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Cited by 146Stress Responses and CortisolCancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune ResponseNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

A hassle a day may keep the doctor away: stress and the augmentation of immune function

Dhabhar, F. S.·2002·Integrative and Comparative Biology
DOI 10.1093/icb/42.3.556
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Abstract

Stress may be defined as a sequence of events, that begins with a stimulus (stressor), that is recognized by the brain (stress perception), and which results in the activation of physiologic fight/flight/fright systems within the body (stress response). Many evolutionary selection pressures are stressors, and one of the primary functions of the brain is to perceive stress, warn the body of danger, and enable an organism to respond. We hypothesized that under acute conditions, just as the stress response prepares the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems for fight or flight, it may also prepare the immune system for challenges (e.g., wounding) which may be imposed by a stressor (e.g., an aggressor). Initial studies showed that acute (2h) stress induced a significant trafficking of immune cells to the skin. Since the skin is an organism's major protective barrier, we hypothesized that this leukocyte redistribution may serve to enhance skin immunity during acute stress. We tested this hypothesis using the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, which mediates resistance to various infectious agents, as a model for skin immune function. Acute stress administered immediately before antigen exposure significantly enhanced skin DTH. Adrenalectomy (ADX) eliminated the stress-induced enhancement of DTH while administration of physiological doses of corticosterone and/or epinephrine to ADX animals enhanced skin DTH in the absence of stress. These studies showed that changes in leukocyte distribution and circulating stress hormones are systemic mediators of the immunoenhancing effects of acute stress. We recently identified gamma interferon as a local cytokine mediator of a stress-induced immunoenhancement. Our results suggest that during acute stress the brain sends preparatory warning signals to the immune system just as it does to other fight/flight systems of the body.

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Authors
Dhabhar, F. S.
Affiliations
The Ohio State University (US)
Corresponding author
Dhabhar, F. S.
ORCID
Dhabhar, F. S.
Venue
Integrative and Comparative Biology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2002-07-01
Volume
42
Issue
3
Pages
556-564
ISSN
  • 1540-7063 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7023
DOI
10.1093/icb/42.3.556
OpenAlex
W2146082742
Cited by
146
References
94
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
FWCI
0.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Integrative and Comparative Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Dana Foundation (AI48995)
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI048995)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords
acute stress, stress response, immune function, skin immunity, delayed-type hypersensitivity, leukocyte migration, adrenalectomy, corticosterone, epinephrine, interferon-gamma, stress hormones, fight-or-flight response, perceived stress

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