Socioeconomic Status and Obesity

McLaren, L.

doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm001

Cited by 1,968Obesity, Physical Activity, DietHealth disparities and outcomesObesity and Health Practices

Socioeconomic Status and Obesity

McLaren, L.·2007·Epidemiologic Reviews

DOI 10.1093/epirev/mxm001

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Abstract

The objective of this review was to update Sobal and Stunkard's exhaustive review of the literature on the relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity (Psychol Bull 1989;105:260-75). Diverse research databases (including CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, and Social Science Abstracts) were comprehensively searched during the years 1988-2004 inclusive, using "obesity," "socioeconomic status," and synonyms as search terms. A total of 333 published studies, representing 1,914 primarily cross-sectional associations, were included in the review. The overall pattern of results, for both men and women, was of an increasing proportion of positive associations and a decreasing proportion of negative associations as one moved from countries with high levels of socioeconomic development to countries with medium and low levels of development. Findings varied by SES indicator; for example, negative associations (lower SES associated with larger body size) for women in highly developed countries were most common with education and occupation, while positive associations for women in medium- and low-development countries were most common with income and material possessions. Patterns for women in higher- versus lower-development countries were generally less striking than those observed by Sobal and Stunkard; this finding is interpreted in light of trends related to globalization. Results underscore a view of obesity as a social phenomenon, for which appropriate action includes targeting both economic and sociocultural factors.

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The inverse relationship between SES and BMI exists.
“Given the inverse relationship between SES and BMI [101,102], obesity can also be viewed as a social phenomenon.”
From Food Addiction and Psychosocial Adversity: Biological Embedding, Contextual Factors, and Public Health Implications (2020) · cites this paper as [102]
Taken together, these findings suggest that conscientiousness is related to lower inflammation through protective effects on body mass/adiposity, and that these indirect effects may be stronger at lower levels of SES.
“Taken together, these findings suggest that conscientiousness is related to lower inflammation through protective effects on body mass/adiposity, and that these indirect effects may be stronger at lower levels of SES.”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [56]
In prior studies BMI partly explained independent associations of both SES and conscientiousness with markers of inflammation.
“In prior studies BMI partly explained independent associations of both SES and conscientiousness with markers of inflammation (25,56).”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [56]

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Background
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Authors: McLaren, L.
Affiliations: University of Calgary (CA)
Corresponding author: McLaren, L.
ORCID: McLaren, L.
Venue: Epidemiologic Reviews
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2007-05-02
Volume: 29
Issue: 1
Pages: 29-48
ISSN: 0193-936X (ISSN-L)
1478-6729
DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxm001
OpenAlex: W2153630285
Cited by: 1,968
References: 364
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 124 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 149 · 2016: 125 · 2015: 147 · 2014: 158 · 2013: 153 · 2012: 162
FWCI: 71.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Epidemiologic Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders: Public Health Agency of Canada
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
Keywords: socioeconomic status, obesity, body size, occupation, income, material possessions, gender differences, socio-economic development, globalization, social determinants of health, sociocultural factors
MeSH terms: Developing Countries, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Social Class, Global Health, Developed Countries

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