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Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry
Open accessAbstract
Aims: To investigate the joint association of accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sleep duration with mortality risk. Methods and results: A 7-day accelerometer recording was performed on 92 221 participants (age 62.4 ± 7.8 years; 56.4% women) from the UK Biobank between February 2013 and December 2015. We divided sleep duration into three groups (short, normal, and long), total volume of PA into three levels according to tertiles (high, intermediate, low), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) into two groups based on the World Health Organization guidelines. The mortality outcomes were prospectively collected through the death registry. Over a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 3080 adults died, of which 1074 died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 1871 from cancer. The associations of PA and sleep duration with mortality risk were all in a curvilinear dose–response pattern (Pnonlinearity <0.001). PA and sleep duration had additive and multiplicative interactions on mortality risk (Pinteraction <0.05). Compared with the participants with guideline-recommended MVPA and normal sleep duration, those without recommended MVPA but having short or long sleep duration were at a higher risk for all-cause mortality [short sleep: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61–2.20; long sleep: HR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.49–1.90]. A higher volume of PA or recommended MVPA attenuated the detrimental effects of short or long sleep duration on all-cause and CVD mortality risks. Conclusion: MVPA meeting recommendations or a higher volume of PA at any intensity potentially diminished the adverse effects on all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with short and long sleep duration.
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TL;DR
In a UK Biobank accelerometry cohort, physical activity and sleep duration were independently and jointly associated with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality. Meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations or achieving a higher total physical activity volume attenuated the excess mortality risk associated with short or long sleep duration.
Key findings
- Among 92,221 participants over a median 7.0-year follow-up, 3,080 died (1,074 from CVD, 1,871 from cancer); physical activity and sleep duration showed curvilinear dose-response associations with mortality (P nonlinearity <0.001).
- Physical activity and sleep duration had additive and multiplicative interactions on mortality risk (P interaction <0.05).
- Compared with guideline-recommended MVPA and normal sleep duration, participants without recommended MVPA and with short sleep had higher all-cause mortality (HR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.61–2.20), as did those with long sleep (HR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.49–1.90).
- In joint categories, low physical activity plus short sleep (HR = 2.51; 95% CI, 2.07–3.05) and low physical activity plus long sleep (HR = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.80–2.36) were associated with the highest all-cause mortality risk versus high physical activity plus normal sleep; higher physical activity or recommended MVPA attenuated short- and long-sleep mortality risks for all-cause and CVD mortality.
Methods
- Population-based prospective UK Biobank cohort of 92,221 participants (mean age 62.4 ± 7.8 years; 56.4% women) with valid 7-day wrist-worn Axivity AX3 accelerometer data collected February 2013–December 2015.
- Sleep duration was categorized as short (<6 h/day), normal (6–8 h/day), or long (>8 h/day); total physical activity was categorized by tertiles as low (≤24.0 mg), intermediate (24.0–30.4 mg), or high (≥30.4 mg); MVPA was categorized as recommended or not recommended according to WHO guidelines (≥150 min moderate, or ≥75 min vigorous, or equivalent per week).
- Mortality outcomes were prospectively collected from death registries; multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with restricted cubic splines, interaction analyses, and joint-category analyses were used, with sensitivity analyses for missing data, accelerometer wear time, prevalent illness, reverse causation, and COVID-19 censoring.
Limitations
- Paper-stated limitations include no accounting for prospective changes in sleep duration and physical activity; unusual sleep duration was not age-adjusted; observational residual confounding and reverse causation could not be fully ruled out; covariates were assessed nearly six years before baseline; sedentary behavior was not included due to correlation with physical activity and sleep; only sleep duration, not other sleep patterns, was examined; and the UK Biobank sample is not representative of the UK population.
- Evident from the text: the reported all-cause mortality HR for MVPA exceeding the WHO recommendation is 0.67 with a 95% CI of 0.48–0.59, which is internally inconsistent and likely a typographical error.
