Vigorous intensity physical activity is related to the metabolic syndrome independent of the physical activity dose

Janssen, I.; Ross, R.

doi:10.1093/ije/dys038

Cited by 124Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Vigorous intensity physical activity is related to the metabolic syndrome independent of the physical activity dose

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Janssen, I., Ross, R.·2012·International Journal of Epidemiology

DOI 10.1093/ije/dys038PMC PMC3429871

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Current physical activity guidelines imply that, by comparison with moderate physical activity (MPA), the benefits of engaging in vigorous physical activity (VPA) are attributed to the greater energy expenditure dose per unit of time and do not relate to intensity per se. The purpose of this study was to determine whether VPA influences the metabolic syndrome (MetS) independent of its influence on the energy expenditure dose of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). METHODS: Participants consisted of 1841 adults from the 2003-06 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative cross-sectional study. MPA and VPA were measured objectively over 7 days using Actigraph accelerometers. MetS was determined using an established clinical definition. Associations between physical activity and the MetS were determined using logistic regression and controlled for relevant covariates. RESULTS: Analyses revealed that VPA remained a meaningful predictor of the MetS after controlling for the total energy expenditure dose of MVPA such that the relative odds of the MetS was 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.17-0.46) in the group with the highest VPA compared with the group with no VPA. VPA had a greater influence on the MetS than an equivalent energy expenditure dose of MPA. For instance, between 0 and 500 MET min/week of MPA the adjusted prevalence of the MetS decreased by 15.5%, whereas between 0 and 500 MET min/week of VPA the prevalence decreased by 37.1%. CONCLUSION: These cross-sectional findings suggest that VPA per se has an important role in cardiometabolic disease prevention.

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More vigorous-intensity physical activity may confer greater benefits to metabolic health.
“Epidemiological data suggests that more vigorous-intensity physical activity may confer greater benefits to metabolic health [19].”
From High-Intensity Interval Training as an Efficacious Alternative to Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Adults with Prediabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
Vigorous-intensity physical activity has an important independent role in the prevention of cardiometabolic disease.
“In other words, it appears that vigorous-intensity physical activity has an important independent role in the prevention of cardiometabolic disease.”
From High-Intensity Interval Training as an Efficacious Alternative to Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Adults with Prediabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
Individuals accumulating more vigorous-intensity physical activity have reduced odds of metabolic syndrome, independent of total physical activity levels.
“Specifically, NHANES data suggests that individuals accumulating more vigorous-intensity physical activity have reduced odds of metabolic syndrome (closely related to prediabetes), independent of total physical activity levels [19].”
From High-Intensity Interval Training as an Efficacious Alternative to Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Adults with Prediabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [19]

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[5]World Health Organization Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health 2010 Geneva http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_recommendations/en/index.html (date last accessed 28 February 2012) 26180873

