The impact of internet and social media use on well-being: a longitudinal analysis of adolescents across nine years
Open accessAbstract
Abstract The present research examines the longitudinal average impact of frequency of use of Internet and social networking sites (SNS) on subjective well-being of adolescents in Germany. Based on five-wave panel data that cover a period of nine years, we disentangle between-person and within-person effects of media use on depressive symptomatology and life satisfaction as indicators of subjective well-being. Additionally, we control for confounders such as TV use, self-esteem, and satisfaction with friends. We found that frequency of Internet use in general and use of SNS in particular is not substantially related subjective well-being. The explanatory power of general Internet use or SNS use to predict between-person differences or within-person change in subjective well-being is close to zero. TV use, a potentially confounding variable, is negatively related to satisfaction with life, but it does not affect depressive symptomatology. However, this effect is too small to be of practical relevance.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
More prolonged studies spanning 8 or 9 years have corroborated that frequency of social media use does not longitudinally predict depressive symptoms in adolescents even when studied across developmental periods from adolescence to young adulthood.
“More prolonged studies spanning 8 or 9 years have further corroborated the view that frequency of social media use does not longitudinally predict depressive symptoms in adolescents even when studied across developmental periods from adolescence to young adulthood (31, 32).”
From Does Social Media Use Increase Depressive Symptoms? A Reverse Causation Perspective (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
Several recent longitudinal studies show null or even disconfirming evidence for social media as a precedent of depression.
“Several recent longitudinal studies show null or even disconfirming evidence for social media as a precedent of depression.”
From Does Social Media Use Increase Depressive Symptoms? A Reverse Causation Perspective (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using <b>lme4</b>
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01 · Cited by 86,835 · see citing works
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126 · see citing works
(2001) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 27,577 · see citing works
Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.
Ryff, C. D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 · Cited by 14,847 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Thus, individuals high in self-esteem are happier and experience more subjective well-being than individuals low in self-esteem (Ryff, 1989).”
BackgroundInfluentialPositive psychology: An introduction.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.5 · Cited by 11,351 · see citing works
Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?
Kraut, R. E., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V. A., Kiesler, S. B., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. L. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.53.9.1017 · Cited by 4,830 · see citing works
Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.9.1017 · Cited by 4,793 · see citing works
Kraut, R. E., Kiesler, S. B., Boneva, B. S., Cummings, J. N., Helgeson, V. S., & Crawford, A. M. (2002) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/1540-4560.00248 · Cited by 2,254 · see citing works
Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults
Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069841 · Cited by 1,596 · see citing works
Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents’ well-being and social self-esteem
Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Schouten, A. P. (2006) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.584 · Cited by 1,531 · see citing works
The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use
Orben, A., & Przybylski, A. K. (2019) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0506-1 · Cited by 1,500 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In particular, scholars have pointed out a scarcity of longitudinal studies that cover longer periods to disentangle between-person and within-person effects (Orben, Dienlin, & Przybylski, 2019; Whitlock & Masur, 2019).”
BackgroundResultInfluential(2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470774298 · Cited by 1,186 · see citing works
Lin, L. Y., Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J. B., Hoffman, B. L., Giles, L. M., & Primack, B. A. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22466 · Cited by 1,111 · see citing works
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.08.020 · Cited by 1,087 · cited 2× · see citing works
“First, Internet applications can increase social capital which, in turn, bolsters subjective well-being (Bessière et al., 2008; Valkenburg & Peter, 2011).”
BackgroundFixed and random effects models: making an informed choice
Bell, A., Fairbrother, M., & Jones, K. (2019) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-018-0802-x · Cited by 1,085 · see citing works
Dumont, M., & Provost, M. A. (1999) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1023/a:1021637011732 · Cited by 1,038 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The same holds true for other potential confounders, e.g., self-esteem or satisfaction with friends that are important predictors of our criterion variables (Dumont & Provost, 1999; Shortt & Spence, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialPassive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being: Experimental and longitudinal evidence.
Verduyn, P., Lee, D. S., Park, J., Shablack, H., Orvell, A., Bayer, J., Ybarra, O., Jonides, J., & Kross, E. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000057 · Cited by 988 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Third, users may perceive passive browsing as less pleasant relative to active searching (Escobar-Viera et al., 2018; Verduyn et al., 2015).”