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39 Not checked yet · 22 Own result · 18 Own method · 13 Own interpretation · 1 No basis given
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“Sleep duration was associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in U-and L-shaped patterns, respectively, in the non-linear analyses (both P nonlinearity <0.001) (Figure 1A and B).”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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“The combinations of a low volume of PA with short (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 2.07-3.05)and long sleep duration (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.80-2.36)were associated with the highest risk of all-cause mortality”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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“A higher volume of PA or recommended MVPA attenuated the detrimental effects of short or long sleep duration on all-cause and CVD mortality risks.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Abstract
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“Engagement of MVPA above the recommended target (150 min/ week), compared with below the target, showed a trend of completely reducing the excess risks of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality associated with short and long sleep duration.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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“As a categorized variable, compared with normal sleep duration, only short sleep duration dra- matically increased the risk of all-cause [hazard ratio (HR), 1.34; 95% CI, 1.18-1.51]and CVD (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.29-1.89)mortality in the additional adjusted multivariate Cox models (see Supplementary material online, Model S2, Supplementary material online, eTable S6).”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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“Compared with the participants with guideline-recommended MVPA and normal sleep duration, those without recommended MVPA but having short or long sleep duration were at a higher risk for all-cause mortality [short sleep: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61-2.20;long sleep: HR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.49-1.90].”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Abstract
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“When stratified by categories of the total volume of PA, a decreasing trend of mortality risk associated with both short and long sleep duration was observed following a higher volume of PA.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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“A higher volume of PA, compared with a low volume of PA, achieved a dramatic benefit of almost 50% reduced all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality risks (see Supplementary material online, eTable S7).”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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“However, sleep duration was not significantly associated with cancer mortality (Figure 1C).”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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“When categorized by the total volume of PA, the lowest risk of death occurred in the group with normal sleep duration and a high volume of PA (reference group) (Figure 3A).”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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“Similar gradient patterns were observed regarding the outcomes of CVD and cancer mortality.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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“A higher volume of PA or recommended MVPA attenuated the detrimental effects of short or long sleep duration on all-cause and CVD mortality risks.”
- Also stated in: § Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality · plain
“When stratified by categories of the total volume of PA, a decreasing trend of mortality risk associated with both short and long sleep duration was observed following a higher volume of PA.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“In contrast, the mortality risks of short and long sleep duration were similar to those of normal sleep duration among participants with a higher volume of total PA.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Abstract
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- Also stated in: § Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality · plain
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In the paper
“Sleep duration was associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in U-and L-shaped patterns, respectively, in the non-linear analyses (both P nonlinearity <0.001) (Figure 1A and B).”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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“Compared with the participants with guideline-recommended MVPA and normal sleep duration, those without recommended MVPA but having short or long sleep duration were at a higher risk for all-cause mortality [short sleep: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61-2.20;long sleep: HR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.49-1.90].”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Abstract
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In the paper
“As a categorized variable, compared with normal sleep duration, only short sleep duration dra- matically increased the risk of all-cause [hazard ratio (HR), 1.34; 95% CI, 1.18-1.51]and CVD (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.29-1.89)mortality in the additional adjusted multivariate Cox models (see Supplementary material online, Model S2, Supplementary material online, eTable S6).”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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“Another important finding was that meeting the guidelinerecommended PA target (150 min/week for MVPA) can diminish the most detrimental effects on all-cause and CVD mortality associated with either short or long sleep duration.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
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“Of note, we found a steeper decline in mortality risk immediately after improving PA levels among long sleepers compared with short sleepers.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
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“By using accelerometer-measured sleep duration and PA, our study revealed directly that the detrimental effect of short or long sleep could be fully eliminated by recommended level of MVPA or by a higher volume of PA at any intensity.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