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Locke, S., Bourne, J. E., Beauchamp, M. R., Little, J. P., Barry, J., Singer, J., & Jung, M. E. (2018) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001668 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Physical Activity, Fitness, and Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults
López-Martínez, S., Sánchez‐López, M., Solera-Martínez, M., Arias-Palencia, N. M., Chacón, R. M. F., & Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V. (2013) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.23.4.312 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Similarly, data from U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey do not support that 75 min of vigorous physical activity are equivalent to 150 min of moderate physical activity (Janssen & Ross, 2012).”
BackgroundMethod
Effects of Different Dosages of Interval Training on Glycemic Control in People With Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Rezkallah, S. S., & Takla, M. K. N. (2018) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/ds18-0024 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“suggest that individuals accumulating more vigorous-intensity physical activity have reduced odds of developing metabolic syndrome (closely related to prediabetes), independent of their total physical activity levels (21).”
Background
Home-Based Stair Climbing as an Intervention for Disease Risk in Adult Females; A Controlled Study
Michael, E., White, M. J., & Eves, F. F. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020603 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Prospective study of dietary mushroom intake and risk of mortality: results from continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2014 and a meta-analysis
Ba, D. M., Gao, X., Al‐Shaar, L., Muscat, J. E., Chinchilli, V. M., Ssentongo, P., Zhang, X., Liu, G., Beelman, R. B., & Richie, J. P. (2021) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-021-00738-w · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“500 MET min/week is equivalent to the minimal guideline, and ≥ 1000 MET min/week is equivalent to double the minimal guideline [48, 49].”
Method
Understanding the Motives of Undertaking Physical Activity with Different Levels of Intensity among Adolescents: Results of the INDARES Study
Król-Zielińska, M., Groffik, D., Bronikowski, M., Kantanista, A., Laudańska–Krzemińska, I., Bronikowska, M., Korcz, A., Borowiec, J., & Frömel, K. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/1849715 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Vigorous intensity of PA may be more beneficial than lower intensity activity in the control of one’s weight [5].”
Associations of Sedentary Time and Physical Activity with Metabolic Syndrome among Chinese Adults: Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.
Bai, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, X. F., Ouyang, Y. F., Zhang, B., Wang, Z. H., Du, S. F., & Wang, H. (2021) · PubMed · doi:10.3967/bes2021.132 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity in South Asian Women: Time to Review Current Recommendations?
Waidyatilaka, I., Lanerolle, P., Wickremasinghe, R., Atukorala, S., Somasundaram, N. P., & de Silva, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058328 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Sedentary behaviour, a separate entity defined as engaging in activities at the resting level of energy expenditure which includes sleeping, sitting, lying down, computer time, and viewing television [11], its associations and role in diabetes mellitus are less well studied.”
Background
Physical Exercise as an Immunomodulator of Chronic Diseases in Aging
Ciolac, E. G., da Silva, J. M. R., & Vieira, R. P. (2020) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0237 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Physical Behaviour Intensity Spectrum and Body Mass Index in School-Aged Youth: A Compositional Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data
Fairclough, S. J., Hurter, L., Dumuid, D., Gába, A., Rowlands, A. V., Cruz, B. D. P., Cox, A., Crotti, M., Foweather, L., Graves, L., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148778 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“However, even small amounts of higher intensity physical activity are beneficial for cardiorespiratory fitness in youth [18], and it has been shown in adults that similarly low doses may be favourably associated with other outcomes related to cardiometabolic health [19], such as adiposity [7].”
Background
Adolescent physical activity levels: discrepancies with accelerometer data analysis
LOGAN, G. R. M., Duncan, S., Harris, N. K., Hinckson, E. A., & Schofield, G. (2016) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1150599 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Validity and reliability of the Arabic sedentary behavior questionnaire among university students aged between 18–30 years old
Alahmadi, M. A., Almasoud, K. H., Aljahani, A. H., Alzaman, N. S., Nozha, O. M. A., Alahmadi, O. M., Jalloun, R. A., Alfadhli, E. M., Alahmadi, J. M., Zuair, A. A., et al. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15030-1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Abdominal obesity as a mediator of the influence of physical activity on insulin resistance in Spanish adults
García‐Hermoso, A., Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V., Recio-Rodriguez, J. I., Díez‐Fernández, A., Gómez-Marcos, M. Á., García‐Ortiz, L., & for the EVIDENT Group (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.012 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“However, we found a relationship between insulin, IR and vigorous physical activity in men, independent of WC, suggesting that obesity mechanisms may not be so relevant (Janssen and Ross, 2012) in this population.”
