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Bone mineral density during long-term use of the progestagen contraceptive implant Implanon® compared to a non-hormonal method of contraception
Abstract
An open, prospective, comparative study was done in healthy women, aged between 18 and 40 years, to study the effects of long-term etonogestrel treatment on bone mineral density (BMD). The control group used a non-hormone-medicated intrauterine device (IUD). The BMD was measured using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry instrument. Measurements included the lumbar spine (L(2)-L(4)), the proximal femur (femoral neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter) and distal radius. The period of treatment was 2 years and 44 women in the Implanon group and 29 in the IUD group provided data. Groups were comparable at baseline with respect to age, weight, body mass index, BMD and 17beta-oestradiol status. Changes from baseline in BMD in the Implanon group were not essentially different from those in the IUD group. There was no relationship between 17beta-oestradiol concentrations and changes in BMD in this study population. The results of the present study indicate that Implanon((R)) can safely be used in young women who have not yet achieved their peak bone mass.
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“The effect of ENG-implant on BMD was compared to a non-hormone medicated IUS. Changes from baseline on the ENG-group were comparable from those in the IUS group.”
From Oral and depot progestin therapy for endometriosis: towards a personalized medicine (2017) · cites this paper as [98]
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Mise au point sur la contraception progestative
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“n’a pas mis en évidence de variation ignificative de la DMO chez les femmes traitées par implant l’étonorgestrel ou DIU au cuivre pendant deux ans [54].”
BackgroundInfluentialBlack, A., Guilbert, É., Costescu, D., Dunn, S., Fisher, W. A., Kives, S. L., Mirosh, M., Norman, W. V., Pymar, H. C., Reid, R. L., et al. (2016) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2016.03.005 · Cited by 4
Pharmacological female contraception: an overview of past and future use
Economidis, M. A., & Mishell, D. R. (2005) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.14.4.449 · Cited by 4
“In a study comparing implant users with non-medicated IUD users, there were no significant changes from baseline BMD measurements in implant and IUD users [27].”
BackgroundHormonal contraception and bone mineral density
Beksinska, M. E., & Smit, J. A. (2011) · Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1586/eog.11.19 · Cited by 4
Rationaliser la contraception progestative pure (hors DIU au lévonorgestrel)
Jamin, C., & Madélénat, P. (2008) · Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité · doi:10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.01.015 · Cited by 3
Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Management of Vasomotor Symptoms: A Narrated Review
Tan, O., Pinto, A., & Carr, B. R. (2013) · Cited by 3
Complications of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Modalities
Irgens-Moller, N., & Baum, C. R. (2023) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000002970 · Cited by 2
Kontrazeption und Familienplanung
Amari, F., Beyer, D. A., Ludwig, M., Felberbaum, R. E., Weiss, J. M., & Diedrich, K. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20923-9_13 · Cited by 2
Progestin-Only Contraception and Bone Health
Isley, M. M. (2017) · Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports · doi:10.1007/s13669-017-0201-7 · Cited by 2
Feisullin, K., & Westhoff, C. L. (2010) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374271-1.00033-2 · Cited by 2
Bone Health and Hormonal Contraception
Dragoman, M. V., Kaunitz, A. M., & McClung, M. R. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1233-9_16 · Cited by 2
Does the use of hormonal contraceptives affect bone mineral density?
Bahamondes, L. G. (2007) · Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1586/17474108.2.2.141 · Cited by 2
Hormonal contraception in perimenopausal women
Whitburn, S., McNamee, K. M., Boerma, C. J., & Bateson, D. J. (2025) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2025.102655 · Cited by 1
Siconolfi, A., Azzi, M., Lami, A., Sanna, E., Seracchioli, R., & Meriggiola, M. C. (2025) · Contraception and Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s40834-025-00399-8 · Cited by 1
“…estradiol (E2) levels do not appear to decrease after implant insertion: in fact, E2 shows a tendency to increase during the course of treat-ment [5], possibly preserving its beneficial effects on bone mineral density, which does not worsen during the course of treatment with the implant [10, 11].”
Impact de la contraception estroprogestative et progestative sur la densité minérale osseuse
Sarfati, J., & de Vernejoul, M. C. (2009) · Revue du Rhumatisme · doi:10.1016/j.rhum.2008.09.013 · Cited by 1
Implanon™: A New Implantable Contraceptive
Newberry, Y. G. (2007) · Nursing for Women s Health · doi:10.1111/j.1751-486x.2007.00252.x · Cited by 1
Ahrendt, H.-J., Goeckenjan, M., & Rabe, T. (2011) · Der Gynäkologe · doi:10.1007/s00129-011-2863-y · Cited by 1
Contraception in Wisconsin: a review.
Schrager, S., Paddock, E., Dalby, J., & Knudsen, L. M. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Beerthuizen, R., van Beek, A., Massai, R., Mäkäräinen, L., Hout, J. I., & Bennink, H. C.
- Affiliations
- Streekziekenhuis Koningin Beatrix (NL)
- Venue
- Human Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 118-122
- ISSN
- 0268-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2350
- OpenAlex
- W2101744447
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- bone mineral density, Implanon, etonogestrel, contraceptive implants, progestogens, intrauterine devices, non-hormonal contraception, osteoporosis risk, estradiol, young women, peak bone mass
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Body Weight, Contraceptive Agents, Female, Drug Implants, Estradiol, Female, Femur, Humans, Intrauterine Devices, Prospective Studies, Radius, Vinyl Compounds, Absorptiometry, Photon, Bone Density, Desogestrel, Progesterone Congeners
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