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Inflammatory markers and particulate air pollution: characterizing the pathway to disease
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Increased concentrations of particles in air have been related to changes in inflammatory markers that in turn are hypothesized in mediating the particle effects on cardiovascular disease. The present work examined this association in an elderly cohort in the Greater Boston area and addresses the relative role of particles from different sources. METHODS: The study included 710 subjects, active members of the VA Normative Aging Study cohort with measurements of blood markers. Concentrations of particle number (PN), black carbon (BC), fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)), and sulphates were measured at a central site near the examination site. RESULTS: Positive associations were found between traffic-related particles (PN and BC) and inflammatory markers, but only suggestive associations were found with exposures to PM(2.5) and sulphates. The particle effect on the inflammatory markers was greater among subjects older than 78 years and among obese. A suggestion for a greater effect of particles on inflammatory markers among GSTM1-null subjects and non-users of statin drugs was also seen. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study support the hypothesis that particles can induce cardiovascular disease through inflammatory pathways, suggestive of a greater toxicity of traffic-related particles.
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“Subjects who develop COPD, an important cause of respiratory mortality, may have weakened antioxidant defenses (Rahman et al. 1996), and PM2.5 can produce oxidative stress, in part because of lung inflammation (Dagher et al. 2005; Zeka et al. 2006).”
From Differentiating the effects of fine and coarse particles on daily mortality in Shanghai, China (2007) · cites this paper as Zeka et al. 2006
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“We selected those time windows because short-term health effects of air particle exposure, including increased numbers of hospitalizations and deaths resulting from cardiovascular disease, have been found to correlate with higher ambient pollutant levels measured within 1 to 7 days before the outcome (23), and 5- to 7…”
BackgroundSelf-citationHealth effects of particulate air pollution: A review of epidemiological evidence
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“Susceptible subgroups Some studies have identified individuals with diabetes as a subgroup which is more susceptible to the adverse effects of particulate air pollution than the general population (Zanobetti and Schwartz, 2001; Zeka et al., 2006).”
Backgroundde Nazelle, A. J., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Antó, J. M., Brauer, M. D., Briggs, D., Braun‐Fahrländer, C., Cavill, N., Cooper, A. R., Desqueyroux, H., Fruin, S. A., et al. (2011) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.02.003 · Cited by 662
“to air pollutants such as inflammation and cardiovascular events (Chen et al., 2007; Zeka et al., 2006).”
BackgroundParticulate Matter–Induced Health Effects: Who Is Susceptible?
Sacks, J. D., Stanek, L. W., Luben, T. J., Johns, D. O., Buckley, B. J., Brown, J. S., & Ross, M. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1002255 · Cited by 578
“However, additional multic ity studies revealed no evidence for increased risk of congestive heart failure (CHF) hospital admissions (Wellenius et al. 2006b) or cause specific mortality (Zeka et al. 2006b) when comparing white with other races or blacks, respectively, with shortterm PM10 exposure.”
BackgroundInfluentialAir Pollution and Type 2 Diabetes
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BackgroundDifferentiating the effects of fine and coarse particles on daily mortality in Shanghai, China
Kan, H., London, S. J., Chen, G., Zhang, Y., Song, G., Zhao, N., Jiang, L., & Chen, B. (2007) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2006.12.001 · Cited by 339
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Air Pollution and Markers of Coagulation, Inflammation, and Endothelial Function
Bind, M., Baccarelli, A., Zanobetti, A., Tarantini, L., Suh, H. H., Vokonas, P., & Schwartz, J. D. (2012) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31824523f0 · Cited by 298
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ResultParticulate air pollution, systemic oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis
Araujo, J. A. (2010) · Air Quality Atmosphere & Health · doi:10.1007/s11869-010-0101-8 · Cited by 269
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BackgroundChronic Residential Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Systemic Inflammatory Markers
Hoffmann, B. H., Moebus, S., Dragano, N., Stang, A., Möhlenkamp, S., Schmermund, A., Memmesheimer, M., Bröcker‐Preuß, M., Mann, K., Erbel, R., et al. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0800362 · Cited by 255
“A few studies so far have shown evidence for associations between medium- or long-term PM exposure (weeks to months) and inflammatory markers suggesting a sustained inflammatory response due to continuously or repeatedly elevated PM (Chen and Schwartz 2008; Diez Roux et al. 2006; Zeka et al. 2006), whereas others did…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEffects of exposure to air pollution on blood coagulation
Baccarelli, A., Zanobetti, A., Martinelli, I., GRILLO, P., Hou, L., Giacomini, S., Bonzini, M., Lanzani, G. G., Mannucci, P. M., Bertazzi, P. A., et al. (2007) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02300.x · Cited by 226
“Recently, studies conducted on a Boston population [ 35 ] and on the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [36] showed that increased inflammatory markers were associated with the average exposures to particles over the 28–60 days prior to the study.”