Background
Relative proportion of vigorous physical activity, total volume of moderate to vigorous activity, and body mass index in youth: the Millennium Cohort Study
Hamer, M., & Stamatakis, E. A. (2018) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-018-0128-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Putting family into family-based obesity prevention: enhancing participant engagement through a novel integrated knowledge translation strategy
Walton, K., Ambrose, T., Annis, A., David, W. L., & Haines, J. (2018) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-018-0588-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Intensity matters: impact of physical activity energy expenditure at moderate and vigorous intensity on total and abdominal obesity in children
Sardinha, L. B., Magalhães, J. P., Santos, D. A., & Hetherington‐Rauth, M. (2022) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-022-01242-y · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“, 500 METs min/week), VPA had superior benefits for improving metabolic syndrome when compared to MPA [8].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Trends in Walking, Moderate, and Vigorous Physical Activity Participation Across the Socioeconomic Gradient in New South Wales, Australia From 2002 to 2015
Gugusheff, J., Foley, B. C., Owen, K. B., Drayton, B., Ding, D., Stamatakis, E. A., Rasmussen, C. L., Bauman, A. E., & Thomas, M. M. (2020) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2020-0070 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Preditores e condições de saúde associados à prática de atividade física moderada e vigorosa em adultos e idosos no sul do Brasil
Dumith, S. C., Maciel, F. V., Borchardt, J. L., Alam, V. S., Silveira, F. D. C., & Paulitsch, R. G. (2019) · Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia · doi:10.1590/1980-549720190023 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Influence of the level of physical activity on physical fitness, lipid profile and health outcomes in overweight/obese adults with similar nutritional status
Muñoz-Vera, T., Sañudo, B., Cruz, B. D. P., del Pozo-Cruz, J., López‐Lluch, G., & Sánchez-Oliver, A. J. (2017) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2016.05.006 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Desk based prompts to replace workplace sitting with stair climbing; a pilot study of acceptability, effects on behaviour and disease risk factors
Azmi, I. S. M. M., Wallis, G. A., White, M. J. D., Puig-Ribera, A. M., & Eves, F. F. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14393-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Association of Physical Activity Patterns with the Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Shin, S. W., & Kim, J. (2024) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/j.rcm2504115 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“For example, running, a popular form of vigorous-intensity physical activity, re-7 duces the risk of MetS, even in low amounts [22].”
Background
Physical Activity Intensity and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention-From the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra Study.
Hidalgo-Santamaría, M., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Martínez-González, M., Moreno-Galarraga, L., Ruíz-Canela, M., & Fernández-Montero, A. (2018) · American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.08.031 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Volume vs intensity of physical activity and risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular chronic diseases
Wei, J., Shen, M., Li, S., Xiao, Y., Luo, D., Ferrari, G., Lee, D. H., Rezende, L. F. M., Gill, J. M. R., Ahmadi, M. N., et al. (2026) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehag168 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Development of Step-Count Cut Points for School-Day Vigorous Physical Activity
Burns, R. D., Brusseau, T. A., Fu, Y., & Zhang, P. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/9717848 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“By convention, physical activity recommendations and research in physical activity surveillance and intervention efficacy use moderate-tovigorous physical activity (MVPA) as the primary metric for assessment [3]; however research supports there being stronger independent correlations between VPA and health in the pedi…”
Background
Lower physical activity is a risk factor for a clustering of metabolic risk factors in non-obese and obese Japanese subjects: The Takahata study
Kaino, W., Daimon, M., Sasaki, S., Karasawa, S., Takase, K., Tada, K., Wada, K., Kameda, W., Susa, S., Oizumi, T., et al. (2013) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0351 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Associations between number of steps and health outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Stojanović, S., Валеріївна, А. О., & Trajković, N. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20835-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“On the contrary, low levels of PA have been associated with higher rates of obesity and other health-related issues among children and adolescents [16, 17].”
Physical activity can attenuate, but not eliminate, the negative relationships of high TV viewing with some chronic diseases: findings from a cohort of 60 202 Brazilian adults
Werneck, A. O., Oyeyemi, A. L., Collings, P. J., Cyrino, E. S., Ronque, Ê. R. V., Szwarcwald, C. L., Sardinha, L. B., & da Silva, D. R. P. (2019) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdz148 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Relationship between Change in Physical Activity and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study