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“We analysed the association of sedentary behaviour with PA by defining sedentary as any epoch with a mean acceleration <30 mg outside the SPT window according to similar studies, 41 and did find a significant correlation between them (Spearman's correlation: ρtotal volume of PA = -0.706,ρMVPA = -0.357).”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
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“The majority of the detrimental associations of unusual sleep duration with mortality may be mitigated by engaging in a higher volume of PA or meeting the lower threshold of the WHO recommendation for MVPA.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Conclusions
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“This population-based cohort study suggested that PA and sleep duration were jointly associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer-caused mortality risks among middle-aged and older adults, by using objective measures.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Conclusions
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“MVPA meeting recommendations or a higher volume of PA at any intensity potentially diminished the adverse effects on allcause and cause-specific mortality associated with short and long sleep duration.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Abstract
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“The results of joint analyses remained consistently significant even after multiple testing correction using the FDR method.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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“However, most of the results remained robustly consistent in all the sensitivity analyses”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Sensitivity analyses
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“The independent associations remained significant after multiple testing correction using the FDR method (all FDR-adjusted P < 0.05).”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
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In the paper
“Evidence on the combined effects of PA and sleep duration on mortality risk has been inconclusive.7,8,9,10”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] Bellavia, 2014, Sleep duration and survival percentiles across categories of physical activity, Am J Epidemiol source
- Not checked yetcites [8] Wennman, 2017, Leisure time physical activity and sleep predict mortality in men irrespective of background in competitive sports, Prog Prev Med source
- Not checked yetcites [9] Huang, 2022, Sleep and physical activity in relation to all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality risk, Br J Sports Med source
- Not checked yetcites [10] Duncan, 2023, Associations between aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity, sleep duration, and risk of all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study of 282,473 U. S. Adults, J Sport Health Sci source
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In the paper
“Time spent in PA and sleep is co-dependent.5”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Chastin, 2021, Joint association between accelerometry-measured daily combination of time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep and all-cause mortality: a pooled analysis of six prospective cohorts using compositional analysis, Br J Sports Med source
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In the paper
“Conversely, in a cohort of former elite male athletes, Wennman H et al. observed that leisure time PA levels modified the associations of short sleep duration, but not long sleep duration, with all-cause mortality.8”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Wennman, 2017, Leisure time physical activity and sleep predict mortality in men irrespective of background in competitive sports, Prog Prev Med source
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In the paper
“Instead, PA reinforces cardiorespiratory fitness, 31 inhibits inflammatory responses, 32 and improves glucose metabolism.33”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] Nayor, 2021, Physical activity and fitness in the community: the Framingham Heart Study, Eur Heart J source
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In the paper
“An accelerometer largely offsets the recall bias occurring in the application of self-reported questionnaires.11”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] Sabia, 2014, Association between questionnaire- and accelerometer-assessed physical activity: the role of sociodemographic factors, Am J Epidemiol source
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In the paper
“Instead, PA reinforces cardiorespiratory fitness, 31 inhibits inflammatory responses, 32 and improves glucose metabolism.33”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [33] Loh, 2020, Effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with physical activity breaks on blood glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Sports Med source
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In the paper
“Maintaining normal sleep duration is important but not sufficient; long-term engagement in PA meeting recommendations combined with healthy sleep may yield greater benefits in maintaining longevity.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
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In the paper
“However, previous analyses of the data from the UK Biobank suggest that the pattern of sleep and PA remain relatively stable over time.37,38”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] Dwyer, 2015, Objectively measured daily steps and subsequent long term all-cause mortality: the Tasped prospective cohort study, PLoS One
- Not checked yetcites [38] Fatima, 2020, Sleep trajectories and mediators of poor sleep: findings from the longitudinal analysis of 41,094 participants of the UK Biobank cohort, Sleep Med source
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In the paper
“The proportional hazards assumption was confirmed with Schoenfeld residuals for all Cox models.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Statistical analyses
