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Predicting Changes in Physical Performance in a High-Functioning Elderly Cohort: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Performance-based measures of physical performance were examined for an older cohort of relatively high-functioning men and women. Relationships between baseline physical performance and sociodemographic and health status characteristics were also examined. Three-year pattern changes in performance are described, and sociodemographic and health status predictors of change are investigated. METHODS: A cohort of relatively high-functioning men and women, aged 70-79, was identified in 1988 by subsampling from three community-based studies on the basis of physical and cognitive function. Baseline in-home assessments included tests of physical performance and measurement of sociodemographic characteristics and health status. A summary measure of physical performance was developed from tests of balance, gait, lower body strength and coordination, and manual dexterity. In-home assessments were repeated at follow-up in 1991. RESULTS: Better physical performance at baseline was more common among males, Whites, those reporting higher income and education, and those with fewer chronic conditions. In linear regression models, declines in performance were predicted by older age, lower income, higher education, relative weight and blood pressure, lower peak expiratory flow, prevalent diabetes and incident health conditions and hospitalizations during follow-up. Improvements in performance were also observed; the only significant association was with race (i.e., being Black). CONCLUSIONS: Declines in physical performance within a high-functioning cohort are predictable from sociodemographic and health status characteristics. The patterns of both decline and improvement in performance observed in this cohort suggest that older age is not uniformly associated with declines, indicating the potential for effective interventions to promote more successful aging.
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“The negative health consequences of high blood pressure (particularly systolic) have been recognized for decades, including higher death rates, the onset of cardiovascular disease, and the loss of both physical and cognitive functioning.[6][7][8][9]”
From Socio‐economic differentials in peripheral biology: Cumulative allostatic load (2010) · cites this paper as [8]
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Reproducibility of Physical Performance and Physiologic Assessments
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BackgroundSocial Integration Is Associated With Fibrinogen Concentration in Elderly Men
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“Consistent with this premise, black women in the WHAS cohort had poorer general heath and lung function and higher rates of obesity and diabetes all of which negatively impact physical function (Boult, Kane, Louis, Boult, & McCaffrey, 1994; Jensen & Friedmann, 2002; Seeman et al., 1994).”
ResultSocial position and functional decline among non-disabled old men and women
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Functional Tests in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Part 2: Measurement Properties
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BackgroundPrevalence of Successful Aging in the Elderly in Western Mexico
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GENDER DIFFERENCES AS FACTORS IN SUCCESSFUL AGEING: A FOCUS ON SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
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Self-citationOlder Women's Perceptions of Successful Aging
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Prevention of brain aging and dementia
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BackgroundResultLongest held occupation in a lifetime and risk of disability in activities of daily living
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Does Self-Reported Function Correspond to Objective Measures of Functional Impairment?
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Self-citationAllostatic load differs by sex and diet, but not age in older Japanese from the Goto Islands
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“Some studies have suggested that cognitive decline affects gait and the risk of falls (Seeman et al., 1994; Tabbarah et al., 2002; Sheridan et al., 2003), and Auyeung et al.”
BackgroundFunctional status and active life expectancy among senior citizens in a small town in Japan
Konno, K., Katsumata, Y., Arai, A., & Tamashiro, H. (2003) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2003.09.002 · Cited by 39
“Advanced age for ADL disability, is consistent with other studies (Guralnik et al., 1993; Kaplan et al., 1993; Mor et al., 1994; Seeman et al., 1994; Beland and Zunzunegui, 1999; Ishizaki et al., 2000).”
ResultPhysical Functional Performance in Persons Using a Manual Wheelchair
Cress, M. E., Kinne, S., Patrick, D. L., & Maher, E. (2002) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2002.32.3.104 · Cited by 39
Preoperative Assessment of Cancer in Elderly Patients: A Pilot Study
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Functional ability and nutritional status of free-living elderly people
Manandhar, M. (1995) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns19950067 · Cited by 39
“A high BMI was a strong independent risk factor for impaired function (reported difficulty in performing three or more ADL) in a large study of ambulatory old women in the USA (Ensrud et al. 1994), and was also found to be strongly associated with physical performance tests in a recent analysis of three large communit…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDevelopment of a Test of Physical Performance for the Nursing Home Setting
Binder, E. F., Miller, J. P., & Ball, L. J. (2001) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/41.5.671 · Cited by 39
“Performance-based measures are well recognized as a tool for identifying community-dwelling older adults at risk for functional decline and death (Guralnik, Ferrucci, Simonsick, Salive, & Wallace, 1995; Guralnik, Simonsick, & Ferrucci, 1996; Reuben, Rubenstein, Hirsch, & Hays, 1992; Reuben, Siu, & Kimpau, 1992; Seeman…”
Successful Aging across the Years
Weir, P. L., Meisner, B. A., & Baker, J. R. (2010) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105309353648 · Cited by 38
Angel, R. J., Angel, J. L., & Hill, T. D. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbn029 · Cited by 38
Physical Performance Trajectories and Mortality Among Older Mexican Americans
Mutambudzi, M. S., Chen, N.-W., Howrey, B. T., García, M. A., & Markides, K. S. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly013 · Cited by 38
Not Only Diabetes but Also Prediabetes Leads to Functional Decline and Disability in Older Adults
Shang, Y., Fratiglioni, L., Vetrano, D. L., Dove, A. E., Welmer, A., & Xu, W. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-2232 · Cited by 37
“relatively high-functioning older adults (22).”
