Cited by 954Mental Health Treatment and AccessSocial and Intergroup PsychologyPsychology and Mental Health

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Mental health stigma as social attribution: Implications for research methods and attitude change.

Corrigan, Patrick W.·2000·Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

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Abstract

The course and outcomes of mental illness are hampered by stigma and discrimination. Research on controllability attributions has mapped the relationships between signaling events, mediating stigma, emotional reactions, and discriminating behavior. In this article, I describe how an attribution model advances research questions related to mental health stigma in three areas. (1) Stigma research needs to examine signaling events related to psychiatric stigma including the label of mental illness, behaviors associated with psychiatric symptoms, and physical appearance. (2) Research into mediating knowledge structures needs to bridge information about controllability attributions with public attitudes about dangerousness and self-care. (3) Ways in which these knowledge structures lead to emotional reactions (pity, anger, and fear) as well as behavioral responses (helping and punishing behaviors) need to be examined. The attribution model has significant implications for social change strategies that seek to decrease mental illness stigma and discrimination.

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Using Popular Media to Change Attitudes and Bolster Knowledge About Autism Spectrum Disorder
Stern, S. C. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06120-5 · Cited by 5
“The adjective checklist was modeled after similar methods used to assess group-based attitudes (Corrigan, 2000; Kapp, 2018; Krueger, 1996; Niemann et al., 1994; Sahin et al., 1994; Siperstein et al., 1977; Stephan et al., 1993).”
Serial indirect effects of psychosocial causal beliefs and stigma on help-seeking preferences for depression
Tsai, I.-C., Kao, Y., & Lien, Y. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02683-7 · Cited by 5
“Conversely, if onset of symptoms is deemed uncontrollable, it may arouse positive emotion (i.e., sympathy) and provide help (Corrigan, 2000; Weiner et al., 1988).”
BackgroundInfluential
Self-stigma Among Children Living with Atopic Dermatitis in Hong Kong: a Qualitative Study
Xie, Q., & Liang, Z. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10059-9 · Cited by 5
“The CAB model was initially designed to understand public stigma [39, 40] and further used to explore self-stigma in minority groups with concealable identities, such as people with mental illness or HIV/AIDS [38, 41].”
Method
Impact on public attitudes of a mental health audio tour of the National Gallery in London
Riches, S., Steer, N., Vasile, R., Lyles, S., O'Reilly, L., Guiotto, M., Hughes, T., McKay, M., Westhead, M., Latham, R. M., et al. (2022) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13268 · Cited by 5
“Mental health stigma is characterized by discriminatory behaviours, prejudicial attitudes, and biased social structures towards those with mental health conditions (Corrigan, 2000).”
Background
Better Understanding the Population Size and Stigmatization of Psychologists Using Questionable Research Practices
Fox, N. W., Honeycutt, N., & Jussim, L. J. (2022) · Meta-Psychology · doi:10.15626/mp.2020.2601 · Cited by 6
Understanding public protective behavioural intention during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Moderating effects of proxy efficacy and collective efficacy
Cheng, P., Zhou, Y., Zhou, S., & Yang, S. C. (2023) · Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management · doi:10.1111/1468-5973.12451 · Cited by 6
Programa Saúde Mental Sem Estigma: Efeitos de Estratégias Diretas e Indiretas nas Atitudes Estigmatizantes
Oliveira, S. E. H., Carolino, L., & Paiva, A. (2012) · Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental · doi:10.19131/rpesm.0068 · Cited by 5
The Economic Impact of Mental Health Stigma
Romeo, R., McCrone, P., & Thornicroft, G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55266-8_27 · Cited by 5
Is China Ready For Dementia?
Chi, I. (2020) · Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.24966/and-9608/100041 · Cited by 5
La participación ciudadana en la prevención del delito. Antecedentes, debates y experiencias
de Castro, L. A. (1999) · Capítulo criminológico: revista de las disciplinas del Control Social · Cited by 5
Personality as a potential moderator of the relationship between stigma and help-seeking
Miller, P. J. (2009) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-833 · Cited by 5
“The general public infers mental illness based on four cues: psychiatric symptoms, social skills deficits, physical appearance, and labels (Corrigan, 2000; Corrigan, 2004; Penn & Martin, 1998).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Parents’ Experiences after Their Child’s Autism Diagnosis: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis
Hughes, R., Curley, K., & Kotera, Y. (2024) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint5030026 · Cited by 8