BackgroundGlobal Judgments of Subjective Well-Being: Situational Variability and Long-Term Stability
Eid, M., & Diener, E. (2004) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/b:soci.0000003801.89195.bc · Cited by 714 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Another explanation is that life satisfaction and depressive symptomatology exhibit high temporal stability (Eid & Diener, 2004).”
BackgroundNew methods for the analysis of change
Collins, L. M., & Sayer, A. (2001) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10409-000 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Meerkerk, G.-J., Vermulst, A. A., Spijkerman, R., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2008) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.655 · Cited by 562 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Most studies investigating the impact of Internet or SNS use did not account for these important determinants of subjective well-being (e.g., Scherr et al., 2019; Van den Eijnden & Meerkerk, 2008; but see Burke & Kraut, 2016 who study the role of critical life events).”
BackgroundBurke, M., & Kraut, R. E. (2016) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12162 · Cited by 552 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Across adolescence, individuals experience an increase of stressful life events caused by interpersonal conflicts with peers or girl- or boyfriends (Burke & Kraut, 2016).”
BackgroundHuinink, J. J., Brüderl, J., Nauck, B., Walper, S., Castiglioni, L., & Feldhaus, M. (2011) · Journal of Family Research · doi:10.20377/jfr-235 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Social media’s enduring effect on adolescent life satisfaction
Orben, A., Dienlin, T., & Przybylski, A. K. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1902058116 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Lakens, D., Adolfi, F., Albers, C. J., Anvari, F., Apps, M. A. J., Argamon, S., Baguley, T. S., Becker, R. B., Benning, S. D., Bradford, D. E., et al. (2018) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0311-x · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Social Comparison 2.0: Examining the Effects of Online Profiles on Social-Networking Sites
Haferkamp, N., & Krämer, N. C. (2011) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0120 · Cited by 457 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…individuals are often exposed to idealized depictions of others and engage in upward comparisons which may produce envy (Krasnova, Wenninger, Widjaja, & Buxmann, 2013), lower perceived attractiveness (Haferkamp & Krämer, 2011), or decreased self-esteem (Schmuck, Karsay, Matthes, & Stevic, 2019).”
BackgroundMethodTime spent on social network sites and psychological well-being: a meta-analysis
Huang, C. (2017) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2016.0758 · Cited by 457 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Meta-analyses also corroborate the heterogeneity of effects, suggesting on average a negative, yet comparatively small relationship between media use and of well-being (Huang, 2017; Liu, Ainsworth, & Baumeister, 2016).”
BackgroundThe Accuracy of Self-Reported Internet Use—A Validation Study Using Client Log Data
Scharkow, M. (2016) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2015.1118446 · Cited by 408 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For instance, individuals are generally not very good at estimating the frequency of their media use (Scharkow, 2016), which may result in under- or overestimation.”
BackgroundTelevision and the Quality of Life: How Viewing Shapes Everyday Experience
Kubey, R. W., & Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Selfhout, M. H. W., Branje, S. J. T., Delsing, M., ter Bogt, T. F. M., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2009) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.10.011 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Internet use and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis
Huang, C. (2010) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0217 · Cited by 359 · cited 3× · see citing works
“A look at reviews and meta-analysis that summarized the primarily cross-sectional evidence suggests that studies documenting negative relationships outweigh those that found positive relationships (Huang, 2010; Steers, 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialPassive and Active Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms Among United States Adults
Escobar-Viera, C. G., Shensa, A., Bowman, N. D., Sidani, J. E., Knight, J., James, A. E., & Primack, B. A. (2018) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2017.0668 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
The best of both worlds: Combining autoregressive and latent curve models.
Curran, P. J., & Bollen, K. A. (2001) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10409-004 · Cited by 331 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The inclusion of lagged dependent is controversial: Some argue they could bias estimates of variables of interest (e.g., Vaisey & Miles, 2017); others scholars advocate for including lagged dependent variables (e.g., Curran & Bollen, 2001).”
BackgroundEffects of Internet use and social resources on changes in depression
Bessière, K., Kiesler, S., Kraut, R., & Boneva, B. S. (2008) · Information, Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/13691180701858851 · Cited by 316 · cited 2× · see citing works
“More precisely, time spent on Internet communication with relatives and friends decreased depression over time (Bessière et al., 2008).”
BackgroundWhat You Can—and Can’t—Do With Three-Wave Panel Data
Vaisey, S., & Miles, A. (2014) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124114547769 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
The Routledge Handbook of Media Use and Well-Being
Hartmann, T. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315714752 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Are Social Media Ruining Our Lives? A Review of Meta-Analytic Evidence
Appel, M., Marker, C., & Gnambs, T. (2020) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1177/1089268019880891 · Cited by 290 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Appel et al. (2020) doubt that “social media use has (. . .) severe detrimental consequences.””
