Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 622

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

European Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Iron Deficiency and Anaemia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Open access
Dignass, Axel U, Gasche, Christoph, Bettenworth, Dominik, Birgegård, Gunnar, Danese, Silvio, Gisbert, Javier P, Gomollon, Fernando, Iqbal, Tariq, Katsanos, Konstantinos, Koutroubakis, Ioannis, Magro, Fernando, Savoye, Guillaume, Stein, Jürgen, Vavricka, Stephan·2015·Journal of Crohn's and Colitis
DOI 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju009
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Anaemia is the most common systemic complication and extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD].1–3 In the majority of cases, IBD-associated anaemia is a unique example of the combination of chronic iron deficiency and anaemia of chronic disease [ACD].4,5 Other more rare causes of anaemia in IBD include vitamin B12 and folate deficiency, toxic effects of medications, and others. The impact of anaemia on the quality of life of IBD patients is substantial. It affects various aspects of quality of life such as physical, emotional, and cognitive functions, the ability to work, hospitalization, and healthcare costs.6 Anaemia in IBD is not just a laboratory marker; it is a complication of IBD that needs appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.3 Despite the broad use of anti-inflammatory therapy, anaemia may recur fast after successful therapy. As anaemia is a serious medical condition that may become life threatening [if blood transfusions are not available or compatible], preventive measures should be considered. Prevention of anaemia and maintenance of iron and vitamin stores are therefore warranted. The goal of this consensus initiated by the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] was to establish European consensus guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia [IDA], but also for non-iron deficiency anaemia and associated conditions. The consensus is based in parts on a previous evidence-based consensus publication on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anaemia in inflammatory bowel diseases.7 The strategy to reach the consensus involved several steps and follows the standard operating procedures for consensus guidelines of ECCO. An open call for chairs and participants for this consensus was made [see acknowledgements and www.ecco-ibd]. Participants were selected by the Guidelines Committee of ECCO [GuiCom] on the basis of their publication record and a personal statement. Four working groups [WGs] were formed: WG 1 on Diagnosis of anaemia, WG 2 on Treatment of iron deficiency anaemia, WG 3 on Prevention of iron deficiency anaemia, and WG 4 on Management of non-iron deficiency anaemia. Participants were asked to answer relevant questions on current practise and areas of controversy related to the diagnosis and management of anaemia in IBD based on their experience as well as evidence from the literature [Delphi procedure].8 In parallel, the WG members performed a systematic literature search of their topic with the appropriate key words using Medline/PubMed/ISI/Scopus and the Cochrane database, as well as their own files. The evidence level [EL] was graded according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.9 Provisional guideline statements [with supporting text] were then written by the WG chairs, based upon answers to the questionnaire, and were circulated among the WG members, prompting discussions and exchange of literature evidence. The proposed statements and the supporting text were submitted to an online platform for online discussion and two online voting procedures, among all consensus participants for the first voting procedure and also for all national representatives of ECCO for the second voting procedure. The WGs finally met in Frankfurt on June 28, 2013 for a face-to-face discussion and to vote and consent on the statements. Technically this was done by projecting the statements and revising them on screen until a consensus was reached. Consensus was defined as agreement by more than 80% of participants, termed a Consensus Statement and numbered for convenience in the document. The final manuscript was written by the WG chairs in conjunction with the WG members and was revised for consistency by CG and AD. An update of this current consensus guideline is planned in about 4 years. The currently used WHO definition of anaemia [Table 1] applies also to patients with IBD. All patients with IBD should be assessed for the presence of anaemia. The major forms of anaemia in IBD are iron deficiency anaemia, anaemia of chronic disease and anaemia of mixed origin [EL 5] Minimum hemoglobin and hematocrit levels used to define anaemia in people living at sea level. 