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“However, unlike short sleep, long sleep may act as a surrogate marker of residual confounding due to poor health.35”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [35] Boal, 2020, Shorter sleep: a new potential target to address cardiovascular and metabolic risk?, Cardiovasc Res source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The subjective measures likely underestimate the total amount of PA, 13 which may be attributed to the lack of consideration of light-intensity PA with an unstructured nature and dispersion during the day.14”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Lee, 2014, Using accelerometers to measure physical activity in large-scale epidemiological studies: issues and challenges, Br J Sports Med source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This threshold also nearly approached the turning point, as reported by the Taiwanese cohort study (15 MET-h/week).25”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25] Chen, 2022, Can physical activity eliminate the mortality risk associated with poor sleep? A 15-year follow-up of 341,248 MJ cohort participants, J Sport Health Sci source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal an interactive joint association of the two time-dependent lifestyles, PA and sleep duration as objectively measured by an accelerometer, with mortality risk.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Subjective sleep duration may be biased by the current mental or physical health status.12”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] Jackowska, 2011, Psychosocial factors and sleep efficiency: discrepancies between subjective and objective evaluations of sleep, Psychosom Med source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Notably, the key limitation of all these studies is selfreported PA and sleep measures, commonly subject to recall and response bias.11,12”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] Sabia, 2014, Association between questionnaire- and accelerometer-assessed physical activity: the role of sociodemographic factors, Am J Epidemiol source
- Not checked yetcites [12] Jackowska, 2011, Psychosocial factors and sleep efficiency: discrepancies between subjective and objective evaluations of sleep, Psychosom Med source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the same cohort as in the current study, Huang BH et al. found that the association of a composited sleep score that included self-reported sleep duration with all-cause and CVD mortality risks was only partly attenuated by even the highest level of MVPA. 9”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Huang, 2022, Sleep and physical activity in relation to all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality risk, Br J Sports Med source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings likely support the hypothesis that the detrimental associations between long sleep duration and death might partly be compensated by prolonging the time for engaging in PA.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Instead, PA reinforces cardiorespiratory fitness, 31 inhibits inflammatory responses, 32 and improves glucose metabolism.33”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [32] Frodermann, 2019, Exercise reduces inflammatory cell production and cardiovascular inflammation via instruction of hematopoietic progenitor cells, Nat Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Third, despite careful consideration of confounding factors, due to the observational nature of the study, the issues of residual confounding and reverse causation could not be completely ruled out.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A previous analysis, however, revealed that the exposure-outcome associations of the UK Biobank are comparable to observations from other more representative samples.43”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [43] Batty, 2020, Comparison of risk factor associations in UK Biobank against representative, general population based studies with conventional response rates: prospective cohort study and individual participant meta-analysis, Bmj source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fourth, most covariates were assessed during the physical visits to the assessment centres, nearly six years before the present study baseline (date of accelerometer mail-out).”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
- Probably not a substantial claim. 37
In the paper
“The spline analyses suggested that the maximal risk reduction was observed at about 25 mg for the total volume of PA and 150 min per week for MVPA, nearly meeting the lower threshold of the WHO recommendation for PA.21”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [21] Bull, 2020, World health organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour, Br J Sports Med source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“PA and sleep duration had additive and multiplicative interactions on mortality risk (P interaction <0.05).”
- Also stated in: § Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality · plain
“we found significant additive and/or multiplicative interactions of short sleep duration, the total volume of PA, and MVPA with all mortality outcomes (see Supplementary material online, eTables S8 and S9).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“The most striking finding was that objectively measured PA and sleep duration had significantly additive and interactive effects on mortality risks.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 3,080- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The associations of PA and sleep duration with mortality risk were all in a curvilinear dose-response pattern (P nonlinearity <0.001).”
- Also stated in: § Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality · plain
“Non-linear dose-response patterns were observed in the associations of a higher amount of total PA or MVPA with a reduced risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality (all P overall <0.001; all P nonlinearity <0.001) (Figure 1).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“First, accelerometer-measured PA (total volume of PA and time spent in MVPA) and sleep duration were independently associated with mortality in a curvilinear dose-response manner.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 3,080- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality · plain
In the paper
“We analysed the association of sedentary behaviour with PA by defining sedentary as any epoch with a mean acceleration <30 mg outside the SPT window according to similar studies, 41 and did find a significant correlation between them (Spearman's correlation: ρtotal volume of PA = -0.706,ρMVPA = -0.357).”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41] Kandola, 2021, Impact of replacing sedentary behaviour with other movement behaviours on depression and anxiety symptoms: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank, BMC Med source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our study replicated the previous observations in a much larger sample using .accelerometer-measured data, which can substantially offset the pitfalls of self-reported data and provide more reliable estimates of prospective associations of sleep and PA with mortality.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“a higher level of PA was reported to modify mortality risks associated with either only short sleep duration, 8 only long sleep duration, 7 or both.10”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Wennman, 2017, Leisure time physical activity and sleep predict mortality in men irrespective of background in competitive sports, Prog Prev Med source
