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Mental health stigma as social attribution: Implications for research methods and attitude change.
Abstract
The course and outcomes of mental illness are hampered by stigma and discrimination. Research on controllability attributions has mapped the relationships between signaling events, mediating stigma, emotional reactions, and discriminating behavior. In this article, I describe how an attribution model advances research questions related to mental health stigma in three areas. (1) Stigma research needs to examine signaling events related to psychiatric stigma including the label of mental illness, behaviors associated with psychiatric symptoms, and physical appearance. (2) Research into mediating knowledge structures needs to bridge information about controllability attributions with public attitudes about dangerousness and self-care. (3) Ways in which these knowledge structures lead to emotional reactions (pity, anger, and fear) as well as behavioral responses (helping and punishing behaviors) need to be examined. The attribution model has significant implications for social change strategies that seek to decrease mental illness stigma and discrimination.
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“it became apparent in our framework refinement process that, particularly in mental health, stigma (e.g. self-stigma, family/community stigma, provider stigma, organizational or institutional-level stigma) is a force that can exert powerful influences on perceptions of mental health issues and treatments across all social actors and processes—including those in the intervention domain [39–42].”
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“…people with and without schizophrenia or bipolar disorder), and protest (suppress negative attitudes toward schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) (Corrigan, 2000; Corrigan et al., 2001; Thornicroft et al., 2016), and b) micro: help patients correctly understand their conditions, support them,…”
BackgroundStigma and intellectual disability: A review of related measures and future directions
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“The cognitive and affective response of prejudice leads to the behavioral reaction of discrimination (Crocker, Major, & Steele, 1998), including avoidant behavior, increased social distance (Corrigan, 2002), hostile behavior (Weiner, 1995) and withholding help (Corrigan, 2000).”
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“A feminist study by Berggren-Clive (1998) found that the word depression was a source of embarrassment and many other studies from a medical approach concluded that the medical label of a mental illness actually increases stigma (Haywood & Bright, 1997; Corrigan, 2000; Prince & Prince, 2002).”
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Stanhope, V., & Dunn, K. (2011) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2011.07.006 · Cited by 107
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“It is interesting that those with severe mental health difficulties may neglect their physical appearance and personal hygiene, reflecting a neglect in self-care (Corrigan 2000; First et al.”
BackgroundAssessing Mental Illness Stigma: A Complex Issue
Mannarini, S., & Rossi, A. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02722 · Cited by 116
“Conversely, if the cause of mental disorders is attributed to an individual’s character that is considered an internal cause, people would be less willing to interact with him/her (Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialCaron, J., Fleury, M., Perreault, M., Crocker, A. G., Tremblay, J., Tousignant, M., Kestens, Y., Cargo, M., & Daniel, M. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-183 · Cited by 100
“Stigma adds to environmental stressors, promotes relapse and increases the burden of illness [21,22].”
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“Corrigan (2000) suggests that a shift in attributions, from controllable to uncontrollable, may correspond with a change in feelings, from anger to sympathy, which should augment helping behavior.”
BackgroundZhang, Y., Subramaniam, M., Lee, S. P., Abdin, E., Sagayadevan, V., Jeyagurunathan, A., Chang, S. S. H., Shafie, S., Fauziana, R., Vaingankar, J. A., et al. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.044 · Cited by 89
“It involves the processes of labeling, stereotyping, separation, emotional reaction, status loss and discrimination (Corrigan, 2000; Link and Phelan, 2001).”
Oliveira, A. M., Machado, D., Fonseca, J. B., Palha, F., Moreira, P. S., Sousa, N., Cerqueira, J., & Morgado, P. F. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00326 · Cited by 92
HIV/AIDS Stigma and Religiosity Among African American Women
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“For example, when a mental illness is understood as a chemical imbalance, and treated as uncontrollable, people with such a condition are more likely to receive sympathy and less likely to be stigmatized (Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundA Threatening Space?: Stigmatization and the Framing of Autism in the News
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“What conditions are suffi cient for a child to perceive a set of cues as signaling a specifi c ingroup or outgroup? What are these cues vis-à-vis mental illness? What are the cues that suggest mental illness groupness? Research on adult samples show that the general public infers mental illness from four signals: psyc…”
BackgroundSelf-citationSandhu, H. S., Arora, A. K., Brasch, J. S., & Streiner, D. L. (2018) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743718792193 · Cited by 104
Understanding public stigma toward substance dependence
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“In an effort to guide stigma research and interventions toward effective and lasting change, the process of stigmatization must be thoroughly understood (Corrigan, 2000).”
