APOE e4 Genotype Predicts Severe COVID-19 in the UK Biobank Community Cohort
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Abstract
The novel respiratory disease COVID-19 produces varying symptoms, with fever, cough, and shortness of breath being common. In older adults, we found that pre-existing dementia is a major risk factor (OR = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.71 to 5.50) for COVID-19 hospitalization in the UK Biobank (UKB). In another UK study of 16,749 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, dementia was among the common comorbidities and was associated with higher mortality. Additionally, impaired consciousness, including delirium, is common in severe cases. The ApoE e4 genotype is associated with both dementia and delirium, with the e4e4 (homozygous) genotype associated with high risk of dementia. We therefore aimed to test associations between ApoE e4 alleles and COVID-19 severity, using the UKB data.
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Individuals with the ApoE3 allele may be more susceptible to severe forms of COVID-19 disease.
“Additionally, individuals with the ApoE3 allele may be more susceptible to severe forms of COVID-19 disease [183].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [183]
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- Authors
- Kuo, C.-L., Pilling, L. C., Atkins, J. L., Masoli, J. A. H., Delgado, J., Kuchel, G. A., & Melzer, D.
- Affiliations
- UConn Health (US)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Melzer, David
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology: Series A
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-05-26
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2231-2232
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC7314139
- OpenAlex
- W3031869734
- Cited by
- 388
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 117 · 2020: 69
- FWCI
- 10.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Royal Devon and Exeter Research Repository (Royal Devon and Exeter) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R21AG060018)
- UK Medical Research Council (MR/S009892/1)
- National Institute for Health Research (DRF-2014-07-177)
- Department of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- APOE ε4, COVID-19 severity, Alzheimer's disease risk, dementia, delirium, rs429358, rs7412, genetic susceptibility, older adults, UK Biobank, community-based cohort, SARS-CoV-2, European ancestry, comorbidities, mortality risk, hospitalization risk
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, England, Female, Homozygote, Humans, Male, Pneumonia, Viral, Severity of Illness Index, Survival Analysis, Biological Specimen Banks, Coronavirus Infections, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Apolipoprotein E4, Pandemics
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