Park, D. Y., Lee, O., Lee, Y., Lee, C. G., & Kim, Y. S. (2024) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes24007 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“32 The decreased risk of metabolic syndrome observed in the newly active group for walking (Table 2) is presumed to result from a reduction in ST and the adoption of health-promoting behaviors that lower the risk of metabolic syndrome.”
Background
Joint Associations of Diet and Device-Measured Physical Activity with Mortality and Incident CVD and Cancer: A Prospective Analysis of the UK Biobank Study
Eroglu, E. I., Ahmadi, M. N., Biswas, R. K., Ding, D., Rezende, L. F. M., Lee, I.-M. M., Giovannucci, E. L., & Stamatakis, E. A. (2024) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1185 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Association Between the Combined Effects of Physical Activity Intensity and Particulate Matter and All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults
Park, H., Yang, P., Sung, J., Jin, M., Jang, E., Yu, H. T., Kim, T., Pak, H., Lee, M., & Joung, B. (2023) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.04.017 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Changes in physical activity and all-cause mortality among individuals with dementia: a cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service Database in Korea
Park, K., Huh, Y., Nam, G. E., Han, K., Jung, J., Cho, Y. J., Kim, S. M., Hwang, H., & Park, Y. (2024) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-108264 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Exercise intensity and mortality in overweight and obese patients with chronic kidney disease: longitudinal analysis (1999–2016)
Qian, C., Zhou, F., Lu, D.-D., Huang, J., & Sun, M. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20498-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“VPA has been shown to significantly improve cardiorespiratory fitness and certain cardiometabolic risk factors [51–53].”
Background
Refined physical activity recommendations considering cardiovascular disease risk stratification: a cohort study
Yuan, C., Zhou, T., Xx, C., Xie, S., Lu, X., & Liu, F. (2026) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwag054 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Proneness for exercise, cognitive and psychophysiological consequences of action observation
Oliveira, P. A., Araújo, D., & Abreu, A. M. (2013) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.09.008 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effects of Two Community-Based Exercise Programs on Adherence, Cardiometabolic Markers, and Body Composition in Older People with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
García-Sánchez, E., Rubio‐Arias, J. Á., Ávila-Gandía, V., López-Román, F. J., & Menarguez-Puche, J. F. (2020) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm10040176 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“As a result, the recommendations for exercise to combat obesity suggest higher volumes (equivalent to ≥ 1000 MET-min/week) [45] of exercise for significant weight loss [46].”
Background
Effects of home-based exercise alone or combined with cognitive training on cognition in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized clinical trial
Dupuy, E. G., Besnier, F., Gagnon, C., Vincent, T. L., Vrinceanu, T., Blanchette, C., Gervais, J., Breton, J., Saillant, K., Iglesies‐Grau, J., et al. (2024) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2024.112628 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Contradictions and convergences in recommendations on physical activity in pregnancy in different countries after the publication of the WHO guidelines in 2020—a scoping review
Worska, A., Maciaszek, J., Ciążyńska, J., & Szumilewicz, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1540355 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Moreover, Powell’s review (42) concluded that vigorous activity may offer greater cardioprotective benefits than moderate-intensity activity comparing the cardioprotective benefits of vigorous and moderate-intensity aerobic activity.”
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Determinants Among Obese Teachers in Makassar, Indonesia
Nurzakiah Hasan, M. K. M., Hadju, V., Jafar, N., & Thaha, R. M. (2020) · IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia · doi:10.31436/imjm.v18i2.100 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“5%).(45) A regular physical activity is closely related to MetS parameters (waist circumference, HDL levels, and blood pressure).”
Background
Association between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults and Older Adults: Using Accelerometer Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014-2017
Lim, J., Kim, J.-S., & Kim, Y. S. (2022) · Exercise Science · doi:10.15857/ksep.2022.00339 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“[36]의 연구에 따르면 신체활동 지침을 달성하였을 경우 대사증후군 위험인자 중 고혈당, 고중성지방혈증, 그 리고 낮은 수치의 HDL-C 관련 요인에서만 긍정적인 결과를 보고 하 였으며, Tucker et al.”
Physical activity and metabolic syndrome: A population base study (forest and tree model algorithms)
Nikbakht, H., Rezaianzadeh, A., Seif, M., Shojaie, L., Johari‬, M. G., & Ghaem, H. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.05.014 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Associations between sensor-based physical activity behaviour features and health-related parameters
Marschollek, M. (2015) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2015.10.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…parameters and risk, the author has chosen to investigate the following exemplary parameters: HDL (high density lipoprotein) (Glazer et al., 2013; Janssen & Ross, 2012), C-reactive protein (CRP) (Kasapis & Thompson, 2005; Plaisance & Grandjean, 2006; Stewart et al., 2007), body mass index (BMI)…”