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“Future research should adopt a longitudinal perspective and measure variables tied to theoretical frameworks of attitude development and the stigma of child mental health (Corrigan, 2000).”
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Flynn, S., Gask, L., Appleby, L., & Shaw, J. J. (2016) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1209-4 · Cited by 97
“that people may be reluctant to engage with services due to self-stigma (personal views about mental illness) [36] and the public stigma (society’s perception of mental illness) [37].”
BackgroundChanging Children’s Attitudes Toward Autism: A Process of Persuasive Communication
Campbell, J. M. (2006) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-006-9015-7 · Cited by 84
“Therefore, it is not known whether individuals with autism (either children or adults) are subject to the three stigmas associated with severe mental illness as is the case for other specific mental disorders, such as schizophrenia (Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundFrom Whence Comes Mental Illness Stigma?
Watson, A. C., Ottati, V., & Corrigan, P. W. (2003) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764003049002007 · Cited by 85
Self-citationThe role of perceived norms in the stigmatization of mental illness
Norman, R. M. G., Sorrentino, R. M., Windell, D., & Manchanda, R. (2008) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0375-4 · Cited by 81
“A central focus of theory and research about the stigmatization of mental illness has been on the importance of negative stereotypical beliefs [5, 18, 36].”
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“Contact-based education involving personal experiences conveyed by people with mental illness can decrease anxiety, increase empathy, encourage personal connections and contribute to the awareness of mental disorders and their consequences (Corrigan, 2000; Pettigrew & Tropp, 2008).”
Johnson, R., Harkins, K. A., Cary, M. S., Sankar, P. L., & Karlawish, J. H. (2015) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.08.031 · Cited by 79
Persuading People with Depression to Seek Help: Respect the Boomerang
Lienemann, B. A., Siegel, J. T., & Crano, W. D. (2012) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2012.712091 · Cited by 79
“Perceived stigma is depressed people’s perception of the public’s negative and erroneous attitudes and stereotypes about those suffering from depression (Bagley & King, 2005; Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundCognitive–Behavioural Intervention for People with Intellectual Disability and Anxiety Disorders
Dagnan, D., & Jahoda, A. J. (2006) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2005.00283.x · Cited by 79
Stigma Toward Substance Dependence: Causes, Consequences, and Potential Interventions
Krendl, A. C., & Perry, B. L. (2023) · Gothic.net · doi:10.1177/15291006231198193 · Cited by 97
“Prior work attempting to characterize the affective responses to stigma has primarily focused on fear and anger (Boysen et al., 2020; P. W. Corrigan, 2000; P. W. Corrigan et al., 2002; Janulis et al., 2013; Sattler et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialPTSD, stigma and barriers to help-seeking within the UK Armed Forces
Murphy, D., & Busuttil, W. (2014) · Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps · doi:10.1136/jramc-2014-000344 · Cited by 79
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Yeap, R., & Low, W. Y. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 76
Seeking help for psychological distress: Barriers for mental health professionals
Edwards, J. L., & Crisp, D. A. (2016) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12146 · Cited by 75
“…can also hold negative attitudes towards mental illness despite having high mental health literacy (Bayar, Poyraz, Aksoy-Poyraz, & Arikan, 2009; Corrigan, 2000; Gras et al., 2014; Jorm, 2014; Jorm, Korten, Jacomb, Christensen, & Henderson, 1999; Lauber, Nordt, Braunschweig, & Rössler, 2006;…”
The personal meaning of romantic relationships for young people with psychosis
Redmond, C., Larkin, M., & Harrop, C. E. (2010) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104509341447 · Cited by 72
Can Raising Awareness about the Psychological Causes of Obesity Reduce Obesity Stigma?
Khan, S. S., Tarrant, M., Weston, D., Shah, P., & Farrow, C. V. (2017) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2017.1283566 · Cited by 79
“Conversely, focusing on the psychological etiology of obesity may inhibit the expression of weight stigma by bringing to mind factors over which individuals have little control (as is the case formental health stigma: see Corrigan, 2000).”