BackgroundInfluentialTelevision and the Quality of Life: How Viewing Shapes Everyday Experience.
Perse, E. M., Kubey, R. W., & Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072983 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Ferguson, C. J., Muñoz, M. E., Garza, A., & Galindo, M. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9898-9 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Facebook and self-perception: Individual susceptibility to negative social comparison on Facebook
de Vries, D. A., & Kühne, R. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.029 · Cited by 250 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…upward comparisons, displacement of offline relationships) occur more frequently than processes that produce positive outcomes (positive feedback, building social capital, engage in identity exploration) when using Internet application like SNS (de Vries & Kühne, 2015; Haferkamp & Krämer, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodSchmuck, D., Karsay, K., Matthes, J., & Stevic, A. (2019) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2019.101240 · Cited by 241 · cited 4× · see citing works
“…effects of SNS use on subjective well-being, but studies looking at shorter periods did (14 days in the study by Kross et al., 2013, 3 months in Schmuck et al., 2019), it seems advisable to design longitudinal studies that incorporate measures with short periods repeated over periods with…”
BackgroundInfluentialA meta-analysis of social networking online and social capital
Liu, D., Ainsworth, S. E., & Baumeister, R. F. (2016) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000091 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Dienlin, T., Masur, P. K., & Trepte, S. (2017) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12183 · Cited by 187 · cited 2× · see citing works
“A longitudinal survey of 460 German SNS and IM users found that SNS communication was positively (but weakly) related to life satisfaction six months later (Dienlin et al., 2017).”
BackgroundErnala, S. K., Burke, M., Leavitt, A., & Ellison, N. B. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376435 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Internet Communication and Its Relation to Well-Being: Identifying Some Underlying Mechanisms
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213260709336802 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Social Indicators Research Series
Glatzer, W., Moum, T., Vogel, J., Veenhoven, R., & Tonón, G. (2015) · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Booker, C. L., Skew, A. J., Kelly, Y. J., & Sacker, A. (2015) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301783 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Information Overload, Similarity, and Redundancy: Unsubscribing Information Sources on Twitter
Liang, H., & Fu, K. (2016) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12178 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The Encyclopedia of adulthood and aging
(2016) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.197303 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The State-Trait Depression Scales: An International Comparison
Krohne, H. W., Schmukle, S. C., Spaderna, H., & Spielberger, C. D. (2002) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800290028422 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Encyclopedia of Adulthood and Aging
Guha, M. (2016) · Reference Reviews · doi:10.1108/rr-03-2016-0061 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Risk and Protective Factors for Depression in Youth
Shortt, A. L., & Spence, S. H. (2006) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.23.1.1 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Encyclopedia of Adulthood and Aging
Bertolino, M. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118521373 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Depression as a Predictor of Facebook Surveillance and Envy
Scherr, S., Toma, C. L., & Schuster, B. (2018) · Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications · doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000247 · Cited by 44 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Since other studies with inter-panel intervals of six (Ferguson et al., 2014) or 12 months (Scherr et al., 2019) did not find effects of SNS use on subjective well-being, but studies looking at shorter periods did (14 days in the study by Kross et al., 2013, 3 months in Schmuck et al., 2019), it…”
BackgroundResult‘It's complicated’: Facebook's relationship with the need to belong and depression
Steers, M. N. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.10.007 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Whitlock, J., & Masur, P. K. (2019) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3191 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation Between Media Use in Adolescence and Depression in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study
Primack, B. A., Swanier, B., Georgiopoulos, A. M., Land, S. R., & Fine, M. J. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.532 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Beziehungs- und Familienpanel (pairfam)
Brüderl, J., Drobnič, S., Hank, K., Nauck, B., Neyer, F. J., Walper, S., Alt, P., Bozoyan, C., Buhr, P., Finn, C., et al. (2019) · GESIS Data Archive · doi:10.4232/pairfam.5678.10.0.0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Krasnova, H., Wenninger, H., Widjaja, T., & Buxmann, P. (2013). Envy on Facebook: A hidden threat to users' life satisfaction. Paper presented at the 11th international conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, Leipzig, Germany.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
McComb, C. A., Vanman, E. J., & Tobin, S. J. (2023) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2023.2180647 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
“between social media use and negative mental health outcomes (Coyne et al., 2020; Schemer et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSocial media use, social displacement, and well-being
Hall, J. A., & Liu, D. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101339 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Sweet escape: The role of empathy in social media engagement with human versus virtual influencers
Mirowska, A., & Arsenyan, J. (2023) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103008 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Does Social Media Use Increase Depressive Symptoms? A Reverse Causation Perspective
Hartanto, A., Quek, F. Y. X., Tng, G. Y. Q., & Yong, J. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641934 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“More prolonged studies spanning 8 or 9 years have further corroborated the view that frequency of social media use does not longitudinally predict depressive symptoms in adolescents even when studied across developmental periods from adolescence to young adulthood (31, 32).”