- Not checked yetcites [7] Bellavia, 2014, Sleep duration and survival percentiles across categories of physical activity, Am J Epidemiol source
- Not checked yetcites [10] Duncan, 2023, Associations between aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity, sleep duration, and risk of all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study of 282,473 U. S. Adults, J Sport Health Sci source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“PA is also suggested to exert short-term effects on sleep duration.6”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Wendt, 2022, Short-term effect of physical activity on sleep health: a population-based study using accelerometry, J Sport Health Sci source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“mounting evidence has suggested that short or long sleep duration significantly increases mortality risk in a U-or J-shaped pattern.3,4”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] Liu, 2017, Sleep duration and risk of all-cause mortality: a flexible, non-linear, meta-regression of 40 prospective cohort studies, Sleep Med Rev source
- Not checked yetcites [4] Svensson, 2021, Association of sleep duration with all- and major-cause mortality among adults in Japan, China, Singapore, and Korea, JAMA Netw Open source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Our study using accelerometry offered robust evidence supporting the large body of research relying on self-reported data, showing independent associations of PA and sleep duration with mortality.3,4”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] Liu, 2017, Sleep duration and risk of all-cause mortality: a flexible, non-linear, meta-regression of 40 prospective cohort studies, Sleep Med Rev source
- Not checked yetcites [4] Svensson, 2021, Association of sleep duration with all- and major-cause mortality among adults in Japan, China, Singapore, and Korea, JAMA Netw Open source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“PA is well recognized as a beneficial factor that can reduce up to 70% risk for premature mortality.2”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2] Ekelund, 2019, Dose-response associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time and all cause mortality: systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis, BMJ source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“To date, several studies have attempted to explore the additive effects of sleep duration and PA on mortality risk, reproducing some conflicting findings.7,8,25”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] Bellavia, 2014, Sleep duration and survival percentiles across categories of physical activity, Am J Epidemiol source
- Not checked yetcites [8] Wennman, 2017, Leisure time physical activity and sleep predict mortality in men irrespective of background in competitive sports, Prog Prev Med source
- Not checked yetcites [25] Chen, 2022, Can physical activity eliminate the mortality risk associated with poor sleep? A 15-year follow-up of 341,248 MJ cohort participants, J Sport Health Sci source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Missing data of covariates (missing rate <5%, Supplementary material online, eTable S3) were inputted with multiple imputations by chained equations to minimize the potential inferential.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Statistical analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maintaining normal sleep duration is important but not sufficient; long-term engagement in PA meeting recommendations combined with healthy sleep may yield greater benefits in maintaining longevity.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As for short sleep duration, the suggested causal links to adverse health outcomes included a series of pathologies including, hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, 26 insulin resistance, 27 endothelial dysfunctions, 28 and inflammation.29”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [27] Dorenbos, 2015, Sleep efficiency as a determinant of insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adolescents, Diabetes Obes Metab source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“To date, several studies have attempted to explore the additive effects of sleep duration and PA on mortality risk, reproducing some conflicting findings.7,8,25”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] Bellavia, 2014, Sleep duration and survival percentiles across categories of physical activity, Am J Epidemiol source
- Not checked yetcites [8] Wennman, 2017, Leisure time physical activity and sleep predict mortality in men irrespective of background in competitive sports, Prog Prev Med source
- Not checked yetcites [25] Chen, 2022, Can physical activity eliminate the mortality risk associated with poor sleep? A 15-year follow-up of 341,248 MJ cohort participants, J Sport Health Sci source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“An earlier Swedish cohort with a 15-year follow-up demonstrated that the detrimental effects on survival associated with long sleep duration, but not short sleep duration, were most evident among individuals with low levels of PA. 7”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] Bellavia, 2014, Sleep duration and survival percentiles across categories of physical activity, Am J Epidemiol source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present study had some strengths, including a large sample size and the adoption of accelerometer.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Exercise training effectively alleviates endothelial Figure 3 Continued dysfunction triggered by sleep loss, possibly through inflammation pathways.34”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] Sauvet, 2017, Protective effects of exercise training on endothelial dysfunction induced by total sleep deprivation in healthy subjects, Int J Cardiol source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“As for short sleep duration, the suggested causal links to adverse health outcomes included a series of pathologies including, hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, 26 insulin resistance, 27 endothelial dysfunctions, 28 and inflammation.29”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Zhang, 2011, Relationship of sleep quantity and quality with 24-hour urinary catecholamines and salivary awakening cortisol in healthy middle-aged adults, Sleep source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our findings support the need to encourage the maintenance of guideline-recommended PA levels to improve longevity, especially among individuals with extremely short or long sleep duration.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Another study in a Taiwan Chinese population-based cohort showed that short and long sleep duration was no longer associated with the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality when achieving a PA level of 15 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h/week or above.9,25”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Huang, 2022, Sleep and physical activity in relation to all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality risk, Br J Sports Med source