Dynamics of Stigma for Alcohol and Mental Health Treatment Among Army Soldiers
Gibbs, D. A., Olmsted, K. R., Brown, J. M., & Clinton‐Sherrod, A. M. (2011) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2011.534409 · Cited by 71
“Stigma is particularly likely to surface in situations in which affected persons are perceived to represent a danger to others or when they are seen as somehow responsible for their condition (Corrigan, 2000; Corrigan, Kuwabara, & O’Shaughnessy, 2009; Corrigan & Penn, 1999).”
BackgroundGrover, S., Avasthi, A., Singh, A., Dan, A., Neogi, R., Kaur, D., Lakdawala, B. M., Rozatkar, A. R., Nebhinani, N., Patra, S., et al. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.027 · Cited by 71
Stigma as a Barrier to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment
McFarling, L., D'Angelo, M., Drain, M., Gibbs, D. A., & Olmsted, K. R. (2011) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2011.534397 · Cited by 70
“Numerous studies have addressed the attitudes and beliefs contributing to stigmatization of mental health issues generally (Corrigan, 2000; Corrigan & Watson, 2002; Vogel, Wade, & Haake, 2006; Vogel, Wade, & Hackler, 2007) and within military populations (Dickstein, Vogt, Handa, & Litz, 2010; Hoge…”
BackgroundStigma and Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of evidence, theory, and methods.
Werner, P. (2013) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14297-012 · Cited by 70
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
(2020) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089 · Cited by 70
Middle School Students' Response to the Self-Introduction of a Student With Autism
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Beyond attributions: Understanding public stigma of mental illness with the common sense model.
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“Stability refers to the expected course of the illness and the degree to which the illness will remain unchanged over time (Corrigan, 2000). The other attribution is controllability, which refers to the amount of volitional control individuals can exert over their illnesses. When the symptoms of mental illness are dee…”
BackgroundInfluentialExpanding current understandings of epistemic injustice and dementia: Learning from stigma theory
Young, J. A., Lind, C., Orange, J. B., & Savundranayagam, M. Y. (2019) · Journal of Aging Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2019.01.003 · Cited by 77
Examining differences in the stigma of depression and schizophrenia
Norman, R. M. G., Windell, D., & Manchanda, R. (2010) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764010387062 · Cited by 68
“…or difficult to interact with; and (d) unlikely to recover even with treatment (Angermeyer and Matschinger, 2005b; Angermeyer et al., 2003; Corrigan, 2000; Feldman and Crandall, 2007; Background: Although there is evidence of greater stigmatization of schizophrenia in comparison to…”
BackgroundTanaka, C., Tuliao, M. T., Tanaka, E., Yamashita, T., & Matsuo, H. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1902-9 · Cited by 68
“Public stigma, the general public’s reaction towards a stigmatised group, can be conceptualised as having three distinct elements [8].”
BackgroundReducing Mental Health Stigma Through Identification With Video Game Avatars With Mental Illness
Ferchaud, A., Seibert, J., Sellers, N., & Escobar Salazar, N. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02240 · Cited by 67
“One such paradigm is the social cognitive approach, which suggests that stigma signals, or cues, lead to the construction of stereotypes, leading to discriminatory patterns of behavior (Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundState of the art of population-based attitude research on mental health: a systematic review
Angermeyer, M. C., & Schomerus, G. (2016) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796016000627 · Cited by 67
“…effects: while attribution theory stressed the importance of blame and the potential of biogenetic causal models of mental illness to relieve it (Corrigan, 2000), genetic essentialism predicted a deepening divide between persons with and without mental illness, should mental illness be…”
BackgroundEksteen, H.-C., Becker, P., & Lippi, G. (2017) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764017735865 · Cited by 67
“By focusing on these cognitive and behavioural features, it allows one to assess different elements of stigmatizing attitudes and behaviours and their modifiability by anti-stigma interventions (Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundZuckerman, K. E., Lindly, O. J., Reyes, N., Chavez, A. E., Cobian, M., Macias, K., Reynolds, A., & Smith, K. A. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3586-x · Cited by 85
The Prevalence of Delusion-Like Beliefs Relative to Sociocultural Beliefs in the General Population
Pechey, R., & Halligan, P. W. (2010) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000319788 · Cited by 67
The conflict between random assignment and treatment preference: implications for internal validity
Corrigan, P. W., & Salzer, M. S. (2003) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/s0149-7189(03)00014-4 · Cited by 66
Self-citationTaylor, B. G., Lamuda, P. A., Flanagan, E. A., Watts, E. A., Pollack, H. A., & Schneider, J. A. (2021) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2021.1949611 · Cited by 65
“Based on the familiarity hypothesis (Corrigan, 2000) and related research on mental illness and stigma (Corrigan & Nieweglowski, 2018), we expect that lived personal or indirect experiences through family members or friends with opioid misuse will increase tolerance and lower stigma.”