10 Minimum hemoglobin and hematocrit levels used to define anaemia in people living at sea level. 10 Normal hemoglobin varies with age and gender. Also other factors influence hemoglobin levels such as pregnancy, high altitudes, smoking, and ethnicity.11,12 The lower limits of normal hemoglobin concentration are even lower in African Americans [11.5g/dL for women, 12.9g/dL for men] and in the elderly. Interpretation of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels needs to consider such modulating factors. The definitions of anaemia in IBD is indifferent to other conditions and it is reasonable that WHO cut-offs apply.10 IBD patients should be regularly assessed for the presence of anaemia because of its high prevalence, its impact on qua

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju009

Cites

10 of 10 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 10 references

Research works printed but not linked: 120

  1. Gasche, 2000, Anemia in IBD: the overlooked villain, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 6, 142, 10.1097/00054725-200005000-00013 · DOI
  2. Kulnigg, 2006, Systematic review: managing anemia in Crohn’s disease, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 24, 1507, 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03146.x · DOI · Paper page
  3. Stein, 2010, Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia in patients with IBD, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 7, 599, 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.151 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Gomollon, 2009, Anemia and inflammatory bowel diseases, World J Gastroenterol, 15, 4659, 10.3748/wjg.15.4659 · DOI
  5. Ershler, 2005, Economic burden of patients with anemia in selected diseases, Value Health, 8, 629, 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.00058.x · DOI
  6. Gasche, 2007, Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 13, 1545, 10.1002/ibd.20285 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Beutler, 2006, The definition of anemia: what is the lower limit of normal of the blood hemoglobin concentration?, Blood, 107, 1747, 10.1182/blood-2005-07-3046 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Perry, 1992, Iron nutrition does not account for the hemoglobin differences between blacks and whites, J Nutr, 122, 1417, 10.1093/jn/122.7.1417 · DOI
  9. Wilson, 2004, Prevalence and outcomes of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of the literature, Am J Med, 116, 44S, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.12.011 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Bergamaschi, 2010, Prevalence and pathogenesis of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Influence of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment, Haematologica, 95, 199, 10.3324/haematol.2009.009985 · DOI
  11. Goodhand, 2012, Prevalence and management of anemia in children, adolescents, and adults with inflammatory bowel disease, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 18, 513, 10.1002/ibd.21740 · DOI
  12. Stange, 2006, European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: definitions and diagnosis, Gut, 55, i1, 10.1136/gut.2005.081950a · DOI · Paper page
  13. Duerksen, 2006, Vitamin B12 malabsorption in patients with limited ileal resection, Nutrition, 22, 1210, 10.1016/j.nut.2006.08.017 · DOI
  14. Oustamanolakis, 2011, Measurement of reticulocyte and red blood cell indices in the evaluation of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease, J Crohns Colitis, 5, 295, 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.02.002 · DOI
  15. Oustamanolakis, 2011, Diagnosing anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: beyond the established markers, J Crohns Colitis, 5, 381, 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.03.010 · DOI