Background
Nutrient deficiency and physical inactivity in middle-aged adults with dynapenia and metabolic syndrome: results from a nationwide survey
Kim, M., & Kobori, T. (2025) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-025-00978-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“In line with this, a previous study reported that 0–500 MET-minutes per week of moder-ate-intensity activity reduced MetS prevalence by 15.5%, while the same amount of vigorous-intensity activity led to a 37.1% reduction [66].”
Influential
Look, over there! A streaker! – Qualitative study examining streaking as a behaviour change technique for habit formation in recreational runners
Curran, M., Larade, N., Özakinci, G., Tymowski-Gionet, G., & Dombrowski, S. U. (2024) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2024.2416505 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Higher levels of physical activity typically increase health benefits, with added benefits diminishing somewhat at very high volumes (Bull et al., 2020; Janssen & Ross, 2012; Lee et al., 2022; Wen et al., 2011).”
Background
Age- and sex-specific concentrations of bone remodeling markers in healthy Indian adults with and without vitamin D deficiency
Pal, R., Aggarwal, A., Sachdeva, N. K., Ram, S., Garg, A., Bhansali, A. K., & Bhadada, S. K. (2021) · Archives of Osteoporosis · doi:10.1007/s11657-020-00855-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Do physical activity and sedentary behavior relate to cardio‐metabolic risk factor clustering in indigenous S iberian adults?
Wilson, H., Leonard, W. R., Tarskaia, L. A., Klimova, T. M., Krivoshapkin, V. G., & Snodgrass, J. J. (2014) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22625 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The irresistible rise of the Cohort Profile
Ferrie, J. E. (2012) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dys119 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Epidemiological ramifications of diagnosing diabetes with HbA1c levels
Davidson, M. B., & Pan, D. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.03.016 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Each item was calculated as follows: (duration of activity) × (frequency of activity during the last 30 days) × (MET value of activity) [17] based on previously published classification schemes [18].”
Method
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Factors Based on Smoking Status and Physical Activity in Korean Adult Men
Yuan, H., & Kim, M. (2023) · Daehan imsang geon-gang jeungjin hakoeji/Daehan imsang geon'gang jeungjin haghoeji · doi:10.15384/kjhp.2023.23.2.75 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“In contrast, light PA (LPA) correlates with more chronic diseases, 9) suggesting that increased PA intensity reduces MetS.”
Background
Body composition, strength static and isokinetic, and bone health: comparative study between active adults and amateur soccer players
Tavares, Ó. M., Duarte, J. P., Werneck, A. O., Costa, D. C., Sousa-e-Silva, P., Martinho, D. V., Luz, L. G. D. O., Morouço, P., Valente‐dos‐Santos, J., Gonçalves, R. S., et al. (2019) · Einstein (São Paulo) · doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2019ao4419 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“A high value is attributed to interventions aimed to promote physical activity,(3) and special emphasis is placed on high-intensity activities, which are more effective for body composition regulation.(4) Adiposity, especially in adult life, may lead to several metabolic disorders, which are risk factors for metabolic…”
Background
Strengthening initial teacher education programs to deliver confident, effective, classroom-ready graduates: a feasibility study
Riley, N., Leahy, A. A., Eather, N., Verswijveren, S. J. J. M., & Lander, N. (2025) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3714149/v1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Exploring the relationship between adolescent physical activity and anthropometric parameters
LOGAN, G. R. M., Harris, N., Duncan, S., Hinckson, E. A., & Schofield, G. (2016) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-016-0266-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Differences of Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Syndrome Severity Among Metabolic Syndrome Clusters
Booker, R., Jones, R., Galloway, R., & Holmes, M. E. (2021) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276211056874 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“37,38 Regarding SB, 3 MetS clusters which included WC were found to have more SB than the only non-WC four-criteria MetS cluster.”
Joint association of depression and physical activity with incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) among middle-aged and older adults in China
Liu, Z., 起荣宇, Qu, L., Wang, G., Li, J., & Liu, X. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-50014-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Accelerometer-measured stepping cadence patterns in Korean adults: an analysis of data from the 2014-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Kim, G., Sung, H., Ryu, Y., Lim, J., Kim, J.-S., Kim, H. K., & Kim, Y. S. (2021) · Epidemiology and Health · doi:10.4178/epih.e2021056 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“org 2 portion of vigorous PA was found to be associated with lower mortality risk and a low prevalence of metabolic diseases [4,5].”
Background
Psychological and Physiological Responses across Six Weeks of HIIT and MICT in Previously Inactive Young Adults