- Not checked yetcites [25] Chen, 2022, Can physical activity eliminate the mortality risk associated with poor sleep? A 15-year follow-up of 341,248 MJ cohort participants, J Sport Health Sci source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our findings highlight that the promotions targeting both PA and sleep duration may be more effective in preventing or delaying premature death among the middle-aged population than solely targeting either behaviour.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The inconsistent observations concerning short or long sleep duration possibly arise from heterogeneities of study populations or daily light exposure associated with the geographical location, insufficient statistical power due to smaller sample size, or measurement bias.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As for short sleep duration, the suggested causal links to adverse health outcomes included a series of pathologies including, hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, 26 insulin resistance, 27 endothelial dysfunctions, 28 and inflammation.29”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] Holmer, 2021, Effects of sleep deprivation on endothelial function in adult humans: a systematic review, Geroscience source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Sleep deprivation significantly promotes excess energy intake and visceral obesity.30”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [30] Covassin, 2022, Effects of experimental sleep restriction on energy intake, energy expenditure, and visceral obesity, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our study testified the research question in a larger population with more reliable measures of sleep duration and PA using an accelerometer.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“these studies have implied that sufficient PA attenuates the mortality risk related to unhealthy sleep.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] Bellavia, 2014, Sleep duration and survival percentiles across categories of physical activity, Am J Epidemiol source
- Not checked yetcites [8] Wennman, 2017, Leisure time physical activity and sleep predict mortality in men irrespective of background in competitive sports, Prog Prev Med source
- Not checked yetcites [9] Huang, 2022, Sleep and physical activity in relation to all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality risk, Br J Sports Med source
- Not checked yetcites [10] Duncan, 2023, Associations between aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity, sleep duration, and risk of all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study of 282,473 U. S. Adults, J Sport Health Sci source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, the definition of unusual sleep duration was not adjusted according to age, which may introduce a misclassification bias.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, our study did not account for prospective changes in sleep duration and PA.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The inconsistent observations concerning short or long sleep duration possibly arise from heterogeneities of study populations or daily light exposure associated with the geographical location, insufficient statistical power due to smaller sample size, or measurement bias.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present study had some strengths, including a large sample size and the adoption of accelerometer.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The multiple health benefits of PA may potentially serve as a mechanism for attenuation of PA or elimination of the detrimental association of short sleep duration with mortality.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Since PA and sleep are timedependent behaviours, sleeping for extremely long durations might compromise the time available for PA.36”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Cassidy, 2016, Cross-sectional study of diet, physical activity, television viewing and sleep duration in 233,110 adults from the UK Biobank; the behavioural phenotype of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, BMJ Open source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“However, the distributions of normal, short, and long sleep duration in this study were similar to that in other middle-aged and older populations.39”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39] Abdalla, 2020, Objective short sleep duration and 24-hour blood pressure, Int J Cardiol Hypertens source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably, if sleep restriction or excessive time spent in bed is inevitably avoided, engaging a sufficient amount of PA would be considered as a practical and feasible strategy to partly compensate for the harmful effects resulting from unhealthy sleep.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“As for short sleep duration, the suggested causal links to adverse health outcomes included a series of pathologies including, hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, 26 insulin resistance, 27 endothelial dysfunctions, 28 and inflammation.29”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [29] Irwin, 2016, Sleep disturbance, sleep duration, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and experimental sleep deprivation, Biol Psychiatry source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The total volume of PA was measured as the weekly average vector magnitude in milligravity (mg) units (field ID 90012), which is a wellvalidated surrogate for global PA.17,18”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] White, 2016, Estimation of physical activity energy expenditure during free-living from wrist accelerometry in UK adults, PLoS One source