  16. Gasche, 2008, Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  17. Beguin, 2003, Soluble transferrin receptor for the evaluation of erythropoiesis and iron status, Clin Chim Acta, 329, 9, 10.1016/S0009-8981(03)00005-6 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Hansen, 1983, Serum ferritin and the assessment of iron deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis, Scand J Rheumatol, 12, 353, 10.3109/03009748309099740 · DOI
  19. Bartels, 1978, Iron absorption and serum ferritin in chronic inflammatory bowel disease, Scand J Gastroenterol, 13, 649, 10.3109/00365527809181777 · DOI
  20. Gasche, 2004, Iron, anemia, and inflammatory bowel diseases, Gut, 53, 1190, 10.1136/gut.2003.035758 · DOI · Paper page
  21. Ali, 1982, Failure of serum ferritin levels to predict bone-marrow iron content after intravenous iron-dextran therapy, Lancet, 1, 652, 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)92204-8 · DOI
  22. Bruner, 1996, Randomised study of cognitive effects of iron supplementation in non-anemic iron-deficient adolescent girls, Lancet, 348, 992, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)02341-0 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Chavarro, 2006, Iron intake and risk of ovulatory infertility, Obstet Gynecol, 108, 1145, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000238333.37423.ab · DOI
  24. Krayenbuehl, 2011, Intravenous iron for the treatment of fatigue in nonanemic, premenopausal women with low serum ferritin concentration, Blood, 118, 3222, 10.1182/blood-2011-04-346304 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Skikne, 2011, Improved differential diagnosis of anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia: a prospective multicenter evaluation of soluble transferrin receptor and the sTfR/log ferritin index, Am J Hematol, 86, 923, 10.1002/ajh.22108 · DOI
  26. Oustamanolakis, 2011, Soluble transferrin receptor-ferritin index is the most efficient marker for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in patients with IBD, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 17, E158, 10.1002/ibd.21881 · DOI
  27. Infusino, 2012, Soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR] and sTfR/log ferritin index for the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia: a meta-analysis, Am J Clin Pathol, 138, 642, 10.1309/AJCP16NTXZLZFAIB · DOI
  28. Semrin, 2006, Impaired intestinal iron absorption in Crohn’s disease correlates with disease activity and markers of inflammation, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 12, 1101, 10.1097/01.mib.0000235097.86360.04 · DOI
  29. Wells, 2006, Effects of changes in hemoglobin level on quality of life and cognitive function in inflammatory bowel disease patients, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 12, 123, 10.1097/01.MIB.0000196646.64615.db · DOI · Paper page
  30. Evstatiev, 2011, FERGIcor, a randomized controlled trial on ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease, Gastroenterology, 141, 846, 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.005 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Gasche, 2001, Prediction of response to iron sucrose in inflammatory bowel disease-associated anemia, Am J Gastroenterol, 96, 2382, 10.1016/S0002-9270(01)02657-0 · DOI
  32. Evstatiev, 2013, Ferric carboxymaltose prevents recurrence of anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 11, 269, 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.10.013 · DOI
  33. Kulnigg, 2008, A novel intravenous iron formulation for treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: the ferric carboxymaltose [FERINJECT] randomized controlled trial, Am J Gastroenterol, 103, 1182, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01744.x · DOI · Paper page
  34. Onken, 2014, A multicenter, randomized, active-controlled study to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency anemia, Transfusion, 54, 306, 10.1111/trf.12289 · DOI
  35. Lyseng-Williamson, 2009, Ferric carboxymaltose: a review of its use in iron-deficiency anemia, Drugs, 69, 739, 10.2165/00003495-200969060-00007 · DOI
  36. Geisser, 1992, Structure/histotoxicity relationship of parenteral iron preparations, Arzneimittelforschung, 42, 1439
  37. Gasche, 1997, Intravenous iron and erythropoietin for anemia associated with Crohn disease. A randomized, controlled trial, Ann Intern Med, 126, 782, 10.7326/0003-4819-126-10-199705150-00006 · DOI
  38. Gasche, 1999, Sequential treatment of anemia in ulcerative colitis with intravenous iron and erythropoietin, Digestion, 60, 262, 10.1159/000007667 · DOI
