Cited by 954Mental Health Treatment and AccessSocial and Intergroup PsychologyPsychology and Mental Health

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Mental health stigma as social attribution: Implications for research methods and attitude change.

Corrigan, Patrick W.·2000·Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

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Abstract

The course and outcomes of mental illness are hampered by stigma and discrimination. Research on controllability attributions has mapped the relationships between signaling events, mediating stigma, emotional reactions, and discriminating behavior. In this article, I describe how an attribution model advances research questions related to mental health stigma in three areas. (1) Stigma research needs to examine signaling events related to psychiatric stigma including the label of mental illness, behaviors associated with psychiatric symptoms, and physical appearance. (2) Research into mediating knowledge structures needs to bridge information about controllability attributions with public attitudes about dangerousness and self-care. (3) Ways in which these knowledge structures lead to emotional reactions (pity, anger, and fear) as well as behavioral responses (helping and punishing behaviors) need to be examined. The attribution model has significant implications for social change strategies that seek to decrease mental illness stigma and discrimination.

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Background
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Background
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BackgroundMethodInfluential
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Result
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Background
Labeling, causal attributions, and social network ties to people with mental illness
Pullen, E. L., Ekl, E. A., Felix, E., Turner, C., Perry, B. L., & Pescosolido, B. A. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114646 · Cited by 17
Causal attributions of job loss among people with psychiatric disabilities.
Lanctôt, N., Bergeron-Brossard, P., Sanquirgo, N., & Corbière, M. (2013) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/prj0000002 · Cited by 17
Validation of the Malay Version of the Affiliate Stigma Scale among Caregivers of Patients with Mental Illness
Yun, Y. S., Jaapar, S. Z. S., Fadzil, N. A., & Kueh, Y. C. (2018) · Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.21315/mjms2018.25.6.13 · Cited by 17
“Stigma is defined as a set of prejudicial attitudes, negative stereotypes, discrimination and biased social structures towards a certain group of people (1).”
Background
Effects of biogenetic beliefs for schizophrenia on potential caregivers in China: Exploring the role of affiliate stigma
Yao, E., Wang, C., Zhu, Z., & Hui, J. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12655 · Cited by 17
The psychometric properties of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) regarding Internet gaming disorder in a general population of Chinese adults
Lau, J. T. F., Dang, L., Cheung, R. Y.-H., Zhang, M. X., Chen, J. H., & Wu, A. M. S. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00043 · Cited by 17
The Quality, Readability, Completeness, and Accuracy of PTSD Websites for Firefighters
Killip, S. C., Kwong, N. K. R., MacDermid, J. C., Fletcher, A. J., & Carleton, R. N. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17207629 · Cited by 17
“The firefighting community [9] and society in general [10] experience strong stigma regarding mental health challenges, which is a barrier to seeking treatment.”
Background
A stigma perspective on recovery
Angermeyer, M. C., & Schomerus, G. (2012) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2012.tb00120.x · Cited by 17
“It could increase public attributions of offset-responsibility for the condition to those afflicted (9), holding individuals responsible for the way they cope with their illness.”
Background
Stigma-Reducing Components in Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Ads: Onset Controllability, Offset Controllability, and Recategorization
An, S., & Kang, H. (2011) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2011.554169 · Cited by 17
“Persons who cannot control their condition can be viewed as childlike entities requiring rehabilitation and mandatory treatment, leading to avoidance and inferior stereotyping (Corrigan, 2000; Walker & Read, 2002).”
BackgroundInfluential
HIV-related perceived stigma and associated factors among patients with HIV, Dilla, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Chekole, Y. A., & Tarekegn, D. (2021) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102921 · Cited by 17
“People who experience stigma report a range of negative effects including loss of income or job, Isolation from communities and inability to participate as a productive member of society(20,21,22).”
Background
Difference and Disdain as Indicators of the Public Stigma of Mental Illness
Corrigan, P. W., Talluri, S. S., & Qin, S. (2021) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001354 · Cited by 16