MethodPhysical activity, mood and the functioning of daily living
Bäckmand, H. M., Kaprio, J. A., Kujala, U. M., & Sarna, S. J. (2008) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2007.09.002 · Cited by 37
“The follow-up studies have shown that physical inactivity at the baseline predicts greater disabilities of daily living at the follow-up (Seeman et al., 1994; Beckett et al., 1996; Hirvensalo et al., 2000; Bäckmand et al., 2006).”
BackgroundBrach, J. S., Solomon, C. C., Naydeck, B. L., Sutton‐Tyrrell, K., Enright, P., Jenny, N. S., Chaves, P. H. M., & Newman, A. B. (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01719.x · Cited by 36
Conceptual challenges in linking physical activity and disability research
STEWART, A. (2003) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00187-9 · Cited by 37
Successful Aging: Implications for Oral Health
Kiyak, H. A. (2000) · Journal of Public Health Dentistry · doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03335.x · Cited by 37
Koster, A., Bosma, H., van Lenthe, F. V., Kempen, G., Mackenbach, J., & van Eijk, J. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.045 · Cited by 37
Ávila‐Funes, J. A., Gray‐Donald, K., & Payette, H. (2008) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2008.10719730 · Cited by 35
Cognitive Status and Physical Function in Older African Americans
Nieto, M. L., Albert, S. M., Morrow, L. A., & Saxton, J. A. (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01938.x · Cited by 37
Successful Aging Shows Linkage to Chromosomes 6, 7, and 14 in the Amish
Edwards, D. R. V., Gilbert, J. R., Jiang, L., Gallins, P. J., Caywood, L. J., Creason, M., Fuzzell, D., Knebusch, C., Jackson, C. E., Pericak‐Vance, M. A., et al. (2011) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2011.00658.x · Cited by 36
“Criteria Test/cut-off Age >80 Cognitively intact 3MS >86 (education adjusted) No significant depressive symptoms GDS 6 “High function” self-reported measures of physical function 0 or 1 ADL and IADL scales 0 or 1 Nagi score 3 or 4 Rosow–Breslau score Lower extremity function >8 (12-point scale) EPESE Satisfied or very…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialDiet and Health Outcomes in Vulnerable Populations
Sharkey, J. R. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1425.020 · Cited by 37
Factors associated with decline in physical functional health in a cohort of older women
Sibbritt, D. W., Byles, J., & Regan, C. (2007) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afm017 · Cited by 35
“Peak Flow could also contribute to predictive ability [29, 30].”
BackgroundManku, K., & Leung, J. M. (2003) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-200302000-00052 · Cited by 35
“Among the comorbid conditions, diabetes mellitus, in particular, has been found to adversely influence the quality of life in both cardiac surgical patients (7) and also in a population study (20) similar to our current findings.”
ResultCavlak, U., Yağcı, N., Aslan, Ü. B., & Ekici, G. (2008) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2008.11.002 · Cited by 34
Yanagawa, N., Shimomitsu, T., Kawanishi, M., Fukunaga, T., & Kanehisa, H. (2016) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/s40101-016-0100-z · Cited by 34
“[35], who examined a high-functioning elderly cohort, the correlation coefficient between the time scores of 10-ft maximal walking and 5-time-repeated STS was 0.”
BackgroundTrajectories of Aging Among U.S. Older Adults: Mixed Evidence for a Hispanic Paradox
Tarraf, W., Jensen, G. A., Dillaway, H. E., Vásquez, P. M., & González, H. M. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gby057 · Cited by 33
“This measure was originally proposed by the MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging (McLaughlin et al., 2010; Seeman et al., 1994).”
MethodCastaneda‐Sceppa, C., Price, L. L., Noel, S. E., Midle, J. B., Falcón, L. M., & Tucker, K. L. (2010) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264310366738 · Cited by 32
“…equivalent to <0.4 m/s (Rolland et al., 2004); poor balance—a score <10 s while maintaining a tandem stand; poor chair stand time—a score ≥11.2 s (Guralnik et al., 1995; Seeman et al., 1994); poor foot tapping coordination—a score ≥9.8 s (above the median time it took to complete the 10-ft taps).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIoT/Sensor-Based Infrastructures Promoting a Sense of Home, Independent Living, Comfort and Wellness
Cahill, J., Portales, R., McLoughin, S., et al. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19030485 · Cited by 32
“…the residential care This includes the specification of the product concept, stakeholder requirements, the product’s technical architecture and associated software development. market includes the specification of the product concept, stakeholder requirements, the product’s technical architecture…”
BackgroundKim, M., & Won, C. W. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2021.11.007 · Cited by 39
Hinrichs, T., Bucchi, C., Brach, M., Wilm, S., Endres, H. G., Burghaus, I., Trampisch, H. J., & Platen, P. (2009) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-9-37 · Cited by 32
Metadata
- Authors
- Seeman, T. E., Charpentier, P. A., Berkman, L. F., Tinetti, M. E., Guralnik, J. M., Albert, M., Blazer, D., & Rowe, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Gerontology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1994-05-01
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- M97-M108
- ISSN
- 0022-1422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003173508
- Cited by
- 522
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 19.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- physical performance, successful aging, older adults, physical function decline, predictors of decline, balance, gait, lower limb strength, manual dexterity, sociodemographic factors, health status, chronic disease, diabetes mellitus, racial differences
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aging, Educational Status, Postural Balance, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting, Gait, Health Status, Humans, Income, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Motor Skills, Physical Fitness, Sex Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Cohort Studies, Linear Models, White People
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