  39. Schroder, 2005, Intravenous iron sucrose versus oral iron supplementation for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease - a randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter study, Am J Gastroenterol, 100, 2503, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00250.x · DOI · Paper page
  40. Schroder, 2004, A study for the evaluation of safety and tolerability of intravenous high-dose iron sucrose in patients with iron deficiency anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding, Z Gastroenterol, 42, 663, 10.1055/s-2004-813106 · DOI
  41. Lindgren, 2009;44, Intravenous iron sucrose is superior to oral iron sulphate for correcting anemia and restoring iron stores in IBD patients: a randomized, controlled, evaluator-blind, multicentre study, Scand J Gastroenterol, 838, 10.1080/00365520902839667 · DOI
  42. Erichsen, 2005, Oral ferrous fumarate or intravenous iron sucrose for patients with inflammatory bowel disease, ScandJGastroenterol, 40, 1058
  43. Koutroubakis, 2006, Effectiveness of darbepoetin-alfa in combination with intravenous iron sucrose in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and refractory anemia: a pilot study, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 18, 421, 10.1097/00042737-200604000-00017 · DOI
  44. Kulnigg-Dabsch, 2013, Iron deficiency generates secondary thrombocytosis and platelet activation in IBD: the randomized, controlled ThromboVIT trial, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 19, 1609, 10.1097/MIB.0b013e318281f4db · DOI
  45. Hassan, 2011, Ferumoxytol infusion in pediatric patients with gastrointestinal disorders: first case series, Ann Pharmacother, 45, e63, 10.1345/aph.1Q283 · DOI
  46. Ford, 2013, Evaluation of ferumoxytol treatment for iron deficiency anemia in patients with gastrointestinal disorders who have a history of unsatisfactory oral iron therapy: results of a Phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, Gastroenterology, 144, S754, 10.1016/S0016-5085(13)62790-0 · DOI
  47. Koutroubakis, 2010, Safety and efficacy of total-dose infusion of low molecular weight iron dextran for iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, Dig Dis Sci, 55, 2327, 10.1007/s10620-009-1022-y · DOI
  48. Khalil, 2011, Efficacy and tolerability of intravenous iron dextran and oral iron in inflammatory bowel disease: a case-matched study in clinical practice, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 23, 1029, 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32834a58d1 · DOI
  49. Cavill, 2006, Iron and the anemia of chronic disease: a review and strategic recommendations, Curr Med Res Opin, 22, 731, 10.1185/030079906X100096 · DOI
  50. Ganzoni, 1970, [Intravenous iron-dextran: therapeutic and experimental possibilities], Schweiz Med Wochenschr, 100, 301
  51. Reinisch, 2013, A randomized, open-label, non-inferiority study of intravenous iron isomaltoside 1,000 [Monofer] compared with oral iron for treatment of anemia in IBD [PROCEED], Am J Gastroenterol, 108, 1877, 10.1038/ajg.2013.335 · DOI
  52. 1968, World Health Organization
  53. Lee, 2012, Iron replacement therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients with iron deficiency anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Crohns Colitis, 6, 267, 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.09.010 · DOI
  54. De Silva, 2005, Efficacy and tolerability of oral iron therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective, comparative trial, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 22, 1097, 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02700.x · DOI
  55. Seril, 2006, High-iron diet: foe or feat in ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis, JClin,Gastroenterol, 40, 391, 10.1097/00004836-200605000-00006 · DOI
  56. Oldenburg, 2000, Iron supplementation affects the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in IL-10 deficient mice, Eur J Clin Invest, 30, 505, 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00650.x · DOI
  57. Seril, 2005, Systemic iron supplementation replenishes iron stores without enhancing colon carcinogenesis in murine models of ulcerative colitis: comparison with iron-enriched diet, Dig Dis Sci, 50, 696, 10.1007/s10620-005-2560-6 · DOI
  58. Werner, 2011, Depletion of luminal iron alters the gut microbiota and prevents Crohn’s disease-like ileitis, Gut, 60, 325, 10.1136/gut.2010.216929 · DOI · Paper page