Dunston, E. R., & Taylor, K. (2023) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/fqav8949 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Association of life–course severe sleep apnoea with the risk of all-cause mortality: the offset effect of physical activity
Lin, J., Yang, R., Zhang, Y., Li, S., Yang, H., Ma, Y., Li, H., Zhou, L., Hou, Y., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-022-01782-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…may be explained by the fact that moderate or vigorous physical activity is able to bring greater improvement in peak oxygen consumption and counters the increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and sympathetic activation (Dobrosielski et al. 2017; Janssen and Ross 2012; Swain and Franklin 2006).”
Association of life’s simple 7 with cognitive function in a multi-ethnic cohort
Huang, X., Samad, M. H. B., Koh, G. C. H., Müller, A. M., Müller‐Riemenschneider, F., Sim, X., & Hilal, S. (2026) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100453 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…intensity or ≥ 150 min/week moderate and vigorous intensity, while in this study an equivalent value of 500 MET-min/week is used as the criterion [25] Healthy diet is defined as meeting at least 3 of following criteria: fruits or vegetables ( ≥ 450 g/day), fish ( ≥ 198 g/week), whole grains ( ≥…”
Associations of Total Activity Counts and Physical Activity Intensity Levels with the Metabolic Syndrome: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Wolff, D. L. (2014) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Leisure but not household physical activities associates with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older individuals: a cross-sectional study
Paschoalino, T. M. P. F., Oliveira, R. B., Borges, J. P., & Farinatti, P. (2018) · International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries · doi:10.1007/s13410-018-0639-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“While it has been recognized that cardiometabolic effects of exercise would be proportional to its intensity and volume [4, 5], some research indicated that even low levels of physical activity vs.”
Background
Lifestyle Interventions
Prescott, E. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-42880-4.00018-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sedentary Behaviors and Sleeping Duration among Saudi Basketball Players
Sakr, M. A. E. M., & AlNaggar, M. (2021) · Journal of Theories and Applications of Physical Education Sport Sciences · doi:10.21608/jat.2021.226117 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“A number of scientific works have demonstrated that physical inactivity and SB are two independent entities (Chomistek et al. 2013; Janssen and Ross 2012; Tremblay et al. 2017; Young et al. 2016).”
Background
Better Option for Improving Metabolic Syndrome: Consideration of the Amount and Duration of Resistance Exercise or Physical Activity
Jo, H.-D., & Kim, M. (2023) · Exercise Science · doi:10.15857/ksep.2023.00241 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“PA consists of a variety of activities, including aerobic-and resistance exercise (RE), and many studies have been investigated the optimal frequency, intensity, and duration of PA for improving MetS [6-9].”
Background
Síndrome metabólico: enfoque fisiopatológico
Duque, O. A. P., Zapata, D. F. L., & Trujillo, J. C. G. (2015) · Areandina · doi:10.33132/01248146.544 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Atividade Física e Saúde – Donde para onde?
Mota, J. A. P. S., de Oliveira, J. J. F., & Duarte, J. A. (2017) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/rbafs.v.22n2p107-109 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Among the Chinese Middle-Aged Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Hu, B., Liu, X., Wang, C., Yin, S., Yu, L., Zhang, T., Wu, J., Chen, Y., Zheng, Y., & Feng, F. (2015) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0231 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Exercise Intensity and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: The SUN Project
Hidalgo-Santamaría, M., Fernández‐Montero, A., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Moreno‐Galarraga, L., Sánchez‐Villegas, A., Barrio-López, M. T., & Bes‐Rastrollo, M. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.11.021 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Total Physical Activity Volume, Physical Activity Intensity, and Metabolic Syndrome: 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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Authors: Janssen, I., & Ross, R.
Affiliations: Queen's University (CA)
Corresponding author: Janssen, I.
ORCID: Janssen, I.
Venue: International Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2012-03-24
Volume: 41
Issue: 4
Pages: 1132-1140
ISSN: 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
1464-3685
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys038
PMC: PMC3429871
OpenAlex: W2100553130
Cited by: 124
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 7.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: International Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords: high-intensity exercise, metabolic syndrome, moderate physical activity, physical activity intensity, cardiometabolic disease prevention, accelerometer-measured activity, MET-minutes per week
MeSH terms: Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Nutrition Surveys, Ontario, Logistic Models, Metabolic Syndrome

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Vigorous intensity physical activity is related to the metabolic syndrome independent of the physical activity dose

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