Being Alone Versus Being with People: Disengagement in the Daily Experience of Older Adults.
Abstract
This research investigates the quantity and quality of time alone or "solitude" in the daily lives of older adults. A sample of 92 retired adults carried electronic pagers for 1 week and filled out self-reports on their companionship and internal states in response to signals received at random times. Analysis of the 3,412 reports indicates that those who were unmarried and living alone spent a majority of their waking hours alone and experienced low affect and arousal when in this dominant part of their lives. For the married, solitude was also a major part of daily life, filling 40% of their time, but, although it was related with somewhat lower affect, it was also related with higher arousal. These results suggest that being alone is not a wholley negative experience for this age group, especially for those who have the regular companionship of a spouse.
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Younger people tend to have more difficulty dealing with solitude than older people.
“the literature has indicated that younger people tend to have more difficulty dealing with solitude than older people (Larson et al., 1985; Lay et al., 2018).”
From Dealing With the Pandemic of COVID-19 in Portugal: On the Important Role of Positivity, Experiential Avoidance, and Coping Strategies (2021) · cites this paper as Larson et al., 1985
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- Authors
- Larson, R., Zuzanek, J., & Mannell, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- ORCID
- Larson, R.
- Venue
- Journal of Gerontology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1985-05-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 375-381
- ISSN
- 0022-1422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2084478074
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Keywords
- solitude, older adults, everyday life, companionship, marital status, living alone, affect, arousal, time use
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Cognition, Data Collection, Emotions, Employment, Female, Humans, Income, Interpersonal Relations, Loneliness, Male, Marriage, Middle Aged, Retirement, Sex Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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