The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Well-being measurement and the WHO health policy Health 2010: systematic review of measurement scales
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Subjective well-being (SWB) contributes to health and mental health. It is a major objective of the new World Health Organization health policy framework, 'Health 2020'. Various approaches to defining and measuring well-being exist. We aimed to identify, map and analyse the contents of self-reported well-being measurement scales for use with individuals more than 15 years of age to help researchers and politicians choose appropriate measurement tools. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed for studies published between 2007 and 2012, with additional hand-searching, to identify empirical studies that investigated well-being using a measurement scale. For each eligible study, we identified the measurement tool and reviewed its components, number of items, administration time, validity, reliability, responsiveness and sensitivity. RESULTS: The literature review identified 60 unique measurement scales. Measurement scales were either multidimensional (n = 33) or unidimensional (n = 14) and assessed multiple domains. The most frequently encountered domains were affects (39 scales), social relations (17 scales), life satisfaction (13 scales), physical health (13 scales), meaning/achievement (9 scales) and spirituality (6 scales). The scales included between 1 and 100 items; the administration time varied from 1 to 15 min. CONCLUSIONS: Well-being is a higher order construct. Measures seldom reported testing for gender or cultural sensitivity. The content and format of scales varied considerably. Effective monitoring and comparison of SWB over time and across geographic regions will require further work to refine definitions of SWB. We recommend concurrent evaluation of at least three self-reported SWB measurement scales, including evaluation for gender or cultural sensitivity.
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“In addition, the SLR identified two prior reviews of ‘well-being’ scales (using a very broad definition of well-being that included quality of life, physical well-being, and health), which found 99 and 60 PROs respectively [6, 7].”
From Patient-reported outcome measures for life engagement in mental health: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Previous reviews have highlighted some of the available tools.29–31 However, not all have used systematic methods for identifying measures.”
From Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
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“In previous reviews,30 31 60 or fewer instruments were identified; however, in our review 99 are reported.”
From Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
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“Lindert et al. (2015) have also published a systematic review of these measurement sales.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lindert, J., Bain, P. A., Kubzansky, L. D., & Stein, C.
- Affiliations
- Brandeis University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- The European Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-01-22
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 731-740
- ISSN
- 1101-1262 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-360X
- OpenAlex
- W2160933378
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Keywords
- subjective well-being, self-report measures, health policy, life satisfaction, affect, interpersonal relationships, spirituality, scale reliability and validity, intercultural sensitivity, gender sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Female, Health Status, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mental Health, Personal Satisfaction, Surveys and Questionnaires, World Health Organization, Reproducibility of Results, Spirituality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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