BackgroundPagano, M., Bacaro, V., & Crocetti, E. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107813 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Dynamics of adolescents’ smartphone use and well-being are positive but ephemeral
Marciano, L., Driver, C., Schulz, P. J., & Camerini, A.-L. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05291-y · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Boer, M., Stevens, G. W. J. M., Finkenauer, C., & van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.107084 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Sewall, C. J. R., Goldstein, T. R., Wright, A. G. C., & Rosen, D. (2022) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026221078309 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“use relate to different aspects of well-being (Dickson et al., 2019; Griffioen et al., 2020; Orben, 2020; Schemer et al., 2021; Tang et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMethodA Need for Considering Digital Inequality When Studying Social Media Use and Well-Being
Büchi, M., & Hargittai, E. (2022) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051211069125 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“However, those longitudinal investigations that include a distal subjective well-being measure (and we only found studies measuring the emotional well-being dimension, for example, Orben et al., 2019; Schemer et al., 2021) have not addressed dimensions of socio-digital inequality to date.”
BackgroundJohannes, N., Nguyen, T.-V. T., Weinstein, N., & Przybylski, A. K. (2021) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000035 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Steinsbekk, S., Nesi, J. L., & Wichstrøm, L. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107859 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Two of these report no such relations (Beeres et al., 2021; Schemer, Masur, Geiss, Muller, & Schafer, 2021), whereas Puukko et al. (2020) found depressive symptoms to increase active social media use.”
BackgroundCollis, A., & Eggers, F. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272416 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Politte‐Corn, M., Nick, E. A., & Kujawa, A. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12640 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Karsay, K., Matthes, J., Schmuck, D., & Ecklebe, S. (2022) · Social science computer review · doi:10.1177/08944393211058308 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“First, given that the research field is shaped by cross-sectional survey designs, most studies have not disentangled within- from between-person associations of social media use and wellbeing (Beyens et al., 2020; Orben et al., 2019; Schemer et al., 2021).”
BackgroundThe link between changing news use and trust: longitudinal analysis of 46 countries
Fletcher, R., Andı, S., Badrinathan, S., Eddy, K. A., Kalogeropoulos, A., Mont’Alverne, C., Robertson, C., Arguedas, A. R., Schulz, A. M., Toff, B., et al. (2024) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqae044 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
No effect of different types of media on well-being
Johannes, N., Dienlin, T., Bakhshi, H., & Przybylski, A. K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03218-7 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Lin, S., Longobardi, C., Gastaldi, F. G. M., & Fabris, M. A. (2024) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316231160142 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“…one of the main online activities among adolescents and that social media use, compared to other Internet-related activities, may have its speci fi c characteristics and possibilly different underlying psychological mechanisms of effects on adolescents (Schemer et al., 2021; Y ı ld ı z Durak, 2020).”
BackgroundComputer-Mediated Communication and Well-Being in the Age of Social Media: A Systematic Review
High, A. C., Ruppel, E. K., McEwan, B. L., & Caughlin, J. P. (2022) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075221106449 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Yet, ” they concluded, “ answering this question has proven dif fi cult ” (Schemer et al., 2021, p. 1).”
BackgroundHampton, K. N., & Shin, I. (2022) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/08944393221117466 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Longitudinal studies have found no substantive relationship between frequency of use and adolescent, psychological well-being (Coyne et al., 2020; Schemer et al., 2020).”
