Associations of computed tomography-based trunk muscle size and density with balance and falls in older adults
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BACKGROUND: Deficits in balance and muscle function are important risk factors for falls in older adults. Aging is associated with significant declines in muscle size and density, but associations of trunk muscle size and density with balance and falls in older adults have not been previously examined. METHODS: Trunk muscle size (cross-sectional area) and attenuation (a measure of tissue density) were measured in computed tomography scans (at the L2 lumbar level) in a cohort of older adults (mean ± SD age of 81.9±6.4) residing in independent living communities. Outcome measures were postural sway measured during quiet standing and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) at baseline, and falls reported by participants for up to 3 years after baseline measurements. RESULTS: Higher muscle density was associated with reduced postural sway, particularly sway velocities, in both men and women, and better Short Physical Performance Battery score in women, but was not associated with falls. Larger muscle size was associated with increased postural sway in men and women and with increased likelihood of falling in men. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that balance depends more on muscle quality than on the size of the muscle. The unexpected finding that larger muscle size was associated with increased postural sway and increased fall risk requires further investigation, but highlights the importance of factors besides muscle size in muscle function in older adults.
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Studies show decreased SPPB score (or other similar tests such as the modified physical performance test) are related to increased myosteatosis in lower extremity muscles.
“Studies that show decreased SPPB score (or other similar tests such as the modified physical performance test) are related to increased myosteatosis in lower extremity muscles (Hilton et al., 2008; Tuttle et al., 2011, 2012; Anderson et al., 2016).”
From Myosteatosis in the Context of Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit: An Interdisciplinary Workshop at the National Institute on Aging (2020) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Anderson, D. E., Quinn, E., Parker, E., Allaire, B. T., Muir, J. W., Rubin, C. T., Magaziner, J., Hannan, M. T., Bouxsein, M. L., & Kiel, D. P.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-10-26
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 811-816
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC4888389
- OpenAlex
- W1862549879
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 15.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01AG025489, K99AG042458, R01AR053986, P30AG028747)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- muscle density, muscle quality, balance, postural sway, falls, fall risk, older adults, Short Physical Performance Battery, computed tomography, cross-sectional area, muscle attenuation
- MeSH terms
- Accidental Falls, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Postural Balance, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Geriatric Assessment, Muscle, Skeletal, Independent Living, Torso
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