M.-Y., Chang, T., & Gorbach, S. L. (1987) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/0732-8893(87)90063-0 · Cited by 35
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–185 of 185
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) and platelet aggregation in vitro
Korpela, R., Moilanen, E., Saxelin, M., & Vapaatalo, H. (1997) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0168-1605(97)00049-4 · Cited by 26
Self-citationAroutcheva, A., Auclair, J., Frappier, M., Millette, M., Lolans, K., de Montigny, D., Carrière, S., Sokalski, S., Trick, W. E., & Weinstein, R. A. (2016) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-016-9209-y · Cited by 25
Probiotics: A Review of Human Studies to Date and Methodological Approaches
Pathmakanthan, S., Mèance, S., & Edwards, C. A. (2000) · Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease · doi:10.3402/mehd.v12i2.8108 · Cited by 25
Hammes, W. P., & Hertel, C. (2015) · Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria · doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00604 · Cited by 25
Safety ofLactobacillusStrains Used as Probiotic Agents
Sipsas, N. V., Zonios, D. I., & Kordossis, T. (2002) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/339947 · Cited by 24
Functional Dairy Foods with Lactobacillus Strain GG
Seppo, S. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03827.x · Cited by 23
Probiotics: a new frontier for infection control
Seale, J. V., & Millar, M. R. (2013) · Journal of Hospital Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2013.01.005 · Cited by 22
Safety of Probiotics in Health and Disease
Daliri, E. B.-M., Lee, B. H., & Oh, D. H. (2019) · The Role of Functional Food Security in Global Health · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813148-0.00034-7 · Cited by 21
Bacteria and yeasts in the treatment of acute and chronic infectious diarrhea. Part I. Bacteria
Vandenplas, Y. (1999) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.1999.tb00148.x · Cited by 21
Lactobacillus curvatus CP2998 Prevents Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Myotubes
KATSUKI, R., SAKATA, S., Nakao, R., Oishi, K., & Nakamura, Y. (2019) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.65.455 · Cited by 20
Uncommon Pathogen, Lactobacillus, Causing Infective Endocarditis: Case Report and Review
Antoun, M., Hattab, Y., Akhrass, F.-A., & Hamilton, L. D. (2020) · Case Reports in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1155/2020/8833948 · Cited by 20
Living in the ‘post-antibiotic era’: could the use of probiotics be an effective strategy?
Hamilton-Miller, J. M. T. (1997) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00242.x · Cited by 20
Probiotics: A Review of Human Studies to Date and Methodological Approaches
Pathmakanthan, S. (2000) · Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease · doi:10.1080/089106000750060251 · Cited by 20
Lactobacillus bacteremia: Pathogen or prognostic marker?
Franko, B., Fournier, P., Jouve, T., Malvezzi, P., Pelloux, I., Brion, J. P., & Pavese, P. (2017) · Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses · doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2016.04.003 · Cited by 19
Investigation of inpatient probiotic use at an academic medical center
Simkins, J., Kaltsas, A., & Currie, B. P. (2012) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2012.11.010 · Cited by 21
Mikrobiologie, Wirkung und Sicherheit von Probiotika
de Vrese, M. (2008) · Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde · doi:10.1007/s00112-008-1829-1 · Cited by 18
In vitro inhibitory activity of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains against Candida albicans.
Denkova, R., Yanakieva, V., Denkova, Z. R., Nikolova, V., & Radeva, V. (2013) · BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE · Cited by 16
Potential hazards of probiotic bacteria for immunodeficient patients
Wagner, R. D., & Balish, E. (1998) · Bulletin de l Institut Pasteur · doi:10.1016/s0020-2452(98)80011-0 · Cited by 17
See, J. R. H., Czachor, J. S., & Brown, G. R. (2006) · Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1097/01.idc.0000202255.89175.81 · Cited by 16
Adawi, D., Molin, G., Ahrné, S., & Jeppsson, B. W. (2002) · Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease · doi:10.1080/089106002760002766 · Cited by 16
Human lactic acid microflora and its role in the welfare of the host.
Mikelsaar, M., Mändar, R., Sepp, E., Annuk, H., Salminen, S., & Ouwehand, A. C. (2004) · doi:10.1201/9780824752033-21 · Cited by 15
Self-citationPROBIOTICS, APPLICATIONS IN DAIRY PRODUCTS
Salminen, S., & Ouwehand, A. C. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-227235-8/00398-9 · Cited by 14
Self-citationWoo, P. C. Y., Lau, S. K. P., Lin, A. W. C., Curreem, S. O. T., Fung, A. M. Y., & Yuen, K. (2007) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.12.005 · Cited by 13
Probiotics upregulate MUC-2 mucin gene expression in a Caco-2 cell-culture model
Mattar, A., Teiltelbaum, D. H., & Drongowski, R. A. (2003) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-3468(03)00228-8 · Cited by 12
Awasthi, S., Wilken, R., Patel, F., German, J. B., Mills, D. A., Lebrilla, C. B., Kim, K., Freeman, S. L., Smilowitz, J. T., Armstrong, A. W., et al. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1467-1 · Cited by 11
Imhoff, A., & Karpa, K. D. (2009) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0884533608329232 · Cited by 11
The Role of Lactobacillus plantarum in Foods and in Human Health
Molin, G. (2003) · Functional foods & nutraceuticals series · doi:10.1201/9780203009727.ch13 · Cited by 10
Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Johnston, B., Wiebe, N., Crumley, E. T., Supina, A. L., & Vohra, S. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004827 · Cited by 11
Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria
Ansari, F., Bahadori, A., Samakkhah, S. A., Pirouzian, H. R., & Pourjafar, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28109-9_41 · Cited by 9
Probiotic Toxicity, Any Evidence?