  59. Gasche, Ferric Maltol Is Effective in Correcting Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: results from a Phase-3 Clinical Trial Program, Inflamm Bowel Dis
  60. Evstatiev, 2012, Iron sensing and signalling, Gut, 61, 933, 10.1136/gut.2010.214312 · DOI · Paper page
  61. Rimon, 2005, Are we giving too much iron? Low-dose iron therapy is effective in octogenarians, Am J Med, 118, 1142, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.01.065 · DOI
  62. Makrides, 2003, Efficacy and tolerability of low-dose iron supplements during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial, Am J Clin Nutr, 78, 145, 10.1093/ajcn/78.1.145 · DOI
  63. Kulnigg, 2009, Rapid recurrence of IBD-associated anemia and iron deficiency after intravenous iron sucrose and erythropoietin treatment, Am J Gastroenterol, 104, 1460, 10.1038/ajg.2009.114 · DOI
  64. Cronin, 2001, Anemia in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, Am J Gastroenterol, 96, 2296, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04032.x · DOI
  65. Oldenburg, 2001, Iron and inflammatory bowel disease, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 15, 429, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00930.x · DOI
  66. Tsiolakidou, 2007, Stimulating erythropoiesis in inflammatory bowel disease associated anemia, World J Gastroenterol, 13, 4798, 10.3748/wjg.v13.i36.4798 · DOI
  67. Bodemar, 2004, Treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease with iron sucrose, Scand J Gastroenterol, 39, 454, 10.1080/00365520310008818-1 · DOI
  68. Weinstock, 2010, Crohn’s disease is associated with restless legs syndrome, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 16, 275, 10.1002/ibd.20992 · DOI
  69. Brownlie, 2004, Tissue iron deficiency without anemia impairs adaptation in endurance capacity after aerobic training in previously untrained women, Am J Clin Nutr, 79, 437, 10.1093/ajcn/79.3.437 · DOI · Paper page
  70. Brutsaert, 2003, Iron supplementation improves progressive fatigue resistance during dynamic knee extensor exercise in iron-depleted, nonanemic women, Am J Clin Nutr, 77, 441, 10.1093/ajcn/77.2.441 · DOI · Paper page
  71. Hinton, 2007, Iron supplementation maintains ventilatory threshold and improves energetic efficiency in iron-deficient nonanemic athletes, Eur J Clin Nutr, 61, 30, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602479 · DOI
  72. Verdon, 2003, Iron supplementation for unexplained fatigue in non-anemic women: double blind randomised placebo controlled trial, BMJ, 326, 1124, 10.1136/bmj.326.7399.1124 · DOI · Paper page
  73. Lozoff, 2006, Double burden of iron deficiency in infancy and low socioeconomic status: a longitudinal analysis of cognitive test scores to age 19 years, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 160, 1108, 10.1001/archpedi.160.11.1108 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Nissenson, 2005, Economic burden of anemia in an insured population, J Manag Care Pharm, 11, 565, 10.18553/jmcp.2005.11.7.565 · DOI
  75. Salomon, 2012, Common values in assessing health outcomes from disease and injury: disability weights measurement study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010, Lancet, 380, 2129, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61680-8 · DOI · Paper page
  76. Weiss, 2010, Pathogenesis and treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease, Haematologica, 95, 175, 10.3324/haematol.2009.017046 · DOI
  77. Tsiopoulos, 2009, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and ophthalmic artery thrombosis preceding the intestinal manifestations of Crohn’s disease, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 15, 487, 10.1002/ibd.20643 · DOI
  78. Hagel, 2009, Cholestatic hepatitis, acute acalculous cholecystitis, and hemolytic anemia: primary Epstein-Barr virus infection under azathioprine, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 15, 1613, 10.1002/ibd.20856 · DOI
  79. Mattis, 2004, Life-threatening ceftriaxone-induced immune hemolytic anemia in a child with Crohn’s disease, Clin Pediatr [Phila], 43, 175, 10.1177/000992280404300207 · DOI
  80. Wiesen, 2009, Mesalazine-induced aplastic anemia, Am J Gastroenterol, 104, 1063, 10.1038/ajg.2008.164 · DOI
  81. Kishikawa, 2003, Ulcerative colitis associated with aplastic anemia, Dig Dis Sci, 48, 1376, 10.1023/A:1024179730817 · DOI
  82. Naithani, 2005, Aplastic anemia and Crohn’s disease - coincidence or association?, Indian J Gastroenterol, 24, 183
