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Cited by 482Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Physical activity in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome

Lakka, Timo A., Laaksonen, David E.·2007·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
DOI 10.1139/h06-113
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Abstract

Randomised controlled trials have shown that exercise training has a mild or moderate favourable effect on many metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors that constitute or are related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Epidemiological studies suggest that regular physical activity prevents type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality in large part through these risk factors. Although randomized controlled trials with the prevention or treatment of the MetS as the main outcome have not been published, several large randomized controlled trials provide strong evidence that favourable lifestyle changes, including regular physical activity, are effective in the prevention of type 2 diabetes in individuals who are overweight and have impaired glucose tolerance. Compliance with the current recommendations to increase the total volume of moderate-intensity physical activity and to maintain good cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness appears to markedly decrease the likelihood of developing the MetS, especially in high-risk groups. Walking is the most common form of physical activity— it improves health in many ways and is generally safe. Therefore, brisk walking for at least 30 min daily can be recommended as the principal form of physical activity at the population level. If there are no contraindications, more vigorous physical exercise or resistance training should also be considered to obtain additional health benefits. Unstructured and low-intensity physical activity may also decrease the likelihood of developing the MetS, especially when substituted for sedentary behaviours such as watching television. The measurement of maximal oxygen consumption may provide an efficient means to target even individuals with relatively few metabolic risk factors who may benefit from more intensive intervention.

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Crossref · 10.1139/h06-113

Cites

153 of 153 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The initial health status of participants, including baseline metabolic health, insulin sensitivity, and lipid levels, can influence how their bodies respond to an exercise intervention.

    “The initial health status of participants, including factors such as baseline metabolic health, insulin sensitivity, and lipid levels, can influence how their bodies respond to the exercise intervention.”

    From Effect of water-based aerobic training on anthropometric, biochemical, cardiovascular, and explosive strength parameters in young overweight and obese women: a randomized controlled trial (2025) · cites this paper as Lakka & Laaksonen, 2007

  • Participants with poorer baseline health (e.g., higher baseline TG or insulin resistance) may experience more significant improvements due to greater potential for metabolic adaptations compared to those with better baseline metabolic health.

    “Participants with poorer baseline health (e.g., higher baseline TG or insulin resistance) may experience more significant improvements due to the greater potential for metabolic adaptations compared to those with better baseline metabolic health (Lakka & Laaksonen, 2007).”

    From Effect of water-based aerobic training on anthropometric, biochemical, cardiovascular, and explosive strength parameters in young overweight and obese women: a randomized controlled trial (2025) · cites this paper as Lakka & Laaksonen, 2007

  • Higher levels of physical activity, exercise training, and overall cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk for hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, and metabolic syndrome, and lower cardiovascular mortality.

    “Higher levels of physical activity, exercise training, and overall cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk for hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, and metabolic syndrome, as well as lower cardiovascular mortality [104, 110, 178, 200].”

    From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [104]

  • Physical exercise improves cognitive function, learning and memory, and significantly moderates age-related cognitive decline.

    “improves cognitive function, learning and memory, and significantly moderates age-related cognitive decline [2, 97, 104, 110, 187, 188, 200], reviewed in [10].”

    From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [104]

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Authors
Lakka, T. A., & Laaksonen, D. E.
Affiliations
University of Eastern Finland (FI)
ORCID
Lakka, Timo A.
Venue
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Publisher
Canadian Science Publishing
Published
2007-02
Volume
32
Issue
1
Pages
76-88
ISSN
  • 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
  • 1715-5320
DOI
10.1139/h06-113
OpenAlex
W2165047367
Semantic Scholar
685e6e83eb6bff5cf6578453ed74dc2df02125fe
Cited by
482
References
153
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 31
FWCI
2.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations
  • Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
metabolic syndrome, physical activity, exercise training, type 2 diabetes prevention, cardiovascular risk factors, brisk walking, resistance training, cardiorespiratory fitness, VO2max, sedentary behavior, lifestyle intervention, impaired glucose tolerance, overweight
MeSH terms
Female, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Risk Factors, Weight Lifting, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Walking, Metabolic Syndrome

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