Anukam, K. C. (2007) · Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.3923/jpt.2007.590.598 · Cited by 9
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Septicaemia in a Patient with a Graft in the Inferior Vena Cava
Søndenaa, K., Høiby, E. A., Digranes, A., & Jureen, R. (2002) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/713934029 · Cited by 8
Overall Safety Considerations and Regulatory Oversight for Probiotics‐based Foods and Beverages
Koirala, S., Thapa, S. P., & Anal, A. K. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119702160.ch18 · Cited by 8
Cochrane Review: Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea
Allen, S. J., Martinez, E. G., Gregorio, G. V., & Dans, L. F. (2011) · Evidence-Based Child Health A Cochrane Review Journal · doi:10.1002/ebch.873 · Cited by 7
Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria
Ansari, F., Bahadori, A., Samakkhah, S. A., Pirouzian, H. R., & Pourjafar, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81404-5_41-1 · Cited by 7
Aortic graft infection by Lactobacillus casei: a case report
Schoon, Y. (1998) · The Netherlands Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0300-2977(97)00079-x · Cited by 7
Safety evaluation of probiotics
Ouwehand, A. C., & Salminen, S. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781855736917.3.316 · Cited by 7
Self-citationMgbechidinma, C. L., Adegoke, C. O., & Ogunbanwo, S. T. (2020) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science Archive · doi:10.32553/ijpba.v8i2.165 · Cited by 6
Antibioticoterapia con probióticos
López-Brea, M., & Domingo, D. (2007) · Cited by 6
Risks of Biotherapeutic Agents
Surawicz, C. M., & McFarland, L. V. (1999) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-711-6_12 · Cited by 6
Herbs or Natural Products That Increase Cancer Growth or Recurrence: Part Two of a Four-Part Series
Montbriand, M. J. (2004) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/04.onf.e99-e115 · Cited by 6
An Update on Probiotic Safety and Efficacy
Naon, H. (2015) · Cited by 5
von Wright, A., Salminen, S., & Isolauri, E. (2003) · Reviews in food and nutrition toxicity · doi:10.1201/9780203634523.ch13 · Cited by 5
Self-citationProbiotics: Health benefits, efficacy and safety
Shah, N. P. (2010) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) · Cited by 4
Probiotics: A New Horizon for Treating Childhood Diarrhea in Bangladesh
Bari, A., & Islam, M. R. (2017) · Food and Nutrition Sciences · doi:10.4236/fns.2017.86043 · Cited by 4
Some Considerations for the Safety of Novel Probiotic Bacteria
Donohue, D., & Gueimonde, M. (2011) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b11503-25 · Cited by 4
Salminen, S., & Arvilommi, H. S. (2002) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/339948 · Cited by 4
Self-citationShah, N. P. (2010) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420087123-c26 · Cited by 3
Wu, W.-H., Lee, C., Chen, Y.-C., Chiang, M., & Chiu, C. (2023) · Pediatrics & Neonatology · doi:10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.05.013 · Cited by 3
The safety of lactic acid bacteria in foods
Adams, M. R. (1997) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1997.tb01061.x · Cited by 3
The Role of Probiotics in the Treatment and Prevention of Infectious Diarrhea in Children
Sarker, S. A., & Fuchs, G. J. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-289-6_11 · Cited by 3
Selección in vitro de microorganismos con potencial probiótico
Monteagudo-Mera, A. (2010) · doi:10.18002/10612/822 · Cited by 3
Studies on the impact of probiotic bacteria on enteric microbial diversity and immune response
Wu, X. (2006) · Research Online (University of Wollongong) · Cited by 3
Giang, H. H. (2010) · Epsilon Open Archive (Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet biblioteket (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences)) · Cited by 3
Kumar, A., Singh, R., Sehrawat, R., Kumar, N., & Pratibha, N. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4796-4_14 · Cited by 2
Does Lactobacillus GG prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children?