BackgroundThe Effect of Dose and Timing of Dose on the Association between Airborne Particles and Survival
Schwartz, J. D., Coull, B. A., Laden, F., & RYAN, L. M. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9955 · Cited by 214
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“…2010), Similarly, studies that have examined the extent to which personal characteristics, such as body mass index (BMI) and preexisting disease, modify the effects of air pollution on biomarkers of CVD have only examined relatively acute exposures consisting of a few days (Zeka et al., 2006a).”
BackgroundMethodEffects of particulate matter on inflammatory markers in the general adult population
Tsai, D.-H., Amyai, N., Marques-Vidal, P. M., Wang, J.-L., Riediker, M., Mooser, V., Paccaud, F. M., Waeber, G., Vollenweider, P., & Bochud, M. (2012) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/1743-8977-9-24 · Cited by 152
“Short-term exposure to PM has been associated with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) in some [8-12], but not in all [13-15] studies.”
Cardiovascular health and particulate vehicular emissions: a critical evaluation of the evidence
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“Zeka et al. (2006) studied 710 members of the VA Normative Aging Study cohort living in the greater Boston area, with air pollution measured at a central monitor.”
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BackgroundA Systematic Review of Occupational Exposure to Particulate Matter and Cardiovascular Disease
Fang, S. C., Cassidy, A., & Christiani, D. C. (2010) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph7041773 · Cited by 135
“A number of studies in the ambient particulate air pollution literature also support a link between PM exposure and systemic inflammation [70-76], which is recognized to play an important role in the development and aggravation of IHD.”
BackgroundNutritional Solutions to Reduce Risks of Negative Health Impacts of Air Pollution
Péter, S., Holguín, F., Wood, L. G., Clougherty, J. E., Raederstorff, D., Antal, M., Weber, P., & Eggersdorfer, M. L. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7125539 · Cited by 130
“Air pollution effects on health may be mediated through a wide range of biological pathways, including inflammatory [38] and oxidative stress pathways [20,39].”
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“…with mean regression analyses investigating the same cardiovascular outcomes either in the same cohort (Mordukhovich et al. 2009; Ren et al. 2010; Zeka et al. 2006), or in previous studies (Hampel et al. 2010; Hoffmann et al. 2012; Peters et al. 1999; Ruckerl et al. 2007), but capture additional…”
BackgroundParticulate Air Pollution Exposure and C-reactive Protein During Early Pregnancy
Lee, P.-C., Talbott, E. O., Roberts, J. M., Catov, J. M., Sharma, R. K., & Ritz, B. (2011) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31821c6c58 · Cited by 118
“Previous studies have suggested that obesity and smoking status may modify the influence of air pollution on inflammation.(20,22,31,32) Thus, we also conducted stratified analyses for obesity (defined as BMI 30 kg/m(2)) and analyses for nonsmokers only.”
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“Considerable research showed that obese or overweight individuals are more susceptible to the adverse health effects of particulate matter pollution relative to people of normal weight (Dubowsky et al., 2006; Miller et al., 2007; Zeka et al., 2006).”
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“Previous findings based on BC measured at a central-site monitor suggested associations between inflammatory markers and air pollution exposure averaged over the prior 4 weeks (Zeka et al. 2006).”
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“Effect estimates for differences in neutrophils and leukocytes per IQR 6 change in exposure and inhaled dose, stratified in bicycle trips and car/bus trips Table 6.”
BackgroundAssociation of cardiac and vascular changes with ambient PM2.5 in diabetic individuals
Schneider, A. E., Neas, L., Graff, D. W., Herbst, M., Cascio, W. E., Schmitt, M. T., Buse, J. B., Peters, A., & Devlin, R. B. (2010) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/1743-8977-7-14 · Cited by 102
“All volunteers signed a written consent form and the study protocol was approved by the UNC Human Studies Biomedical Institutional Review Board as well as by the EPA.”
