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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The roles of TLRs, RLRs and NLRs in pathogen recognition

Open access
Kawai, T., Akira, S.·2009·International Immunology

Abstract

The mammalian innate immune system detects the presence of microbial infection through germ line-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors serve as PRRs that recognize different but overlapping microbial components. They are expressed in different cellular compartments such as the cell surface, endosome, lysosome or cytoplasm and activate specific signaling pathways that lead to expression of genes that tailor immune responses to particular microbes. This review summarizes recent insights into pathogen sensing by these PRRs and their signaling pathways.

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Metadata

Authors
Kawai, T., & Akira, S.
Venue
International Immunology
Published
2009-02-26
Volume
21
Issue
4
Pages
317-337
ISSN
  • 0953-8178 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2377
OpenAlex
W2152842365
Cited by
1,670
References
37
FWCI
48.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The roles of TLRs, RLRs and NLRs in pathogen recognition. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/intimm/dxp017
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Kawai, T., & Akira, S. (2009). The roles of TLRs, RLRs and NLRs in pathogen recognition. International Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxp017

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.