Johnston, B. C., Cramer, K., & Vohra, S. (2005) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/10.3.169 · Cited by 2
Probiotics and Prebiotics in Health
Shortt, C., Salminen, S., & Roberfroid, M. B. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56623-3_9 · Cited by 2
Self-citationFunctional Foods and Intestinal Functions: The Case of Probiotics and Prebiotics
CHADWICK, R. F., Henson, S., Moseley, B. E. B., Koenen, G., Liakopoulos, M., Midden, C. C., Palou, A., Rechkemmer, G., Schröder, D., & von Wright, A. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-05115-3_9 · Cited by 2
Cochrane review: Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea
Johnston, B., Supina, A. L., Ospina, M. B., & Vohra, S. (2008) · Evidence-Based Child Health A Cochrane Review Journal · doi:10.1002/ebch.238 · Cited by 2
Selection of Lactobacilli with Probiotic Properties
Denkova, Z. R., Мургов, И., & Slavchev, K. (2006) · Cited by 2
Functional foods and acute infections
Isolauri, E., & Salminen, S. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781855736436.2.167 · Cited by 2
Self-citationProbiyotiklerin Biyogüvenilirlik Özellikleri “Probiyotikler”
DEMİR, E., Kılıç, G. B., & Özbalcı, D. (2019) · Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology · doi:10.24925/turjaf.v7i4.639-645.2327 · Cited by 2
Safety of Novel Probiotic Bacteria
Donohue, D. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780824752033.ch19 · Cited by 2
Human Lactic Acid Microflora and Its Role in the Welfare of the Host
Mändar, R., Mikelsaar, M., Sepp, E., & Annuk, H. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780824752033.ch16 · Cited by 2
Safety Issues of Probiotic Ingestion
Mack, D. R. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-289-6_6 · Cited by 2
Probiotics in Paediatric Disorders
Kaur, I. P., Chopra, A., & Chopra, K. (2006) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Medicine · doi:10.2165/00124363-200620010-00004 · Cited by 2
Malinen, E. (2002) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 2
Determination of Infectivity Using Immunosuppressed Hosts
Chatterjee, S., & Chakraborty, T. (2022) · Methods and protocols in food science · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2509-5_32 · Cited by 1
Davidson, S., So, Y., Oscarsson, E., Håkansson, Å., & Sjöberg, K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-07535-z · Cited by 1
The Quality Control of Probiotics in Food and Dietary Supplements
Berman, S. H. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-289-6_24 · Cited by 1
Assessment of the Risk of Probiotics in Terms of the Food Safety and Human Health
Kalkan, S., Erginkaya, Z., Turhan, E. Ü., & Konuray, G. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24903-8_14 · Cited by 1
Nasr, A., & El-Aziz, M. S. A. (2013) · Cited by 1
Probiotics in Gastroenterology
Thayumanavan, L., Tarakeswari, M., & Muthukumaran, K. (2021) · Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endoscopy Practice · doi:10.4103/ghep.ghep_13_20 · Cited by 1
SEGURANÇA NO USO DE PROBIÓTICOS EM PACIENTES IMUNOCOMPROMETIDOS
Unterkircher, M. V., Gomes, T. T., Cardoso, E., Nakasato, M., & Vieira, L. P. (2012) · Brazilian Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.53855/bjt.v15i2.181 · Cited by 1
Effects of Proatherogenic and Probiotic Bacteria on Mast Cells and Inflammation
Oksaharju, A. (2012) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 1
Probiotic Foods and Dietary Supplements
Msagati, T. A. M. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118274132.ch18
Bacteriemia por Lactobacillus casei post-CPRE: a propósito de un caso
Alberte, A., de la Fuente, R., Pilar, C. A., & Pascual, P. P. (2003) · Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica · doi:10.1016/s0213-005x(03)72922-x
Current views on the use of probiotics in begnign diseases of the large intestine
Karamanolis, D. G., & Tzouvala, M. (2007) · Annals of Gastroenterology
Probiotics and the Immunocompromised Host
Rekhtman, Y., & Kaufman, S. S. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-289-6_16
Tambot, H. G., Yu, I., Cutrona, A. F., & Marnejon, T. P. (2010) · Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1097/ipc.0b013e3181b9d31d
Probiotics for the Prevention of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Kliegman, R. M. (2006) · Yearbook of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/s8756-5005(08)70196-3
Making a Niche as Promising Health Supplements and Complementary Medicines
Kaur, C., Sharma, A. R., Garg, A. K., Niazi, J., & Kumar, R. (2014)
Lazarenko, L. M., Bubnov, R. V., Babenko, L. P., Melnykova, O., & NIa, S. (2020) · ScienceRise Biological Science · doi:10.15587/2519-8025.2020.202216
Isolauri, E., & Rautava, S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818097-6.00012-2
Swapna, T. S., Ninawe, A. S., & Abdulhameed, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4284-3_16
Borody, T. J., & Conway, P. L. (2003) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-314-9_10
Metadata
- Authors
- Saxelin, M., Chuang, N.-H., Chassy, B., Rautelin, H., Makela, P. H., Salminen, S., & Gorbach, S. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Turku (FI)
- Tufts University (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1996-03-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 564-566
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- OpenAlex
- W2068824740
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 23.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Infections and bacterial resistance
- Keywords
- Lactobacillus, bacteremia, blood culture isolates, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, fermented milk, probiotics, gastrointestinal tract colonization, southern Finland
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Female, Finland, Humans, Lactobacillus, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Bacteremia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review