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“…blood cell counts after exposure to ambient air pollution (Huttunen et al., 2012; Pope et al., 2004; Seaton et al., 1999; Steinvil et al., 2008; Zeka et al., 2006), concentrated ambient particles (Ghio et al., 2000; Gong et al., 2003), diesel exhaust (Barath et al., 2010; Krishnan et al.,…”
BackgroundHealth impact and toxicological effects of nanomaterials in the lung
Kendall, M., & Holgate, S. T. (2012) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02171.x · Cited by 96
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Traffic, Outdoor Air Pollution, and Asthma
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“The presence of GSTM1 also increases the risk for systemic inflammation in association with traffic-related particles (black carbon and concentration of particles) [ 35 ].”
BackgroundAir Pollution and Homocysteine
Ren, C., Park, S. K., Vokonas, P., Sparrow, D., Wilker, E. H., Baccarelli, A., Suh, H. H., Tucker, K. L., Wright, R. O., & Schwartz, J. D. (2010) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181cc8bfc · Cited by 92
“Hence there is a good consistency for modification by HFE, and broad consistency for modification by polymorphisms in glutathione S transferases, although somewhat weaker for specific GSTs.(27,28) Our study used a well-described biomarker of oxidative stress and cardiovascular health-plasma homocysteine levels.”
MethodTang, H., Cheng, Z., Li, N., Mao, S., Ma, R., He, H., Niu, Z., Chen, X., & Xiang, H. (2020) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115630 · Cited by 97
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Influence of short-term exposure to ultrafine and fine particles on systemic inflammation
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“[8] found no consistent evidence that recent exposure to PM2.”
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“However, some studies have reported a persistent increase of inflammatory markers (such as fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and sediment rate) for up to 4 weeks after exposure to high concentrations of particles of various sizes.(37) This is not entirely consistent with a rapidly extinguishing effect on the heart.”
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“We use BC values measured either at the areal sensor in Boston (as in Zeka et al., 2006), or geospatial model-predicted values at participants’ home addresses (Gryparis et al., 2007).”
Lee, H., Myung, W., Jeong, B., Choi, H. Y., Jhun, B. W., & Kim, H. (2018) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.041 · Cited by 86
Long-and Short-Term Exposure To Air Pollution and Inflammatory/Hemostatic Markers in Midlife Women
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Traffic-related Particles Are Associated with Elevated Homocysteine
Park, S. K., O’Neill, M. S., Vokonas, P., Sparrow, D., Spiro, A., Tucker, K. L., Suh, H. H., Hu, H., & Schwartz, J. D. (2008) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200708-1286oc · Cited by 82
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Tripathy, S., Marsland, A. L., Kinnee, E., Tunno, B. J., Manuck, S. B., Gianaros, P. J., & Clougherty, J. E. (2021) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp7089 · Cited by 77
“…owing to differences in population susceptibility (e.g., preexisting inflammatory conditions), PM2:5 composition (Brook et al. 2010; Diez-Roux et al. 2006; Zeka et al. 2006), or to other time-varying factors that may influence inflammatory status at the time of blood draw (e.g., transient illness).”
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Kendall, M., Ding, P., & Kendall, K. (2010) · Nanotoxicology · doi:10.3109/17435390.2010.489724 · Cited by 75
“Recent work indicates that inhaled NPs stimulate systemic inflammation with limited translocation of material to the circulatory system (van Eeden et al. 2005; Von Klot et al. 2005; Zeka et al. 2006; Song et al. 2009).”
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Jiménez, E., Linares, C., Rodríguez, L. F., Bleda, M. J., & Díaz, J. (2009) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.038 · Cited by 74
Hong, W., Gao, Z., Ren, J., Liu, Y., Chang, L. T.-C., Cheung, K. K. W., Feng, Y., & Li, Y. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.183 · Cited by 71
Lee, S., Park, H., Kim, S., Lee, E., Lee, J., Hong, Y. S., & Ha, E. (2019) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.01.010 · Cited by 68
Madrigano, J., Baccarelli, A., Mittleman, M. A., Sparrow, D., Spiro, A., Vokonas, P., Cantone, L., Kubzansky, L. D., & Schwartz, J. D. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwr523 · Cited by 69
Jin, T., Di, Q., Réquia, W. J., Yazdi, M. D., Castro, E., Ma, T., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Shi, L., & Schwartz, J. D. (2022) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107594 · Cited by 66
Martinelli, N., Girelli, D., Cigolini, D., Sandri, M. F., Ricci, G., Rocca, G., & Olivieri, O. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034831 · Cited by 56
“Particulate air pollution has been linked with several pathological mechanisms (reviewed in [1] and [13]) from endothelial dysfunction to prothrombotic diathesis [14–21].”
