The Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Adult Mortality in a Developing Country: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Longitudinal Survey of Indonesian Adults
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OBJECTIVES: To estimate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and adult mortality in Indonesia and determine the contribution of adult behavioral risk factors to SES differences in mortality. METHODS: Discrete failure-time regression models and period life tables were used to estimate life expectancy at age 30 (e30) across wealth and consumption groups by sex and urban/rural residence. RESULTS: For urban men, e30 increases by an average of 1.10 years per wealth quartile (p = .014) from 38.7 years (95% confidence interval (CI): 37.4-40.5) in the bottom wealth quartile to 42.1 years (95% CI: 40.3-44.1) in the top quartile; for rural men, e30 increases by an average of 1.35 years per quartile (p = .007) from 40.6 years (95% CI: 39.2-42.5) in the bottom wealth quartile to 44.3 years (95% CI: 42.4-46.6) in the top quartile. SES differences are smaller for women. Behavioral risk factors are inconsistently patterned across SES and do not explain SES differences in mortality. DISCUSSION: The associations between SES and adult life expectancy in Indonesia are moderate when compared with developed countries and are not explained by traditional behavioral risk factors. In a context where behavioral risk factors are inconsistent across SES groups, mortality inequality may be driven by inequalities in health care access or other social factors.
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- Authors
- Sudharsanan, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sudharsanan, Nikkil
- ORCID
- Sudharsanan, Nikkil
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology: Series B
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-05-24
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 484-495
- ISSN
- 1079-5014 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-5368
- PMC
- PMC6377031
- OpenAlex
- W2618022510
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series B (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (T32 HD007242)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Social Sciences › Demography › Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
- Keywords
- socioeconomic status, adult mortality, life expectancy, wealth inequality, mortality inequality, behavioral risk factors, urban-rural differences, sex differences, health care access, Indonesia
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Developing Countries, Female, Humans, Indonesia, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Residence Characteristics, Rural Population, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban Population, Young Adult
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