BackgroundStereotypes, prejudice and discrimination of women with anorexia nervosa
Stewart, M., Schiavo, R. S., Herzog, D. B., & Franko, D. L. (2008) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.849 · Cited by 64
“Social-cognitive models identify three cognitive and behavioural structures that comprise stigma (Corrigan, 2000; Corrigan & Rusch, 2002; Corrigan & Watson, 2002, p. 37–38): (1) Stereotypes: knowledge structures, such as beliefs and expectations, about groups of individuals; (2) Prejudice:…”
BackgroundZeng, C., Li, L., Hong, Y. A., Zhang, H., Babbitt, A., Liu, C., Li, L., Qiao, J., Guo, Y., & Cai, W. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5053-1 · Cited by 64
“On the other hand, PLWH who view themselves as persons responsible for their own behaviors are likely to experience intensive shame and guilt towards themselves [6].”
BackgroundPsychotherapy for self-stigma among rural clients.
Larson, J. E., & Corrigan, P. W. (2010) · Journal of clinical psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20679 · Cited by 60
Self-citationVilaza, G. N., & McCashin, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2021.689736 · Cited by 60
“However, this data can be susceptible to cyber-attacks, and the disclosure of intimate details individuals may prefer not to make public (38).”
BackgroundFraser, S., Kenyon, V., Lagacé, M., Wittich, W., & Southall, K. E. (2015) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnv094 · Cited by 62
“When stereotypical representations are portrayed (in positive or negative language), it is important, as a society, to protest these representations (Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundFollmer, K. B., & Jones, K. S. (2017) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12455 · Cited by 62
The INTER NOS group, Olmo-Romero, F. D., González-Blanco, M., Sarró, S., Grácio, J., Martı́n-Carrasco, M., Martinez-Cabezón, A. C., Perna, G., Pomarol‐Clotet, E., Varandas, P., et al. (2018) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-018-0867-5 · Cited by 63
“This unexpected result conflicts with research using AQ-27 and the attributional model in which is based, in which different levels of attributed responsibility mediate different cognitive, emotional and behavioural responses towards persons with mental illness [67, 68].”
Post-traumatic effects in policing: perceptions, stigmas and help seeking behaviours
Heffren, C. D. J., & Hausdorf, P. A. (2014) · Police Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/15614263.2014.958488 · Cited by 60
“Educating the general public on issues surrounding mental health can help replace stigmas with more supportive conceptions (Corrigan, 2000, 2004).”
BackgroundAttitudes and stigma toward seeking psychological help among Saudi Adults
Alluhaibi, B. A., & Awadalla, A. W. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00923-4 · Cited by 68
“Subsequent work [14, 15] categorized stigma into two distinct types of public stigma and self-stigma that may work together to form a barrier to seeking mental health services.”
BackgroundMeasuring the Internalized Stigma of Parents of Persons With a Serious Mental Illness
Zisman‐Ilani, Y., Levy‐Frank, I., Hasson‐Ohayon, I., Kravetz, S., Mashiach‐Eizenberg, M., & Roe, D. (2013) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3182845d00 · Cited by 58
“Public stigma refers to the endorsement of prejudice and discrimination attitudes toward persons with mental illness by the general public (Corrigan, 2000; Farina, 1998; Phelan et al., 2000).”
Grover, S., Singh, A., & Mattoo, S. (2016) · Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0971-9962.181095 · Cited by 58
Hassantabar, S., Zhang, J., Yin, H., & Jha, N. K. (2022) · ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3527170 · Cited by 71
“Apart from various conditions that these mental health disorders may cause, stereotypes related to mental health seem to still be widely prevalent in society, not just among uninformed people but even among well-trained professionals [12].”