BackgroundDai, L., Bind, M., Koutrakis, P., Coull, B. A., Sparrow, D., Vokonas, P., & Schwartz, J. D. (2016) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/jes.2015.83 · Cited by 56
Schwartz, J. D., Bellinger, D. C., & Glass, T. A. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300272 · Cited by 52
Diesel exhaust particles in blood trigger systemic and pulmonary morphological alterations
Nemmar, A., & Inuwa, I. M. (2007) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.09.006 · Cited by 52
US EPA particulate matter research centers: summary of research results for 2005–2011
Breysse, P. N., Delfino, R. J., Dominici, F., Elder, A. C. P., Frampton, M. W., Froines, J. R., Geyh, A. S., Godleski, J. J., Gold, D. R., Hopke, P. K., et al. (2012) · Air Quality Atmosphere & Health · doi:10.1007/s11869-012-0181-8 · Cited by 55
“Zeka et al. (2006) found that both BC and PN increased inflammation and thrombotic activity.”
BackgroundInfluentialKhan, R., Konishi, S., Ng, C. F. S., Umezaki, M., Kabir, A. F., Tasmin, S., & Watanabe, C. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.288 · Cited by 51
Hu, D., Xu, J., Cui, L., Liu, J., Chen, J., Wang, Y., Niu, W., Xu, J., Miller, M. R., Loh, M. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125341 · Cited by 51
Right Heart Pressure Increases after Acute Increases in Ambient Particulate Concentration
Rich, D. Q., Freudenberger, R. S., Ohman‐Strickland, P., Cho, Y., & Kipen, H. M. (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11230 · Cited by 49
“The previously reported associations between obesity and susceptibility to air pollution (Chen et al. 2007; Zeka et al. 2006) as well as increased PMrelated health effects in winter time (Becker et al. 2005) are consistent with our findings.”
BackgroundResultHartmann, L., Bauer, M., Bertram, J., Gube, M., Lenz, K., Reisgen, U., Schettgen, T., Kraus, T., & Brand, P. (2013) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.04.008 · Cited by 53
CRITICAL REVIEW OF AIR POLLUTION HEALTH EFFECTS WITH SPECIAL CONCERN ON RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Khafaie, M. A., Yajnik, C. S., Salvi, S., & Ojha, A. R. (2016) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 47
Zhong, J., Colicino, E., Lin, X., Mehta, A. J., Kloog, I., Zanobetti, A., Byun, H., Bind, M., Cantone, L., Prada, D., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.114.001423 · Cited by 46
“Thus, immunoregulation is critical to limiting immune-mediated cardiovascular pathology.(10) Molecules involved in immunoresponses are attractive as potential modulators of cardiovascular pathology following PM exposure.”
BackgroundGarshick, E., Grady, S. T., Hart, J. E., Coull, B. A., Schwartz, J. D., Laden, F., Moy, M. L., & Koutrakis, P. (2018) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.010 · Cited by 46
“, 2017) and in the Normative Aging Study from 1999 to 2000 (Bind et al., 2012; Fang et al., 2012; Madrigano et al., 2010; Zeka et al., 2006).”
Air quality and obesity at older ages in China: The role of duration, severity and pollutants
Zhang, N., Wang, L., Zhang, M., & Nazroo, J. Y. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226279 · Cited by 46
“Several pathways have been proposed to link air pollution and obesity directly and indirectly, through metabolic dysfunction [15], increased oxidative stress and adipose tissue inflammation [16, 17], onset of chronic disease [18], and disruption of regular physical activity [19].”
