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Mental health stigma as social attribution: Implications for research methods and attitude change.
Abstract
The course and outcomes of mental illness are hampered by stigma and discrimination. Research on controllability attributions has mapped the relationships between signaling events, mediating stigma, emotional reactions, and discriminating behavior. In this article, I describe how an attribution model advances research questions related to mental health stigma in three areas. (1) Stigma research needs to examine signaling events related to psychiatric stigma including the label of mental illness, behaviors associated with psychiatric symptoms, and physical appearance. (2) Research into mediating knowledge structures needs to bridge information about controllability attributions with public attitudes about dangerousness and self-care. (3) Ways in which these knowledge structures lead to emotional reactions (pity, anger, and fear) as well as behavioral responses (helping and punishing behaviors) need to be examined. The attribution model has significant implications for social change strategies that seek to decrease mental illness stigma and discrimination.
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“it became apparent in our framework refinement process that, particularly in mental health, stigma (e.g. self-stigma, family/community stigma, provider stigma, organizational or institutional-level stigma) is a force that can exert powerful influences on perceptions of mental health issues and treatments across all social actors and processes—including those in the intervention domain [39–42].”
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“…people with lived experience of mental illness sharing their personal experiences of illness and recovery, can diminish anxiety, heighten empathy, make personal connections, and improve understanding (e.g., Blascovich et al. 2001; Corrigan 2000; Couture and Penn 2003; Pettigrew and Tropp 2008).”
BackgroundStereotypes of mental disorders differ in competence and warmth
Sadler, M. S., Meagor, E. L., & Kaye, K. E. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.019 · Cited by 133
“Although danger is often assumed to be stereotypic of people with mental illness (Corrigan et al., 2003; Link, 1987; Martin et al., 2000; Phelan et al., 2000), it is also possible that such perceived threat may be restricted to people with psychoses.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialErasing the Stigma: Where Science Meets Advocacy
Corrigan, P. W., & Kosyluk, K. A. (2013) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2012.746598 · Cited by 138
“This could change previous attributions about responsibility, which have been shown to lead to feelings of anger (Corrigan, 2000) to attributions of uncontrollability, which may elicit sympathy.”
Self-citationMental Illness Stereotypes and Clinical Care: Do People Avoid Treatment Because of Stigma?
Corrigan, P. W., & Rüsch, N. (2002) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills · doi:10.1080/10973430208408441 · Cited by 129
Self-citationPenn, D. L., Kohlmaier, J. R., & Corrigan, P. W. (2000) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00213-3 · Cited by 127
Self-citationKemp, J. J., Lickel, J. J., & Deacon, B. J. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.02.009 · Cited by 126
“Although biomedical causal explanations are predicted by attribution theory to reduce stigma by invoking uncontrollability attributions (Corrigan, 2000), chemical imbalance test feedback did not reduce self-stigma in the present study. This finding contradicts results from Deacon and Baird’s (2009) thought experiment…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLucas, J. W., & Phelan, J. C. (2012) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0190272512459968 · Cited by 123
Subjective Experience of Family Stigma as Reported by Children of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Werner, P., Goldstein, D., & Buchbinder, E. (2010) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732309358330 · Cited by 125
“Cognitive attributions are knowledge structures that affect perceptions and opinions about a specific disease (Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundMak, W. W. S., & Wu, C. F. M. (2006) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2006.57.12.1800 · Cited by 122
Public Stigma: The Community's Tolerance of Alzheimer Disease
Blay, S. L., & Peluso, É. D. T. P. (2010) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181bea900 · Cited by 119
Freţian, A. M., Graf, P., Kirchhoff, S., Glinphratum, G., Bollweg, T. M., Sauzet, O., & Bauer, U. (2021) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2021.1604072 · Cited by 127
The public stigma of mental illness means a difference between you and me
Corrigan, P. W., Bink, A. B., Fokuo, J. K., & Schmidt, A. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.047 · Cited by 114
Self-citationMuñoz, M., Sanz, M., Santos, E. P., & Quiroga, M. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.06.019 · Cited by 115
“(2008)—coping, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and empowerment— could be present, as well as those identified by Corrigan and Watson (2002) and Corrigan et al.”
BackgroundHegarty, P. V., & Golden, A. M. (2008) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00337.x · Cited by 112
Challenges to sanctuary: The clergy as a resource for mental health care in the community
Leavey, G., Loewenthal, K. M., & King, M. (2007) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.03.050 · Cited by 119
“Much of the literature suggests that contact with the mentally ill is a key factor in reducing stigmatising attitudes (Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundPhelan, J. C., Cruz-Rojas, R., & Reiff, M. (2002) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills · doi:10.1080/10973430208408431 · Cited by 110
Tsang, H. W. H., Fung, K. M. T., & Chung, R. C. K. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.001 · Cited by 108
Dietrich, S., Matschinger, H., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2006) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764006061246 · Cited by 106
“According to previous research (Angermeyer & Matschinger, 1997; Corrigan, 2000), three types of emotional reactions to people with mental disorder can be distinguished: fear, pity and anger.”
MethodKim, H., & Stout, P. A. (2010) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410230903544936 · Cited by 102
“In this study, we examine three different assessments of attitude frequently used in stigma research (Corrigan, 2000; Link, Yang, Phelan, & Collins, 2004), including perceived dangerousness of people with mental illness, desired social distance from people with mental illness, and perceived…”
BackgroundMethodRuggs, E. N., Hebl, M. R., Law, C., Cox, C. B., Roehling, M. V., & Wiener, R. L. (2013) · Industrial and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/iops.12007 · Cited by 102
Boysen, G. A., & Vogel, D. L. (2008) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2008.27.5.447 · Cited by 100
“In contrast, biological explanations reduced blame for the disorders relative to psychosocial explanations, which is consistent with Corrigan and Watson’s (2004) assertion that reduction of blame is the main positive effect of portraying mental illness as biological.”
BackgroundResult
Metadata
- Authors
- Corrigan, P. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Corrigan, Patrick W.
- ORCID
- Corrigan, Patrick W.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
- Published
- 2000
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-67
- ISSN
- 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2850
- OpenAlex
- W1981532063
- Cited by
- 954
- References
- 171
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 22.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- mental health stigma, social attribution, attitude change, stigma reduction, discrimination against people with mental illness
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