BackgroundDempster, R. M., Davis, D. W., Jones, V. F., Keating, A., & Wildman, B. G. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-015-9433-8 · Cited by 68
“Corrigan (2000) refers to this as the social attribution model of mental health stigma.”
Caregiver experience in mental illness: A perspective from a rural community in South Africa
Mavundla, T. R., Tóth, F., & Mphelane, M. L. (2009) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0349.2009.00624.x · Cited by 57
“punishing behaviour) of such individuals and their families (Corrigan 2000; Dain 1992; Jones et al. 1984).”
BackgroundCampos, L., Dias, P., Palha, F., Duarte, A., & Veiga, E. (2016) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy15-2.dppq · Cited by 57
The effects of psychiatric and “biological” labels on lay sentencing and punishment decisions
Berryessa, C. M. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-018-9322-x · Cited by 56
“This suggests that some stigmas link Bdiscriminative stimuli^ and Bdiscriminatory behavior^ in sentencing contexts, supporting social cognitive theories of public stigma of mental health (Corrigan 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialCompetence and warmth stereotypes prompt mental illness stigma through emotions
Sadler, M. S., Kaye, K. E., & Vaughn, A. A. (2015) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12323 · Cited by 64
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Ng, C. K. M., Lam, S. H. F., Tsang, S. T. K., Yuen, C. M. C., & Chien, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051799 · Cited by 65
“Stigma in general is a set of prejudicial attitudes, discriminatory behaviors, stereotypes, and biased social structures upheld by a sizeable group about a discredited subgroup [25].”
BackgroundMa, K. K. Y., Burn, A., & Anderson, J. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12609 · Cited by 87
“Recovery Speaks”: A Photovoice Intervention to Reduce Stigma Among Primary Care Providers
Flanagan, E. H., Buck, T., Gamble, A., Hunter, C., Sewell, I., & Davidson, L. (2016) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201500049 · Cited by 54
“Providers were assessed by using Link and Phelan’s (7) and Corrigan’s (8) definitions of stigma.”
MethodStuhlmiller, C. M., & Tolchard, B. (2018) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2018.06.004 · Cited by 54
Amsalem, D., Yang, L. H., Jankowski, S. E., Lieff, S. A., Markowitz, J. C., & Dixon, L. B. (2020) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa114 · Cited by 57
“For the Stereotyping domain, we drew items from the General Social Survey28 to assess the perception of a person with schizophrenia’s: ability to (1) make treatment decisions and (2) manage money, and the likelihood of (3) violence toward others and (4) violence toward oneself (Cronbach’s alpha = .”
MethodTippin, G. K., & Maranzan, K. A. (2019) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12590 · Cited by 55
Hegarty, P. (2010) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419891003634356 · Cited by 58
“In addition to sexual orientation stigma, the theory has been tested in domains such as obesity (Crandall, 1994), mental illness (Corrigan, 2000), and HIV/AIDS related stigma (Dooley, 1995).”
BackgroundParents’ Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Psychiatric Labels for ADHD and Depression
Ohan, J. L., Visser, T. A. W., Moss, R. G., & Allen, N. B. (2013) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201200578 · Cited by 52
“tive impact on a socially devalued group) (9).”
BackgroundFerrari, M., Flora, N., Anderson, K. K., Tuck, A. C., Archie, S., Kidd, S. A., & McKenzie, K. J. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006562 · Cited by 52
Muñoz, M., Guillén, A., Pérez-Santos, E., & Corrigan, P. (2015) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000059 · Cited by 52
“Corrigan (2000) applied attribution theory to mental illness and included the responsibility model as an important part of the explanation of stigma.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationStrategies for reducing stigma toward persons with mental illness.