BackgroundRoad proximity influences indoor exposures to ambient fine particle mass and components
Huang, S., Lawrence, J. E., Kang, C., Li, J., Martins, M. A. G., Vokonas, P., Gold, D. R., Schwartz, J. D., Coull, B. A., & Koutrakis, P. (2018) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.046 · Cited by 45
“This is an open access article u deficits, increased blood pressure, inflammation and left ventricular mass index, decreased high-frequency heart rate variability, coronary heart disease hospitalizations and mortality, and low birth weight (Carlsten et al., 2011; Gan et al., 2011; Gauderman et al., 2005, 2007; Hoffman…”
BackgroundShort term exposure to air pollution and mortality in the US: a double negative control analysis
Liu, R., Wei, Y., Qiu, X., Kosheleva, A., & Schwartz, J. D. (2022) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-022-00886-4 · Cited by 45
“5 exposure was disproportionately borne by the elderly [38, 53] and people of races other than white [54, 55].”
BackgroundAmbient air particulate total lung deposited surface area (LDSA) levels in urban Europe
Liu, X., Hadiatullah, H., Zhang, X., Trechera, P., Savadkoohi, M., Garcia-Marlès, M., Reche, C., Pérez, N., Beddows, D. C. S., Salma, I., et al. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165466 · Cited by 40
Fang, S. C., Mehta, A. J., Alexeeff, S., Gryparis, A., Coull, B. A., Vokonas, P., Christiani, D. C., & Schwartz, J. D. (2012) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1103982 · Cited by 46
“In studies of TRP exposures, associations with inflammatory markers have been observed in the elderly (Zeka et al. 2006), individuals with diabetes (O’Neill et al. 2007), young healthy male highway patrol troopers (Riediker et al. 2004), and elderly individuals with coronary artery disease (Delfino…”
BackgroundIndoor and outdoor measurements of particle number concentration in near-highway homes
Fuller, C. H., Brugge, D., Williams, P. L., Mittleman, M. A., Lane, K. J., Durant, J. L., & Spengler, J. D. (2013) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/jes.2012.116 · Cited by 38
Corlin, L., Woodin, M. A., Hart, J. E., Simon, M. C., Gute, D. M., Stowell, J., Tucker, K. L., Durant, J. L., & Brugge, D. (2018) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-018-0379-9 · Cited by 38
Karimi, B., & Samadi, S. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40201-024-00900-6 · Cited by 47
“Previous studies supported these findings [141, 142, 144, 145].”
Ambient Air Pollution and Atherosclerosis: Recent Updates
Bevan, G. H., Al-Kindi, S. G., Brook, R. D., & Rajagopalan, S. (2021) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-021-00958-9 · Cited by 36
Proximity to Traffic, Inflammation, and Immune Function among Women in the Seattle, Washington, Area
Williams, L. A., Ulrich, C. M., Larson, T. V., Wener, M. H., Wood, B. L., Campbell, P. T., Potter, J. D., McTiernan, A., & Roos, A. J. D. (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11580 · Cited by 35
Antioxidant genes and susceptibility to air pollution for respiratory and cardiovascular health
Fuertes, E., van der Plaat, D. A., & Minelli, C. (2020) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.181 · Cited by 40
Epigenetics—a potential mediator between air pollution and preterm birth
Lin, V. W., Baccarelli, A., & Burris, H. H. (2016) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/eep/dvv008 · Cited by 35
“The strong evidence for associations between air pollution and conditions such as cardiopulmonary diseases [13, 14] and type 2 diabetes mellitus [15], as mediated by inflammatory pathways, lends biological plausibility to the inflammatory mechanisms through which air pollution may affect preterm…”
Alqahtani, S., Kobos, L. M., Xia, L., Ferreira, C. R., Franco, J., Du, X., & Shannahan, J. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00818 · Cited by 33
“Individuals with MetS exist in a state of chronic inflammation that may exacerbate their responses to inhalable exposures such as NPs (8, 14, 15).”
BackgroundPuett, R. C., Yanosky, J. D., Mittleman, M. A., Montresor-López, J., Bell, R. A., Crume, T., Dabelea, D., Dolan, L. M., D'Agostino, R. B., Marcovina, S. M., et al. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105064 · Cited by 33
“Two studies of adults with longer exposure averaging times also found no associations, including a study of men in the VA Normative Aging Study (Zeka et al., 2006) with 48 h or one week average exposures and moving averages up to 5 days in the Heinz Nixdorff recall study of adults (Hertel et al., 2010).”