BackgroundBodhi, R., Singh, T., & Joshi, Y. (2021) · Benchmarking An International Journal · doi:10.1108/bij-03-2021-0152 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Profiles of Internet Use and Health in Adolescence: A Person-Oriented Approach
Lahti, H., Lyyra, N., Hietajärvi, L., Villberg, J. J., & Paakkari, L. T. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18136972 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
A Methodological Framework for Analyzing the Appearance and Duration of Media Effects
Thomas, F. (2022) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqac013 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Social Media and Mental Health
Meier, A., & Reinecke, L. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520536.003.0012 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Social media use and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ansari, S., Iqbal, N., Asif, R., Hashim, M., Farooqi, S. R., & Alimoradi, Z. (2024) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2024.0001 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Active instagram use and its association with self-esteem and well-being.
Trifiro, B. M., & Prena, K. (2021) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000043 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“The proliferation of social media has led many to question its potential consequences on users (de Vries et al., 2017; Johnson & Knobloch-Westerwick, 2017; Lin et al., 2016; McLean et al., 2015; Orben et al., 2019; Orben & Przybylski, 2019; Schemer et al., 2021; Verduyn et al., 2017).”
BackgroundDirectly-measured smartphone screen time predicts well-being and feelings of social connectedness
Anderl, C., Hofer, M. K., & Chen, F. S. (2023) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075231158300 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“A few studies have also examined long-term associations within individuals based on panel surveys (e.g., Schemer et al., 2021).”
BackgroundSocial media use and social well-being: a systematic review and future research agenda
Murari, K., Shukla, S., & Dulal, L. (2024) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-11-2022-0608 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
How should we investigate variation in the relation between social media and well-being?Preprint
Johannes, N., Masur, P. K., Vuorre, M., & Przybylski, A. (2021) · Meta-Psychology · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xahbg · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Einstein, D. A., Dabb, C., & Fraser, M. (2023) · Australian journal of psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530.2023.2217961 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The link between high social media use and wellbeing in adolescents is the subject of debate (Schemer et al., 2021).”
Backgroundde Mello, V. O., Cheung, F., & Inzlicht, M. (2024) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-024-00062-z · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“…argue that the effect sizes of social media use on well-being are so small that they have no practical signi fi cance 17,18 ; others claim that the relationship is likely nonexistent 19 – 22 , and that signi fi cant effects are explained by confounding variables, such as personality 23,24 .”
Backgroundde Mello, V. O., Cheung, F., & Inzlicht, M. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/4x5em · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The COVID-19 pandemic: Electronic media use and health among US College students
Wright, R. R., Larson, J., Richards, S., Larson, S., & Nienstedt, C. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2022.2155463 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“16, Differences in these relationships between the Pre-COVID and COVID cohorts are also apparent.”
Pan, D., Yu, Y., & Ji, K. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03052-y · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“The second aspect is macro contextual factors, such as social security (Prenovitz, 2021), social media use (Schemer et al., 2021), ecosystem services (Wang et al., 2021b), species diversity (Methorst et al., 2021), city size (Dang et al., 2020), and income gap (Wang et al., 2021a).”
Jaidka, K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07219-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Zeng, P., Nie, J., Geng, J., Wang, H., Chu, X., Lin, Q., Wang, P., & Lei, L. (2022) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22849 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Ten Myths About the Effect of Social Media Use on Well-Being
Hall, J. A. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/59585 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“A study of German adolescents conducted over the decade in question found no evidence that social media use influenced future depression [68].”
Mobile social media use and life satisfaction among adolescents: a moderated mediation model
Meng, S., Kong, F., Dong, W., Zhang, Y., Yu, T., & Jin, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1117745 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of Internet Communication Technology Use by Youth in Foster Care
Sage, M. D., & Jackson, S. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-021-00738-z · Cited by 18 · see citing works
How does the Internet enhance the subjective well-being of elderly individuals in China?
Dong, X., Meng, S., & Chen, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1036169 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Masur, P. K., Veldhuis, J., & de Vaate, N. A. J. D. B. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003171270-12 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Størup, J. O., & Lieberoth, A. (2022) · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/13548565211065299 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“This is problematic as more and more research now demonstrates the need to be sensitive toward specific uses and behaviors in order to understand psychological and behavioral technology effects in any meaningful way (e.g., Kaye et al., 2020; Orben, 2020a; Schemer et al., 2020).”
