Cited by 149SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchRespiratory viral infections researchAnimal Virus Infections Studies

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Direct Observation of Repeated Infections With Endemic Coronaviruses

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Galanti, Marta, Shaman, Jeffrey·2021·The Journal of Infectious Diseases

DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiaa392PMC PMC7454749

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Abstract

Background: Although the mechanisms of adaptive immunity to pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are still unknown, the immune response to the widespread endemic coronaviruses HKU1, 229E, NL63, and OC43 provide a useful reference for understanding repeat infection risk. Methods: Here we used data from proactive sampling carried out in New York City from fall 2016 to spring 2018. We combined weekly nasal swab collection with self-reports of respiratory symptoms from 191 participants to investigate the profile of recurring infections with endemic coronaviruses. Results: During the study, 12 individuals tested positive multiple times for the same coronavirus. We found no significant difference between the probability of testing positive at least once and the probability of a recurrence for the betacoronaviruses HKU1 and OC43 at 34 weeks after enrollment/first infection. We also found no significant association between repeat infections and symptom severity, but found strong association between symptom severity and belonging to the same family. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that reinfections with the same endemic coronavirus are not atypical in a time window shorter than 1 year and that the genetic basis of innate immune response may be a greater determinant of infection severity than immune memory acquired after a previous infection.

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Self-citation
Influenza-like illness symptoms due to endemic human coronavirus reinfections are not influenced by the length of the interval separating reinfections
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Authors: Galanti, M., & Shaman, J.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author: Galanti, Marta
ORCID: Galanti, Marta
Shaman, Jeffrey
Venue: The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2020-07-07
Volume: 223
Issue: 3
Pages: 409-415
ISSN: 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
1537-6613
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa392
PMC: PMC7454749
OpenAlex: W3042062103
Cited by: 149
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 33
FWCI: 4.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations: The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (W911NF-16-2-0035)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
Keywords: recurrent infections, endemic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, NL63, 229E, reinfection, immunological memory, innate immune response, symptom severity, betacoronaviruses, respiratory symptoms
MeSH terms: Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Humans, Immunity, Innate, New York City, Respiratory Tract Infections, Survival Analysis, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections, Endemic Diseases

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Direct Observation of Repeated Infections With Endemic Coronaviruses

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