“Goffman [55] suggested that stigma occurs when an individual displays attributes considered different from society’s expectations of “normal”, potentially resulting in discrimination [56–58].”
Background
Challenging public stigma: the impact of a statewide social media campaign to reduce opioid use disorder stigma
Whipple, C. R., Kaynak, Ö., Kruis, N. E., Silesky, M. D., Bonnevie, E., Smyser, J., Saylor, E., Christopher, P. M., & Kensinger, W. S. (2024) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/09687637.2024.2416583 · Cited by 8
“…the onset of the disorder (e.g. controllability), conditions for maintaining the disorder (e.g. lack of effort), the stability of the disorder (e.g. ability to treat), and outcomes associated with the disorder (e.g. perceptions about negative behavior; Corrigan et al., 2000; Sattler et al., 2017).”
Caregivers’ causal attributions of their relatives’ mental illness and the association with stigma
Sagayadevan, V., Lau, Y. W., Zhang, Y., Jeyagurunathan, A., Shafie, S., Chang, S. S. H., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2019) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461519884384 · Cited by 4
“, higher stigma) rather than empathy (Adewuya & Makanjuola, 2008; Angermeyer et al., 2011; Corrigan, 2000; Subramaniam et al., 2017; Weiner, Perry, & Magnusson, 1988).”
Background
The Fear of Being Associated with Sexual Minority Close Others: Socio-Cultural Predictors of Sexual Minority Affiliate Stigma
Yao, E., Li, Y., & Wang, C. (2021) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-020-09801-w · Cited by 4
“Stigmatization is often conceptualized as negative biases, prejudicial attitudes, and discriminatory behaviors associated with discredited social groups (e.g., Corrigan 2000; Crocker et al.”
Background
Psychiatric Stigma in Developing Societies
Shafti, S. S. (2021) · Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews · doi:10.31579/2692-9406/042 · Cited by 4
“are in most cases related to a biased prejudice and/or stereotype [31, 32].”
Background
Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Among Patients, Their Relatives and Healthy Residents in Zhangjiajie
Chen, X., Liao, Z., Huang, S., Huang, Q., Lin, S., Li, Y., Shao, T., Tang, Y., Hao, J., Qi, J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.808461 · Cited by 4
Schizophrenia as a Public Health Problem
Evans, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29042-8_1 · Cited by 6
The relationships of autistic child characteristics, metacognitive beliefs, and autistic traits with affiliate stigma among parents of children with autism spectrum conditions: A moderated mediation study
Ma, Y., Lee, L. Y., Wang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102315 · Cited by 4
Comparing brief video interventions to reduce public and self‐stigma: Randomized control trial
Amsalem, D., Jankowski, S. E., Markowitz, J. C., Stroup, T. S., Dixon, L. B., & Pope, L. G. (2024) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13524 · Cited by 5
Deconstructing Alzheimer's Stigma: Gender identities correspond with patterns of internalization and judgment
Stites, S. D., Midgett, S., Largent, E. A., Harkins, K. A., Krieger, A. Μ., Sankar, P. L., & Brown, L. A. (2024) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Open Science Education and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.osep.2024.11.003 · Cited by 4
NURSES' PERCEPTIONS ON THE READMISSION OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS ONE YEAR AFTER DISCHARGE
Nxasana, T., & Thupayagale‐Tshweneagae, G. (2016) · Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery · doi:10.25159/2520-5293/1490 · Cited by 4
Anonymity or visibility? An investigation of stigma and Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) services using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA)
Knight, M. T. D., & Moloney, M. (2005) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638230500271329 · Cited by 4
“Its impact upon service-users is often deleterious, and may be disabling concerning an individual’s self-esteem and chance of recovery (Corrigan, 2000; Link, 2001a, b).”
Background
Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma of mental illness among people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, West Africa
Shittu, R. O., Issa, B. A., Olanrewaju, G. T., Odeigah, L. O., Sanni, M. A., & Aderibigbe, S. A. (2014) · Cited by 4
A prospective cohort study of community functioning among psychiatric outpatients
Chan, A. H. L., Wong, S. Y. S., & Chien, W. T. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.019 · Cited by 4
“According to the attribution model, discrimination is the behavioral consequence of stigma that results from stereotypes and prejudices towards people with mental illness (Corrigan, 2000).”
Échelle de stigmatisation familiale dans la maladie d’Alzheimer (ESF-MA) : une adaptation et validation française
Daňko, M., Gély-Nargeot, M.-C., & Raffard, S. (2018) · Pratiques Psychologiques · doi:10.1016/j.prps.2017.12.004 · Cited by 4
The Three Cs of Disclosing Serious Mental Illness at Work: Control, Conditions, Costs
Baldwin, M. L. (2021) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202000160 · Cited by 4