- Not checked yetcites [18] White, 2019, Estimating energy expenditure from wrist and thigh accelerometry in free-living adults: a doubly labelled water study, Int J Obes (Lond) source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The inconsistent observations concerning short or long sleep duration possibly arise from heterogeneities of study populations or daily light exposure associated with the geographical location, insufficient statistical power due to smaller sample size, or measurement bias.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The P values and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were further adjusted using a false discovery rate (FDR) method in the main analyses to address the multiple testing issues.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Statistical analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Last, the sample from the UK Biobank is not representative of the population of the UK, which may limit the generalization of the current findings.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fifth, sedentary behaviour is not included in the current analyses due to its possible association with PA and sleep, which would violate the premise of Cox proportional hazards regression models.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“These parameters are not investigated in the current study because accelerometer is limited in measuring parameters other than sleep/wake states.42”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] Depner, 2020, Wearable technologies for developing sleep and circadian biomarkers: a summary of workshop discussions, Sleep source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, we further adjusted for prevalent illness at baseline, removed deaths in the first two years of followup, and excluded participants with baseline CVD and cancer in the sensitivity analyses.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, these covariates have been proven to be stable over time, 40 indicating that such a time lag is not likely to affect the reliability of the current findings.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [40] Strain, 2020, Wearable-device-measured physical activity and future health risk, Nat Med source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Sixth, besides sleep duration, various sleep patterns and sleep behavioural issues have been found to be associated with excessive mortality risks.9,25”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Huang, 2022, Sleep and physical activity in relation to all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality risk, Br J Sports Med source
- Not checked yetcites [25] Chen, 2022, Can physical activity eliminate the mortality risk associated with poor sleep? A 15-year follow-up of 341,248 MJ cohort participants, J Sport Health Sci source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, we further adjusted for prevalent illness at baseline, removed deaths in the first two years of followup, and excluded participants with baseline CVD and cancer in the sensitivity analyses.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, we further adjusted for prevalent illness at baseline, removed deaths in the first two years of followup, and excluded participants with baseline CVD and cancer in the sensitivity analyses.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
No prior study has examined the joint effects of physical activity and sleep duration on mortality risk using accelerometry.
“To the best of our knowledge, no study till date has examined the joint effects of PA and sleep duration on mortality risk using accelerometry.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Accelerometer measurements provide reliable and objective estimates of physical activity and sleep duration across consecutive days.
“In contrast to subjective measures, the accelerometer provides reliable and objective estimates of PA and sleep duration across consecutive days.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A 7-day accelerometer recording adequately represents habitual physical activity and sleep duration for estimating long-term mortality risk.
“A 7-day accelerometer recording was performed on 92 221 participants (age 62.4 ± 7.8 years; 56.4% women) from the UK Biobank between February 2013 and December 2015.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Instead, undertaking accelerometer-measured light-intensity PA (LPA) at intensity levels lower than 3.0 metabolite equivalents (METs) could be an easier choice than MVPA for enhancing health.10, 11, 12”
From Accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and incidence of macrovascular and microvascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
“all-cause (HR, 0.67;”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
“95% CI, 0.48-0.59)”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Baseline characteristics
“Relative to the normal sleep duration group, younger age, a higher proportion of obesity and prevalent CVD and cancer, taking shifts at work, and insufficient MVPA were found among the short sleep duration group.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
“Cancer history 13 426 (14.6) 793 (12.1) 9577 (14.2) 3056 (16.8)”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration
“The total volume of PA was measured as the weekly average vector magnitude in milligravity (mg) units”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration
“The minutes of MPA and VPA throughout 1 week was summed to form the total volume of PA, which was categorized by tertiles as low (≤24.0mg), intermediate (24.0-30.4mg), or high (≥30.4mg).”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Baseline characteristics
“In contrast, the long sleep duration group were older and more likely to be women and obese and had more comorbidities but less amount of PA.”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
“Obese (≥30 kg/m2) 17 987 (19.5) 1852 (28.3) 12 896 (19.1) 3239 (17.8)”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Baseline characteristics
“39.1% did not meet MVPA recommended targets”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Independent associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration with mortality
“Recommended MVPA [n (%)] 36 031 (39.1) 2468 (37.7) 27 157 (40.2) 6406 (35.3)Not recommended MVPA [n (%)] 56 190 (60.9)”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Conclusions
“five knots”
§ Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry > Conclusions
“at the 5th, 35th, 65th, and 95th percentiles of each exposure”
Citations
Cites
Sudlow, C., Gallacher, J., Allen, N., Beral, V., Burton, P., Danesh, J., Downey, P., Elliott, P., Green, J., Landray, M., et al. (2015) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001779 · Cited by 12,728
World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J.-P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955 · Cited by 11,657
Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., & Carroll, J. E. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.014 · Cited by 2,085
Ekelund, U., Tarp, J., Steene-Johannessen, J., Hansen, B. H., Jefferis, B., Fagerland, M. W., Whincup, P., Diaz, K. M., Hooker, S. P., Chernofsky, A., et al. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l4570 · Cited by 1,769
Doherty, A., Jackson, D., Hammerla, N., Plötz, T., Olivier, P., Granat, M. H., White, T., van Hees, V. T., Trenell, M. I., Owen, C. G., et al. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169649 · Cited by 1,250
Sleep and exercise: A reciprocal issue?