BackgroundKong, F., Deng, H., Meng, S., & Ge, Y. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03880-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Unfortunately, findings derived from relevant studies are conflicting: in some cases, negative associations between digital technology use and well-being among adolescents are found (Orben & Przybylski, 2019; Twenge & Campbell, 2019), while other studies find no links (Schemer et al., 2021) or enhanced well-being with…”
BackgroundHerrero, J., Rodríguez‐Díaz, F. J., & Urueña, A. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122292 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Politte‐Corn, M., Dickey, L., Abitante, G., Pegg, S. L., Bean, C. A. L., & Kujawa, A. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01177-x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…and small effects across the literature on social media use and affective psychopathology, which has largely relied on measures of overall mental health rather than examining short-term fluctuations in affect (e.g., Ghaemi, 2020; Ivie et al., 2020; Kreski et al., 2021; Schemer et al., 2020).”
Sonuga-Barke, E., Stoilova, M., Kostyrka-Allchorne, K., Bourgaize, J., Murray, A., Tan, M., Hollis, C., Townsend, E., & Livingstone, S. (2024) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101411 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Controlling for these may change the statistical relationship between digital activity and mental health [23,24].”
The nonlinear road to happiness: Making sense of ESGD impacts on well-being
Alnafrah, I., & Belyaeva, Z. S. (2024) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2024.05.002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Yang, Q., & Feng, Y. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32463 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“However, some researchers have proposed that there is a nonsignificant correlation between SNS use and SWB [27,28].”
BackgroundMethodGhiaccio, R., Passaro, A., Stasolla, F., Martini, E., Fortuna, A. M. D., & Picione, R. D. L. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22040496 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Bidirectional Associations of Adolescents’ Momentary Social Media Use and Negative Emotions
Colasante, T., Faulkner, K., Kharbotli, D., Malti, T., & Hollenstein, T. (2024) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-024-00244-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Social media and mental health: Reviewing effects on eudaimonic well-beingPreprint
Meier, A., & Reinecke, L. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xvts8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Si, E., & Lee, G. (2022) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13275 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Is Too Much Time on the Internet Making us Less Satisfied with Life?
Suárez-Álvarez, A., & Vicente, M. (2024) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-024-10326-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…Lifshitz et al., 2018; Lohmann, 2015; Lu & Kandilov, 2021; Marciano et al., 2022; Nie & Erbring, 2001; Pénard et al., 2013; Sanders et al., 2000; Schemer et al., 2021; Sen et al., 2022; Suárez Álvarez & Vicente, 2023; Szabo et al., 2019; Valkenburg & Peter, 2009; Vas & Gombor, 2009; Zheng et…”
Mayen, S., Reinhardt, A., & Wilhelm, C. (2025) · Journal of Children and Media · doi:10.1080/17482798.2024.2443662 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“A longitudinal analysis by Schemer et al. (2021) found no significant association between the frequency of web browsing and well-being.”
Does social media harm young people’s well-being? A suggestion from economic research
Pugno, M. (2025) · Academia Mental Health and Well-Being · doi:10.20935/mhealthwellb7581 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Effect of a 1-Week Abstinence From Instagram on Mental Health in Youth and Young Adults
Schwarz, D., Steinau, K., Kraus, L., & In‐Albon, T. (2022) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403/a000392 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Stević, A. (2024) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051241239282 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Perceived social norms of social media users account for specific behaviors related to disclosure on social media (Masur et al., 2021).”
BackgroundResultStević, A., Koban, K., & Matthes, J. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108540 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Politte‐Corn, M., Nick, E. A., Dickey, L., Pegg, S. L., Cole, D. A., & Kujawa, A. (2022) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2021.40.6.30 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Staying, switching, and multiplatforming of user-generated content activities: a 12-year panel study
Hou, L., Guan, L., Zhou, Y., Shen, A., Wang, W., Luo, A., Lu, H., & Zhu, J. J. H. (2022) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-07-2021-0523 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ballou, N., Sewall, C. J. R., Ratcliffe, J., Zendle, D. I., Tokarchuk, L. N., & Deterding, S. (2024) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000124 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“We tested each hypothesis using a random-effects within-between (REWB) model (Bell et al., 2019), a mixed-effects model that disaggregates within-and between-person sources of variation and that has been successfully applied in previous digital mental health research (Schemer et al., 2021).”
Liu, P. L., & Yeo, T. E. D. (2023) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/08944393231220487 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, the majority of studies primarily focused on the effect of social media use on socio-psychological outcomes of adolescents (Schemer et al., 2021; Valkenburg et al., 2022; Weinstein, 2018), college students (Kim & Kim, 2017; Roberts & David, 2020), young adults (Berryman et al., 2018;…”
Akyıl, Y., & Oral, T. (2024) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-024-00317-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“In addition, a nine-year longitudinal study on the effect of social media on psychological resilience revealed that social media use negatively affects psychological resilience [57].”
