Socio-economic disadvantage and body mass over the life course in women and men: results from the Northern Swedish Cohort
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity and body mass in adulthood relate both to current and to childhood socio-economic status, particularly in women, but the underlying life course processes are not known. This study aims at examining whether the life course socio-economic status-body mass association in women and men is explained by the cumulative risk or adolescent sensitive period models whether associations are similar at different life course stages; and whether health behaviours explain the associations. METHODS: A total of 476 women and 517 men participated in this 27-year prospective cohort study (participation rate 93%). Body mass index was assessed at the age of 16 and 43 years and self-reported at the age of 21 and 30 years. Information on socio-economic status by own or parental (age 16 years) occupation, smoking, snuff, alcohol, physical activity and diet was collected at each age. RESULTS: In women, cumulative socio-economic status and socio-economic status in adolescence were related to body mass index at the age of 16, 21, 30 and 43 years and to the 27-year change in body mass, independently of health behaviours and for adolescent socio-economic status also of later socio-economic attainment. Associations were generally stronger for body mass at older age. In men, associations were mostly non-significant, although health behaviours contributed strongly to body mass. CONCLUSIONS: In women, both the sensitive period (in adolescence) and cumulative risk models explain the socio-economic-body mass link. Efforts to reduce the social inequality in body mass in women should be directed at the early life course, but focusing on unhealthy behaviours might not be a sufficient approach.
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“More frequent daily eating occasions have been associated with a higher diet quality (4) and better appetite control (6) .”
From Irregular eating of meals in adolescence and the metabolic syndrome in adulthood: results from a 27-year prospective cohort (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Gustafsson, P. E., Persson, M., & Hammarstrom, A.
- Affiliations
- Umeå University (SE)
- ORCID
- Gustafsson, P. E.
- Venue
- The European Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-05-26
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 322-327
- ISSN
- 1101-1262 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-360X
- OpenAlex
- W2142830881
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Forskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- socioeconomic status, body mass index, obesity, life course, cumulative risk model, health behavior, sex differences, Northern Swedish Cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Style, Male, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Sweden, Health Behavior, Body Mass Index, Health Status Disparities, Young Adult
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