“Anger has often been implicated as a mediator that exacerbates negative reactions to people with mental illness (Corrigan, 2000).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Cognitive Functioning and Its Relationship with Self-Stigma in Men with HIV Who Have Sex with Men: The Mediating Role of Health-Related Quality of Life
Ruiz‐Robledillo, N., Clement‐Carbonell, V., Ferrer‐Cascales, R., Portilla, I., Alcocer‐Bruno, C., & Bravo, E. M. G. (2021) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s332494 · Cited by 15
“37,38 HIV self-stigma is a very extensive field of study.”
A “patient as educator” intervention: Reducing stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness among medical students
Atienza-Carbonell, B., Hernández-Évole, H., & Balanzá‐Martínez, V. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1020929 · Cited by 17
Collective Identity Formation in the Mental Health Clubhouse Community
Mandiberg, J. M., & Edwards, M. (2013) · International Journal of Self Help and Self Care · doi:10.2190/sh.7.1.c · Cited by 18
“Stigma includes the beliefs, attitudes, and actions of others toward individuals and groups with discredited statuses and conditions (Corrigan, 2000; Goffman, 1963; Link & Phelan, 2001).”
Background
Changes of Stigma over Time
Schomerus, G., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27839-1_9 · Cited by 16
Toward Visual Behavior Markers of Suicidal Ideation
Eigbe, N., Baltrušaitis, T., Morency, L., & Pestian, J. P. (2018) · International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition · doi:10.1109/fg.2018.00085 · Cited by 16
“Throughout the past few decades, there has been an increased desire to raise awareness of mental health problems and remove the stigma from many of these disorders that plague a great portion of our population [1].”
Background
Stigma experienced by families with members with intellectual disabilities in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Aldersey, H. M., Kavira, S., Kiasimbua, J., Lokako, W., Miaka, P., & Monté, L. (2018) · Intervention · doi:10.4103/intv.intv_13_18 · Cited by 16
“Stigma is a set of prejudices or stereotypes, discriminatory behaviours and biased social structures promoted by a sizable group about a discredited subgroup (Corrigan, 2000).”
Background
Gender-specific experiences of serious mental illness in rural Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Ghebrehiwet, S., Baul, T. D., Restivo, J. L., Kelkile, T. S., Stevenson, A., Gelaye, B., Fekadu, A., Hailemariam, M., Girma, E., Teferra, S., et al. (2019) · Global Public Health · doi:10.1080/17441692.2019.1680723 · Cited by 16
“Stigma theory explains that stigmatised characteristics (such as psychiatric symptoms, physical appearance, or social skills) that are easily identified are less concealable, therefore allowing society to stigmatise differentially based on the visibility of individuals and their mental illness (Corrigan, 2000; Goffman…”
Background
Non-financial barriers in oral health care: a qualitative study of patients receiving opioid maintenance treatment and professionals’ experiences
Carlsen, S.-E. L., Isaksen, K. J., Fadnes, L. T., Lygren, O. J., & Åstrøm, A. N. (2021) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/s13011-021-00379-6 · Cited by 16
“Furthermore, studies have found a relationship between a person’s view of people with disorders and their social distance and response to them [49, 50].”
Background
Validation of a brief implicit association test of stigma: schizophrenia and dangerousness
Denenny, D. M., Bentley, E., & Schiffman, J. E. (2014) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2014.951482 · Cited by 17
“Experts consider these consequences as damaging as the illness itself (Corrigan, 2000).”
Background
College Students’ Attitudes Toward Individuals With Autism
Mahoney, D. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/z4s5-bp18 · Cited by 16
Effects of psychoeducation on attitudes towards individuals with pedophilic sexual intrusive thoughts
Snethen, C., & Warman, D. M. (2018) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.10.001 · Cited by 16
Lay Expectations of Mental Disorder: A Test of the Folk Psychiatry Model
Levi, M., & Haslam, N. (2005) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15324834basp2702_3 · Cited by 16
“Thus a biomedical or disease model of mental disorder should have positive implications for attitudes toward those with the disorder (Corrigan, 2000), although in some circumstances attributing behavior to causes that are likely to persist might yield negative reactions.”
Background
Improving Attitudes Towards Personality Disorder: Is Training for Health and Social Care Professionals Effective?
Attwood, J., Wilkinson‐Tough, M., Lambe, S., & Draper, E. (2019) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2019_33_458 · Cited by 15
Stigma, help‐seeking, and counseling with African American male college students
Shannon, J., Seward, D. X., Liu, Y., & Luke, M. M. (2022) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12435 · Cited by 21
Stigma and loneliness among young and middle‐aged stroke survivors: A moderated mediation model of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience
Huang, H., Zhang, L., Dong, W., Tu, L., Tang, H., Liu, S., Chen, H., Xie, N., & Chen, C. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.13016 · Cited by 17
The influencing factors of stigma towards people with mental illness among nursing students: a mixed‐method systematic review
Zeng, Y., Pan, T., & Sun, M. (2024) · Medical Education Online · doi:10.1080/10872981.2024.2376802 · Cited by 15
“This unfavorable attitude such as pity or anger [4] entails making hasty judgments without considering the relevant facts.”
Background
Mental Health Stigma Reduction Interventions Among Men: A Systematic Review
Sweeney, J., O’Donnell, S., Roche, E., White, P. J., Carroll, P., & Richardson, N. (2024) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/15579883241299353 · Cited by 16
Stigma and widow remarriage: experiences of Malaysian Tamil women
Karupiah, P. (2020) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2020.1819378 · Cited by 15
“According to Goffman (1963) (as cited by Corrigan, 2000), there are two kinds of stigmatized group based on the visibility of the cue: that is, the ‘discredited’ and ‘discreditable’ groups.”
Background
Autism in the media: A longitudinal study of stigma cues and framing of attribution
Yu, N., & Farrell, L. C. (2020) · Newspaper Research Journal · doi:10.1177/0739532920969887 · Cited by 15
“Scholars have identified four types of cues that may signal stigmatic beliefs (P. W. Corrigan, 2000; Holton et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethod
Burn self-stigma: A hybrid concept analysis
Maslakpak, M. H., Ajoudani, F., Lotfi, M., & Alinejad, V. (2021) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2021.11.007 · Cited by 15
Perceptions of addiction and recovery in Sweden: The influence of respondent characteristics
Blomqvist, J. (2012) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2012.664203 · Cited by 15
“As has also been discussed, another crucial aspect in this context is the perceived ability of those concerned to control and find a solution to their problems (cf Corrigan, 2000).”
Background
Identifying Persuasive Public Health Messages to Change Community Knowledge and Attitudes About Bulimia Nervosa
McLean, S. A., Paxton, S. J., Massey, R., Hay, P., Mond, J., & Rodgers, B. (2015) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2015.1049309 · Cited by 16
“…theory, which holds that stigmatizing attitudes are formed when attributions of blame or personal responsibility for the illness are made (Corrigan, 2000), it is encouraging that Messages 3 (BN has nothing to do with attention seeking) and 9 (BN is a mental illness that is not caused by…”
Background
Parental Memorable Messages about Depression: Implications for Perceived Support, Stigma, Relational Satisfaction, and Treatment-Seeking among Young Adults with Depression
Flood‐Grady, E., Starcher, S. C., & Bergquist, G. L. (2021) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2021.1926108 · Cited by 15
“Identifying parent’s use of attributions to verbally communicate about depression is an important finding, as attributions about mental illness are largely considered cognitive constructs (e.g., Corrigan, 2000).”
Background
Mental Illness Stigma and the Sociology of Mental Health
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2014) · SpringerBriefs in sociology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07797-0_4 · Cited by 15
Self and sibling care attitudes, personal loss, and stress-related growth among siblings of adults with mental illness.
Stein, C. H., Gonzales, S. M., Walker, K., Benoit, M. F., & Russin, S. E. (2020) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000511 · Cited by 14
Police Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Opioid Addiction Treatment and Harm Reduction: A Survey of Illinois Officers
Reichert, J., Martins, K. F., Taylor, B. G., & del Pozo, B. (2023) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/00220426231212567 · Cited by 14
“…with personal experience with persons with SUD ’ s have more empathy toward, and held less-stigmatizing attitudes of, those with SUDs (Adlaf et al., 2009; Batson et al., 2002; Clinton & Pollini, 2021; Corrigan, 2000; Corrigan & Nieweglowski, 2018; Janulis et al., 2013; Keyes et al., 2010).”

Authors: Corrigan, P. W.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author: Corrigan, Patrick W.
ORCID: Corrigan, Patrick W.
Venue: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2000
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Pages: 48-67
ISSN: 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
1468-2850
DOI: 10.1093/clipsy.7.1.48
OpenAlex: W1981532063
Cited by: 954
References: 171
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 22.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 5722 d)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Keywords: mental health stigma, social attribution, attitude change, stigma reduction, discrimination against people with mental illness

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Mental health stigma as social attribution: Implications for research methods and attitude change.

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