  83. Yu, 2010, A case of ulcerative colitis associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia successfully treated by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Am J Gastroenterol, 105, 2302, 10.1038/ajg.2010.221 · DOI
  84. Leo Carnerero, 2009, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with ulcerative colitis: response to infliximab, Am J Gastroenterol, 104, 2370, 10.1038/ajg.2009.307 · DOI
  85. Kallel, 2009, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a young adult with Crohn’s disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis: an unusual association, J Crohns Colitis, 3, 134, 10.1016/j.crohns.2009.01.001 · DOI
  86. Hochman, 2002, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with Crohn’s disease, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 8, 98, 10.1097/00054725-200203000-00005 · DOI
  87. Wu, 2005, An unusual case of ulcerative colitis with concurrent extraintestinal manifestations of primary sclerosing cholangitis, thromboembolism, hemolytic anemia, and hemochromatosis, J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 38, 224
  88. Molnar, 2010, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with ulcerative colitis: the most important step is to induce complete remission, Am J Gastroenterol, 105, 1203, 10.1038/ajg.2009.751 · DOI
  89. Doyle, 2009, Treatment with infliximab plus methotrexate improves anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis independent of improvement in other clinical outcome measures - a pooled analysis from three large, multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trials, Semin Arthritis Rheum, 39, 123, 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.08.002 · DOI
  90. Braun, 2009, Improvement in hemoglobin levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with infliximab, Arthritis Rheum, 61, 1032, 10.1002/art.24865 · DOI
  91. Bergamaschi, 2010, Prevalence and pathogenesis of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Influence of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment, Haematologica, 95, 199, 10.3324/haematol.2009.009985 · DOI
  92. Katsanos, 2007, Intravenous iron therapy restores functional iron deficiency induced by infliximab, J Crohns Colitis, 1, 97, 10.1016/j.crohns.2007.08.005 · DOI
  93. Domenech, 2005, Infliximab for the treatment of chronic anemia in Crohn’s disease, Am J Gastroenterol, 100, 496, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41219.x · DOI
  94. Schreiber, 1996, Recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease, N Engl J Med, 334, 619, 10.1056/NEJM199603073341002 · DOI
  95. Yakut, 2010, Serum vitamin B12 and folate status in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, Eur J Intern Med, 21, 320, 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.05.007 · DOI
  96. Alkhouri, 2013, Vitamin and mineral status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 56, 89, 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31826a105d · DOI
  97. Green, 2011, Indicators for assessing folate and vitamin B-12 status and for monitoring the efficacy of intervention strategies, Am J Clin Nutr, 94, 666S, 10.3945/ajcn.110.009613 · DOI
  98. Otsubo, 1998, Mesalazine-associated severe aplastic anemia successfully treated with antithymocyte globulin, cyclosporine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Int J Hematol, 68, 445, 10.1016/S0925-5710(98)00082-6 · DOI
  99. van Hees, 1978, Hemolysis during salicylazosulfapyridine therapy, Am J Gastroenterol, 70, 501
  100. Villanueva, 2013, Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, N Engl J Med, 368, 11, 10.1056/NEJMoa1211801 · DOI · Paper page
  101. Bager, 2010, The health care cost of intravenous iron treatment in IBD patients depends on the economic evaluation perspective, J Crohns Colitis, 4, 427, 10.1016/j.crohns.2010.01.007 · DOI
  102. Garcia-Erce, 2009, Blood transfusion for the treatment of acute anemia in inflammatory bowel disease and other digestive diseases, World J Gastroenterol, 15, 4686, 10.3748/wjg.15.4686 · DOI
  103. 2006, American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Blood Transfusion and Adjuvant Therapies. Practice guidelines for perioperative blood transfusion and adjuvant therapies: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Blood Transfusion and Adjuvant Therapies, Anesthesiology, 105, 198, 10.1097/00000542-200607000-00030 · DOI · Paper page