ResultElbarbary, M., Oganesyan, A., Honda, T., Morgan, G. G., Guo, Y., Guo, Y., & Negin, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18063258 · Cited by 37
Fuller, C. H., Patton, A. P., Lane, K. J., Laws, M. B., Marden, A., Carrasco, E. R., Spengler, J. D., Mwamburi, M., Zamore, W., Durant, J. L., et al. (2013) · Reviews on Environmental Health · doi:10.1515/reveh-2012-0029 · Cited by 31
“Studies that measured UFP directly have shown acute effects of ambient UFP on biomarkers of CV disease including tumor necrosis factor α receptor II (TNF-RII) (18, 28) , interleukin 6 (IL-6) (18, 28, 29) , C-reactive protein (CRP) (18, 29) , and fibrinogen (30) .”
BackgroundTallon, L. A., Manjourides, J., Pun, V. C., Mittleman, M. A., Kioumourtzoglou, M., Coull, B. A., & Suh, H. H. (2017) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0216-6 · Cited by 31
“Measures of height and weight were taken at the time of the interview to calculate to body mass index (BMI), with a BMI of 30 or greater kg/m2 defined as obese [17].”
ResultInfluentialThe Association between Indoor Air Quality and Adult Blood Pressure Levels in a High-Income Setting
Rumchev, K. B., Soares, M. J., Zhao, Y., Reid, C. M., & Huxley, R. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15092026 · Cited by 29
“The mechanisms underlying the relationship between exposure to particulate matter and markers of vascular health remain unclear but increased oxidative stress and inflammation have been reported as possible pathways mediating the relationship [10,12,13].”
BackgroundBlomberg, A. J., Nyhan, M., Bind, M., Vokonas, P., Coull, B. A., Schwartz, J. D., & Koutrakis, P. (2020) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000001197 · Cited by 29
“Specifically, we (1) calculated daily deviations from each monitor’s overall mean; (2) standardized the daily deviations by dividing by the monitor’s overall standard deviation; (3) calculated a daily regional standardized deviation by averaging the daily standardized deviations of all monitors; (4) multiplied the dai…”
MethodCardiovascular consequences of air pollution: what are the mechanisms?
Bhaskaran, K., Wilkinson, P., & Smeeth, L. L. (2010) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.212183 · Cited by 28
Body Mass Index May Modify Asthma Prevalence Among Low-Birth-Weight Children
Lu, F. L., Hsieh, C., Caffrey, J. L., Lin, M., Lin, Y., Lin, C., Tsai, M.-S., Ho, W.-C., Chen, P., Sung, F. C., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwr484 · Cited by 27
Differential oxidative stress response in young children and the elderly following exposure to PM2.5
Kim, K., Park, E., Lee, K.-H., Park, J., Kim, Y., & Hong, Y. (2008) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12199-008-0060-y · Cited by 26
“Although results from cell-culture and animal experiments suggest that oxidative stress is involved in its pathogenesis, evidence of the relationship between human exposure to ambient particulate matter and oxidative stress is still lacking [10, 11].”
BackgroundGodleski, J. J., Diaz, E. A., Lemos, M., Long, M. S., Ruiz-Rudolph, P., Gupta, T., Kang, C., & Coull, B. A. (2011) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.3109/08958378.2010.563804 · Cited by 26
“In an epidemiological study in the Boston area, Zeka et al. (2006) found associations between particle number, PM 2.5 mass, and black carbon, but not sulfate, with inflammatory markers.”
InfluentialShort-term effects of particulate matters on pulse pressure in two general population studies
Tsai, D.-H., Guessous, I., Riediker, M., Paccaud, F. M., Gaspoz, J., Theler, J., Waeber, G., Vollenweider, P., & Bochud, M. (2015) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000533 · Cited by 25
“These findings are coherent with prior studies showing elderly and obese participants to be more vulnerable to exposure of PM10 [47,48].”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Zeka, A., Sullivan, J. R., Vokonas, P. S., Sparrow, D., & Schwartz, J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zeka, Ariana
- Venue
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-07-14
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1347-1354
- ISSN
- 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3685
- OpenAlex
- W2122623434
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Keywords
- particulate matter, air pollution, inflammatory markers, black carbon, PM2.5, sulfate, cardiovascular disease, older adults, obesity, GSTM1, statin use
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Vehicle Emissions, Boston, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Biomarkers, Inflammation Mediators
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