Social media use and loneliness among adolescents: the moderating role of media literacy
Kim, Y., & Lee, M. (2024) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-12-2023-0664 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tabassum, U., Xing, Q., Abbas, J., Amjad, A. I., & Al‐Sulaiti, K. I. (2024) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-09-2023-1706 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Perugini, M. L. L., & Solano, A. C. (2022) · Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación - e Avaliação Psicológica · doi:10.21865/ridep64.3.11 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Schemer et al. (2021) comentan que numerosos estudios encontraron que la frecuencia de uso de aplicaciones de Internet disminuye el bienestar pero que, sin embargo, los tamaños del efecto en su mayoría son pequeños (para una revisión, ver Appel et al., 2020; Steers, 2015).”
BackgroundAlone and lonely? How physical and perceived isolation can lead to problematic internet use
Goh, Z. H., Tandoc, E. C., & Chan, V. X. (2022) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2022.2134825 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Many studies have documented various negative outcomes of internet use, from the rise of misinformation (e.g. Tandoc and Lee 2022) to threats to well-being (e.g. Schemer et al. 2021).”
BackgroundDorčić, T. M., Smojver‐Ažić, S., & Bradić, S. (2024) · Psihologijske teme · doi:10.31820/pt.33.1.7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kyei‐Arthur, F. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03788-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…worldwide, these studies have focused mainly on adolescents (Bozkurt et al., 2018; Casaló and Escario, 2019; Chi et al., 2020; Dong et al., 2020; Schemer et al., 2021) and youths (Aslanidou and Menexes, 2008; Bakker and De Vreese, 2011; Prievara et al., 2019; Tomczyk et al., 2020) to the…”
Ye, S., & Ho, K. K. W. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07406-w · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…cross-lagged effect model analysis, applies to quantitative variables, and usage time and post frequency are considered as the measurements of daily social media use (for example, Schemer et al., [2021] and Valkenburg et al. [2021]), we analyzed social media usage in the upper part of Fig.”
Klingelhoefer, J., Gilbert, A., Adrian, C., & Meier, A. (2025) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqaf037 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tang, J. L. (2022) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1080/08838151.2022.2087654 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“, 2015) including a longitudinal study with five waves (Schemer et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMarciano, A., David, Y., & Antebi‐Gruszka, N. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107729 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
de Vaate, N. A. J. D. B., Veldhuis, J., & Konijn, E. A. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107906 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
El impacto del uso prolongado de pantallas en el desarrollo cognitivo de los estudiantes
Tulcanaza, P. E. E., Guarnizo, T. C., Nieves, J. M. N., Taco, B. N. I., Veas, L. J. V., & Chicaiza, D. C. F. (2024) · South Florida Journal of Development · doi:10.46932/sfjdv5n12-086 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Erdem, H. D., Herrero, J., & Urueña, A. (2025) · Psychosocial Intervention · doi:10.5093/pi2025a15 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…among researchers in analyzing the impact of new social and communication technologies on users’ psychological and social adjustment (Elhai et al., 2017; Huang, 2010; Kaur et al., 2021; Kim et al., 2009; Munzel et al., 2018; Orben & Przybylski, 2019; Schemer et al., 2021; Vahedi & Saiphoo, 2018).”
Choi, D.-H. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241245010 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“One side suggests that social media use can facilitate life satisfaction by enhancing social ties and making social connections (Schemer et al., 2021).”
Gazit, T., Bergman, Y. S., Hoffman, Y. S. G., Weissberger, G. H., & Shrira, A. (2025) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448241312525 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The discussions have centered on whether such a relationship exists, whether it is negative or positive, and whether psychological well-being affects social media emotional experience or vice versa (Amichai-Hamburger and Etgar, 2018; Schemer et al., 2021).”
Li, C. (2025) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-025-03523-y · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The changes in free-time activities, either more free time for heavy users or changes in priorities for light users, may indicate a benefit on well-being by replacing the unpleasant ‘old’ medium use (Hall et al., 2019; Schemer et al., 2021 ).”
US State Policies Regarding Social Media: Do Policies Match the Evidence?