  104. Roghi, 2010, Absence of cardiac siderosis despite hepatic iron overload in Italian patients with thalassemia intermedia: an MRI T2* study, Ann Hematol, 89, 585, 10.1007/s00277-009-0879-3 · DOI
  105. Decaux, 2000, Relationship between red cell mean corpuscular volume and 6-thioguanine nucleotides in patients treated with azathioprine, J Lab Clin Med, 135, 256, 10.1067/mlc.2000.105215 · DOI
  106. Krzystek-Korpacka, 2010, Impaired erythrocyte antioxidant defense in active inflammatory bowel disease: impact of anemia and treatment, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 16, 1467, 10.1002/ibd.21234 · DOI
  107. Lennard, 2002, TPMT in the treatment of Crohn’s disease with azathioprine, Gut, 51, 143, 10.1136/gut.51.2.143 · DOI
  108. DeClerck, 1980, Macrocytosis and pure RBC anemia caused by azathioprine, Am J Dis Child, 134, 377
  109. Formea, 2004, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase genotype predicts azathioprine-induced myelotoxicity in kidney transplant recipients, Am J Transplant, 4, 1810, 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00575.x · DOI
  110. Agrawal, 2004, Azathioprine-induced pure red cell aplasia: case report and review, Transplant Proc, 36, 2689, 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.09.047 · DOI
  111. Old, 1978, Azathioprine-induced pure red blood cell aplasia, JAMA, 240, 552, 10.1001/jama.1978.03290060054014 · DOI
  112. Gearry, 2003, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase [TPMT] genotype does not predict adverse drug reactions to thiopurine drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 18, 395, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01690.x · DOI
  113. Fraser, 2002, The efficacy of azathioprine for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a 30 year review, Gut, 50, 485, 10.1136/gut.50.4.485 · DOI · Paper page
  114. Colombel, 2000, Genotypic analysis of thiopurine S-methyltransferase in patients with Crohn’s disease and severe myelosuppression during azathioprine therapy, Gastroenterology, 118, 1025, 10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70354-4 · DOI · Paper page
  115. Black, 1998, Thiopurine methyltransferase genotype predicts therapy-limiting severe toxicity from azathioprine, Ann Intern Med, 129, 716, 10.7326/0003-4819-129-9-199811010-00007 · DOI · Paper page
  116. Cheung, 2003, Mistaken identity: misclassification of TPMT phenotype following blood transfusion, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 15, 1245, 10.1097/00042737-200311000-00016 · DOI
  117. Schaeffeler, 2004, Comprehensive analysis of thiopurine S-methyltransferase phenotype-genotype correlation in a large population of German-Caucasians and identification of novel TPMT variants, Pharmacogenetics, 14, 407, 10.1097/01.fpc.0000114745.08559.db · DOI
  118. Schaeffeler, 2006, Three novel thiopurine S-methyltransferase allelic variants [TPMT*20, *21, *22] - association with decreased enzyme function, Hum Mutat, 27, 976, 10.1002/humu.9450 · DOI
  119. Andrews, 2009, Systematic review: does concurrent therapy with 5-ASA and immunomodulators in inflammatory bowel disease improve outcomes?, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 29, 459, 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03915.x · DOI
  120. Sandborn, 2004, Pharmacogenomics and IBD: TPMT and thiopurines, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 10, S35, 10.1097/00054725-200402001-00008 · DOI

Cited by

See all 622

Metadata

Authors
Dignass, A. U., Gasche, C., Bettenworth, D., Birgegård, G., Danese, S., Gisbert, J. P., Gomollon, F., Iqbal, T., Katsanos, K., Koutroubakis, I., Magro, F., Savoye, G., Stein, J., & Vavricka, S.
Venue
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2015-01-16
Volume
9
Issue
3
Pages
211-222
ISSN
  • 1873-9946 (ISSN-L)
  • 1876-4479
DOI
10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju009
OpenAlex
W2124903183
Cited by
622
References
10
FWCI
20.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: European Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Iron Deficiency and Anaemia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju009
The paper
Dignass, A. U., Gasche, C., Bettenworth, D., Birgegård, G., Danese, S., Gisbert, J. P., Gomollon, F., Iqbal, T., Katsanos, K., Koutroubakis, I., Magro, F., Savoye, G., Stein, J., & Vavricka, S. (2015). European Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Iron Deficiency and Anaemia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju009

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.