Cited by 329Animal Behavior and Welfare StudiesAnimal testing and alternativesPrimate Behavior and Ecology

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Stereotypies and Other Abnormal Repetitive Behaviors: Potential Impact on Validity, Reliability, and Replicability of Scientific Outcomes

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Garner, J. P.·2005·ILAR Journal

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Abstract

Normal behavior plays a key role in facilitating homeostasis, especially by allowing the animal to control and modify its environment. Captive environments may interfere with these behavioral responses, and the resulting stress may alter many physiological parameters. Abnormal behaviors indicate that an animal is unable to adjust behaviorally to the captive environment and, hence, may be expressing abnormal physiology. Therefore, captive environments may affect the following aspects of an experiment: validity, by introducing abnormal animals into experiments; reliability, by increasing interindividual variation through the introduction of such individuals; and replicability, by altering the number and type of such individuals between laboratories. Thus, far from increasing variability, enrichment may actually improve validity, reliability, and replicability by reducing the number of abnormal animals introduced into experiments. In this article, the specific example of abnormal repetitive behaviors (ARBs) is explored. ARBs in captive animals appear to involve the same mechanisms as ARBs in human psychiatry, which reflect underlying abnormalities of brain function. ARBs are also correlated with a wide range of behavioral changes that affect experimental outcomes. Thus, ARBs in laboratory animals may compromise validity, reliability, and replicability, especially in behavioral experiments; and enrichments that prevent ARB may enhance validity, reliability, and replicability. Although many links in this argument have been tested experimentally, key issues still remain in the interpretation of these data. In particular, it is currently unclear (1) whether or not the differences in brain function seen in animals performing ARB are abnormal, (2) which common behavioral paradigms are affected by ARB, and (3) whether enrichment does indeed improve the quality of behavioral data. Ongoing and future work addressing these issues is outlined.

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Authors: Garner, J. P.
Affiliations: Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
Corresponding author: Garner, J. P.
ORCID: Garner, J. P.
Venue: ILAR Journal
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2005-01-01
Volume: 46
Issue: 2
Pages: 106-117
ISSN: 1084-2020 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/ilar.46.2.106
OpenAlex: W1994433943
Cited by: 329
References: 72
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 2.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: ILAR Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Purdue University
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Keywords: stereotypy, animal welfare, enrichment, captive animals, validity, reliability statistics, replicability, interindividual variability, stress, behavioral paradigms, animal models of psychiatric disorders
MeSH terms: Animals, Animal Husbandry, Animals, Laboratory, Behavior, Animal, Housing, Animal, Humans, Research Design, Stereotyped Behavior, Reproducibility of Results, Animal Experimentation, Mice

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Stereotypies and Other Abnormal Repetitive Behaviors: Potential Impact on Validity, Reliability, and Replicability of Scientific Outcomes

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