Chennaoui, M., Arnal, P. J., Sauvet, F., & Léger, D. (2014) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.06.008 · Cited by 770
Jones, S. E., Lane, J. M., Wood, A. R., van Hees, V. T., Tyrrell, J., Beaumont, R. N., Jeffries, A. R., Dashti, H. S., Hillsdon, M., Ruth, K. S., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08259-7 · Cited by 691
Batty, G. D., Gale, C. R., Kivimäki, M., Deary, I. J., & Bell, S. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m131 · Cited by 635
Lee, I.-M., & Shiroma, E. J. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093154 · Cited by 415
Wearable-device-measured physical activity and future health risk
Strain, T., Wijndaele, K., Dempsey, P. C., Sharp, S. J., Pearce, M., Jeon, J., Lindsay, T., Wareham, N., & Brage, S. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1012-3 · Cited by 355
Cited by
Sorted by citations
You, Y., Ablitip, A., Chen, Y., Ding, H., Chen, K., Cui, Y., & Ma, X. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19432-7 · Cited by 75
“These areas encompass aging process [23], metabolic health [24], cognitive performance [25–27], cardiovascular function [28–30], insulin resistance [31], mental health [32–34], mitochondrial function [31, 35], and all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks [36].”
BackgroundSelf-citationWearables in Chronomedicine and Interpretation of Circadian Health
Gubin, D. G., Weinert, D., Stefani, O., Otsuka, K., Borisenkov, M. F., & Cornélissen, G. (2025) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics15030327 · Cited by 75
“Recent UK Biobank-based studies found that engaging in moderate physical activity can help reduce the negative influence of both short and long sleep duration on the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease [265] and the effect of short sleep on the incidence of type 2 diabetes [266].”
Rogers, E. M., Banks, N. F., & Jenkins, N. D. M. (2024) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3667 · Cited by 62
“160 It can be hypothesised that these individuals, that is, those performing higher ‐ intensity physical activity, would have greater cardiorespiratory fitness.”
BackgroundMuse, E. D., & Topol, E. J. (2024) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.002 · Cited by 50
Ding, R., Ding, P., Tian, L., Kuang, X., Huang, B., & Lin, C. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.200 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- Liang, Y. Y., Feng, H., Chen, Y., Jin, X., Xue, H., Zhou, M., Ma, H., Ai, S., Wing, Y.-K., Geng, Q., & Zhang, J.
- Affiliations
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences (CN)
- Guangzhou Medical University (CN)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Jinan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Geng, Qingshan
- Zhang, Jihui
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2023-03-29
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 832-843
- ISSN
- 2047-4873 (ISSN-L)
- 2047-4881
- OpenAlex
- W4361269354
- Semantic Scholar
- 2409518e63bc600f512609cfa7a92113933c517b
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 7
- FWCI
- 18.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key (2021YFC2501500)
- National Natural Science Foundation (82101558, DFJH201811)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- physical activity, sleep duration, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, short sleep duration, long sleep, dose-response relationship, interaction effects, UK Biobank
- MeSH terms
- Sleep Duration, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Exercise, Accelerometry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-09, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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