“Stereotypes of persons with mental illness as incompetent, unreliable, unpredictable, responsible for their illness, and even dangerous, are widespread in the general population (7, 12, 13).”
Background
“The Depressed” and “People with Anxiety” therapists’ discursive representations of patients with depression and anxiety in Danish Psychiatry
Christensen, A. B., Dyrloev, K., Hoej, M., Poulsen, S., Reinholt, N., & Arnfred, S. (2023) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/13634593231173802 · Cited by 4
“Typically, such attributions have fallen into two main categories, psycho-social versus bio-genetic, and bio-genetic etiological beliefs about mental health problems have been promoted in the attempt to reduce stigma (Corrigan, 2000; Morgan, 2018).”
Background
Prescription drug advertising and consumer stigma about depression: The moderating role of skepticism toward advertising
Park, J. (2016) · Journal of Communications In Healthcare · doi:10.1080/17538068.2016.1235530 · Cited by 4
Korean Society’s Perception toward Suicide: “Us” and “Them” Represented in a TV Documentary
이하나, & 안순태 (2015) · Health and Social Welfare Review · doi:10.15709/hswr.2015.35.4.309 · Cited by 4
Stigma towards schizophrenia in Cyprus: Does studying a mental health related programme make a difference?
Nikolaou, E., & Petkari, E. (2021) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640211010208 · Cited by 4
“…cognitive approach, the concept of public stigma has been commonly considered as the combination of stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination (Corrigan, 2000; Kordosi et al., 2015), whereas Thornicroft et al. (2016) adopted a more practical-oriented view, and approached social stigma based…”
Background
Whose responsibility? Part 2 of 2: views of patients, families, and clinicians about responsibilities for addressing the needs of persons with mental health problems in Chennai, India and Montreal, Canada
Iyer, S. N., MALLA, A. K., Pope, M. A., Mustafa, S., Mohan, G., THARA, R., Schmitz, N., Joober, R., Shah, J. L., Margolese, H. C., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-021-00511-w · Cited by 4
Development of the Biases toward Children with Psychological and Behavioral Disorders Scale
Hirsch, J. A. (2013) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/08.07.pr0.113x26z0 · Cited by 4
“…people with mental illness exist in most cultures ( Gaebel, Zaske, Cleveland, Zielasek, Stuart, Florez, et al., 2011 ) and can have profoundly detrimental eff ects on the people who are rejected due to stigma ( Corrigan, 2000 ; Peris, Teachman, & Nosek, 2008 ; Barney, Corser, & White, 2010 ).”
Background
Generalist Nurses Caring for Patients with Mental Illness in a Non-Psychiatric Setting
Bird, P. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/5daq-dc80 · Cited by 4
Using persuasive messages to increase engagement with mental health video game apps
Khan, S., & Peña, J. F. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816958-2.00016-2 · Cited by 4
Stigma in the Social Life among Mothers Having Children with Intellectual Disabilities: Challenges and Suggestions
Mourya, R. K., Singh, R. N., & Rai, A. (2016) · International Journal of Indian Psychology · doi:10.25215/0303.198 · Cited by 4
“The negative attitudes and stereotypes about a discredited subgroup lead to prejudice and discrimination toward such subgroups (Corrigan, 2000; Corrigan & Watson, 2002).”
Background
Expanding understanding of mental health recovery: effects of stigma and working alliance on the quality of life of persons with severe mental disabilities receiving community-based case management services
Kondrat, D. C. (2009) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e500392011-016 · Cited by 4
“The signal is the first step in the stigma process (Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundInfluential
Psychometric properties of the Depression Stigma Scale in the Portuguese population and its association with gender and depressive symptomatologyPreprint
da Conceição, V., Rothes, I., Severo, M., Griffiths, K. M., Hegerl, U., & Gusmão, R. M. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.09.14.20194167 · Cited by 4
Assessing knowledge of suicide: a systematic review of available instrumentsPreprint
Porte, A., Wathelet, M., Grandgenèvre, P., Vaïva, G., & Notredame, C.-É. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xqgc8 · Cited by 4

Authors: Corrigan, P. W.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author: Corrigan, Patrick W.
ORCID: Corrigan, Patrick W.
Venue: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2000
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Pages: 48-67
ISSN: 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
1468-2850
DOI: 10.1093/clipsy.7.1.48
OpenAlex: W1981532063
Cited by: 954
References: 171
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 22.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 5722 d)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Keywords: mental health stigma, social attribution, attitude change, stigma reduction, discrimination against people with mental illness

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Mental health stigma as social attribution: Implications for research methods and attitude change.

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