Genetics of Mouse Behavior: Interactions with Laboratory Environment
Abstract
Strains of mice that show characteristic patterns of behavior are critical for research in neurobehavioral genetics. Possible confounding influences of the laboratory environment were studied in several inbred strains and one null mutant by simultaneous testing in three laboratories on a battery of six behaviors. Apparatus, test protocols, and many environmental variables were rigorously equated. Strains differed markedly in all behaviors, and despite standardization, there were systematic differences in behavior across labs. For some tests, the magnitude of genetic differences depended upon the specific testing lab. Thus, experiments characterizing mutants may yield results that are idiosyncratic to a particular laboratory.
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The finding of significant interlaboratory variability is consistent with previous attempts to replicate identical protocols across multiple sites for animal and cell line studies.
“The finding of significant interlaboratory variability is also consistent with previous attempts to replicate identical protocols across multiple sites for animal (Crabbe et al., 1999) and cell line studies (Elliott et al., 2017;Niepel et al., 2019).”
From Estimating the replicability of Brazilian biomedical science (2025) · cites this paper as Crabbe et al., 1999
Experiments with NHPs are not necessarily any more predictive of human responses than experiments with other animals.
“As exemplified by the study of HIV/AIDS, TGN 1412, and other experiences,62 experiments with NHPs are not necessarily any more predictive of human responses than experiments with other animals.”
From The Flaws and Human Harms of Animal Experimentation (2015) · cites this paper as [62]
Several cross-laboratory studies of inbred mouse behavior have produced significantly different results across laboratories despite rigorous standardization of husbandry conditions, apparatus, and testing protocols.
“Several cross-laboratory studies of inbred mouse behavior have produced significantly different results across laboratories despite rigorous standardization of the husbandry conditions, apparatus, and testing protocols (Crabbe et al. 1999; Lewejohann et al. 2006; Richter et al. 2011).”
From How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative psychology (2012) · cites this paper as Crabbe et al. 1999
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“For example, wild type mice show different behavioral phenotypes when tested under similar conditions but at different laboratories (Crabbe et al., 1999).”
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“The finding of significant interlaboratory variability is also consistent with previous attempts to replicate identical protocols across multiple sites for animal (Crabbe et al., 1999) and cell line studies (Elliott et al., 2017; Niepel et al., 2019).”
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- Authors
- Crabbe, J. C., Wahlsten, D., & Dudek, B. C.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9.
- State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crabbe, John C.
- ORCID
- Crabbe, John C.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1999-06-04
- Volume
- 284
- Issue
- 5420
- Pages
- 1670-1672
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2029707852
- Cited by
- 1,666
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 67 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 29.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k02aa000170-05, 5r01da010731-03)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA 10760, AA00170, P60AA010760)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA10731)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- mouse behavior, inbred mouse strains, laboratory conditions, inter-laboratory variability, knockout mutants, behavioral phenotyping
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Laboratory, Anxiety, Behavior, Animal, Drinking Behavior, Environment, Female, Genetics, Behavioral, Genotype, Male, Mice, Inbred Strains, Mice, Mutant Strains, Motor Activity, Psychological Tests, Reproducibility of Results, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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