Metamorphosis Is Ancestral for Crown Euarthropods, and Evolved in the Cambrian or Earlier
Open accessAbstract
Macroevolutionary developmental biology employs fossilized ontogenetic data and phylogenetic comparative methods to probe the evolution of development at ancient nodes. Despite the prevalence of ecologically differentiated larval forms in marine invertebrates, it has been frequently presumed that the ancestors of arthropods were direct developers, and that metamorphosis may not have evolved until the Ordovician or later. Using fossils and new dated phylogenies, I infer that metamorphosis was likely ancestral for crown arthropods, contradicting this assumption. Based on a published morphological dataset encompassing 217 exceptionally preserved fossil and 96 extant taxa, fossils were directly incorporated into both the topology and age estimates, as in "tip dating" analyses. Using data from post-embryonic fossils representing 25 species throughout stem and crown arthropod lineages (as well as most of the 96 extant taxa), characters for metamorphosis were assigned based on inferred ecological changes in development (e.g., changes in habitat and adaptive landscape). Under all phylogenetic hypotheses, metamorphosis was supported as most likely ancestral to both ecdysozoans and euarthropods. Care must be taken to account for potential drastic post-embryonic morphological changes in evolutionary analyses. Many stem group euarthrpods may have had ecologically differentiated larval stages that did not preserve in the fossil record. Moreover, a complex life cycle and planktonic ecology may have evolved in the Ediacaran or earlier, and may have typified the pre-Cambrian explosion "wormworld" prior to the origin of crown group euarthropods.
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Divergence time analyses using morphological data also recover a Cambrian origin for the Euarthropoda.
“In addition, divergence time analyses using morphological data also recover a Cambrian origin for the Euarthropoda (Wolfe 2017).”
From Current understanding on the Cambrian Explosion: questions and answers (2021) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2017
The Performance of dating methods section (page unavailable) says node-dating results align with a Cambrian explosion. But it also says tip-dating results imply a much earlier history, and describes the tip-dated euarthropod age as consistent with molecular estimates predating fossil appearances. The claim is supported for the node-dated analyses, not for the morphological divergence-time analyses as a whole. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Early fossil record of Euarthropoda and the Cambrian explosion
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“Interestingly, molecular clock estimates for the divergences of crown groups with skeletonized body parts, such as Euarthropoda and Brachiopoda, consistent with their earliest fossil appearances (Erwin et al.”
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- Authors
- Wolfe, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wolfe, Joanna M.
- ORCID
- Wolfe, Joanna M.
- Venue
- Integrative and Comparative Biology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-07-04
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 499-509
- ISSN
- 1540-7063 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7023
- OpenAlex
- W2728434393
- Semantic Scholar
- e3fbd653286405274d635a1e455cbc9fe28c851b
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Integrative and Comparative Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (EAR-1615426)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Keywords
- metamorphosis, arthropod evolution, euarthropods, ecdysozoans, larval development, ontogeny, Cambrian, Ediacaran, tip-dating, ancestral state reconstruction, complex life cycles
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arthropods, Fossils, Metamorphosis, Biological, Phylogeny
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