Penn, D. L., & Couture, S. M. (2002) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 52
Perry, A., Lawrence, V., & Henderson, C. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112974 · Cited by 51
Internalised stigma in adults with autism: A German multi-center survey
Bachmann, C., Höfer, J., Kamp‐Becker, I., Küpper, C. S., Poustka, L., Roepke, S., Roessner, V., Stroth, S., Wolff, N., & Hoffmann, F. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.04.023 · Cited by 60
de Sousa, S., Marques, A. J., Curral, R., & Queirós, C. M. L. (2012) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/s2237-60892012000400004 · Cited by 51
Schroder, H. S., Duda, J. M., Christensen, K., Beard, C., & Björgvinsson, Þ. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.061 · Cited by 59
Sher, I., McGinn, L., Sirey, J. A., & Meyers, B. (2005) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.56.5.564 · Cited by 50
Managing the terror of a dangerous world: Political attitudes as predictors of mental health stigma
DeLuca, J. S., & Yanos, P. T. (2015) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764015589131 · Cited by 50
“*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001. research linking cognitive processes to future discriminatory behavior (e.g. Corrigan, 2000; Tajfel, 1969).”
BackgroundFactors Influencing Stigma Toward Individuals Who Have Substance Use Disorders
Witte, T. H., Wright, A., & Stinson, E. A. (2019) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1560469 · Cited by 51
“, 2011) and are potentially dangerous (Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMcKenzie, K., Gregory, J., & Hogg, L. I. (2021) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2021_35_528 · Cited by 49
Stigma, American military personnel and mental health care: challenges from Iraq and Afghanistan
Schreiber, M., & McEnany, G. P. (2015) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2014.971147 · Cited by 48
“The person with psychological challenges will feel more responsible for their condition, culminating in negative feelings and internalized stigma (Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundRiffel, T., & Chen, S. (2020) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-020-09809-3 · Cited by 48
Negative Emotion Arousal and Altruism Promoting of Online Public Stigmatization on COVID-19 Pandemic
Chen, X., Huang, C., Wang, H., Wang, W., Ni, X., & Li, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.652140 · Cited by 50
“Attribution theory has been incorporated to analysis the attributions stigmatized behaviors(Corrigan, 2000; Phelan, 2005), which is a theory states the attributions people make about the cause of an outcome influence emotions, perceptions and behavior toward the individual affected by the”
BackgroundMental health consumer and caregiver perceptions of stigma in Australian community pharmacies
Knox, K., Fejzic, J., Mey, A., Fowler, J., Kelly, F., McConnell, D., Hattingh, L., & Wheeler, A. (2013) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764013503149 · Cited by 48
“The social-cognitive model (Corrigan, 2000; Corrigan & Watson, 2002) was used to understand how consumers’ and caregivers’ experiences in community pharmacy translate into perception of self- and public stigma.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPrevalence and correlates of anomalous experiences in a large non‐clinical sample
Pechey, R., & Halligan, P. W. (2011) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02024.x · Cited by 48
Measuring Stigma Among Abortion Providers: Assessing the Abortion Provider Stigma Survey Instrument
Martin, L. A., Debbink, M. P., Hassinger, J. A., Youatt, E. J., Eagen‐Torkko, M. K., & Harris, L. H. (2014) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2014.919981 · Cited by 53
Examining Cues that Signal Mental Illness Stigma
Schumacher, M. R., Corrigan, P. W., & DeJong, T. M. (2003) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.22.5.467.22926 · Cited by 48
Self-citationAli, A., King, M., Strydom, A., & Hassiotis, A. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1133-z · Cited by 47
“The social cognitive model of stigma involves cognitive, behavioural and emotional aspects presenting as stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination towards the marginalised group [7, 8].”
BackgroundReliability of a composite measure of social inclusion for people with psychiatric disabilities
Lloyd, C., Waghorn, G., Best, M., & Gemmell, S. (2008) · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1630.2007.00656.x · Cited by 48
Lee, A. A., Laurent, S. M., Wykes, T. L., Andren, K. A. K., Bourassa, K. A., & McKibbin, C. L. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0764-1 · Cited by 46
Ayazi, T., Lien, L., Eide, A. H., Shadar, E. J. S., & Hauff, E. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0775-y · Cited by 47
Metadata
- Authors
- Corrigan, P. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Corrigan, Patrick W.
- ORCID
- Corrigan, Patrick W.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
- Published
- 2000
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-67
- ISSN
- 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2850
- OpenAlex
- W1981532063
- Cited by
- 954
- References
- 171
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 22.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- mental health stigma, social attribution, attitude change, stigma reduction, discrimination against people with mental illness
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