Thimm-Kaiser, M., & Keyes, K. M. (2025) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.70021 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gámez‐Guadix, M., & Machimbarrena, J. M. (2025) · Journal for the Study of Education and Development Infancia y Aprendizaje · doi:10.1177/02103702251358182 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Su impacto es particularmente notable entre los ado-lescentes, para quienes las tecnologías digitales han transformado la comunicación, la socializa-ción, la educación e, incluso, la construcción de la identidad (Sage et al., 2021; Schemer et al., 2021; Subrahmanyam & Smahel, 2010).”
Yasmine, D. I., Colombijn, F., van Deursen, A. J. A. M., & van Ingen, E. J. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100796 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Global Study of the Wellbeing of Adolescent Students During the COVID-19 2020 Lockdown
Skrzypiec, G., Wyra, M., Topcu-Uzer, C., Sikorska, I., Sandhu, D., Romera, E. M., Olenik‐Shemesh, D., Nery, M., Navarro-Rodríguez, C. D., Хломов, К. Д., et al. (2024) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-024-09678-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“However, this study was conducted before the pandemic began, in an era when study findings of the detrimental and beneficial effects of internet use were mixed and inconclusive (Schemer et al., 2020).”
Rochelle, T. L., & Chan, L.-S. (2024) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-024-03389-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Some studies link use of digital media to reduced wellbeing (Appel et al., 2020; Schemer et al., 2021), others have found that social media use can enhance health and wellbeing, by enhancing social connection and reducing feelings of loneliness and isolation (Dienlin et al., 2017; Husseno-eder,…”
Wang, T., Zhang, S., Li, Q., Liu, H., Zhang, S., Jian, W., & Guo, J. (2024) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.14.04127 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Studies have demonstrated an association between internet use and increased depressive symptoms [7–9], with several finding that internet usage in general and specific online activities such as social networking may be correlated with loneliness, low self-esteem, and depressive symptoms [10–12].”
BackgroundTintori, A., Ciancimino, G., & Cerbara, L. (2025) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc15020025 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Marciano, L., Albanese, E., Viswanath, K., & Camerini, A.-L. (2023) · European Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.47368/ejhc.2023.101 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Korgaonkar, P. K., Becerra, E. P., & Londoño, J. C. (2023) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2023.2253242 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kelly, Y. J., Xue, B., Booker, C. L., Sacker, A., Lacey, R. E., Ploubidis, G. B., & Patalay, P. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.03.31.22273198 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Firstly, most findings are cross sectional and have shown between-group comparisons,(6,8) thus preventing examination of potentially cyclical associations – it is possible that poor mental health in the first instance leads to higher social media use which in turn may lead to more mental health problems.(9,11-14) Seco…”
BackgroundLiu, J., Wang, J., Meng, Z., & Yu, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1580936 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Shuai, Y., Li, W., & Huang, F. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05737-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Internet use may help older adults maintain intergenerational ties, thereby improving their subjective well-being (Li and Zhou, 2021), yet its impact on the well-being of adolescents appears to be limited (Schemer et al., 2021).”
Verbeij, T., Beyens, I., Keijsers, L., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/a9ksb · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lorenzo, A. D., Gesto, C. D., Graziano, F., Calandri, E., Kaakinen, M., Oksanen, A., & Rabaglietti, E. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-07130-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Firstly, the results must be interpreted taking into account the cultural context and the dynamic and rapidly changing characteristics of the internet phenomenon, particularly for this age group (Schemer et al. 2021).”
Quantum-Resistant 1-out-of-N Oblivious Signatures from Lattices
You, J.-S., Liu, Z., Tso, R., Tseng, Y., & Mambo, M. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15255-9_9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Perreault, G., & Dienlin, T. (2024) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10776990241262346 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Anecdotal evidence shows that ICA Scholars now publish preprints (Verbeij et al., 2021), share data (Utz, 2017), provide code and materials (Schemer et al., 2021), or preregister their studies (Kümpel & Unkel, 2021; Oeldorf-Hirsch & Neubaum, 2023).”
Li, C., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s491498 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“54 Similarly, we hypothesized that those who engaged in higher levels of video games would need to allocate individual attentional resources more efficiently to the gaming experience, which in turn attenuates the effect of short-form video usage on depressive symptoms, whereas users who played…”
Digital Media, Suicide, and Self-Injury
Kruzan, K. P., & Whitlock, J. L. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108976237.018 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hui, B. P. H., Au, A. K. Y., Ng, J. C. K., & Song, X. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010100 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Both views have received considerable empirical support [24].”
BackgroundResultImpact of Privacy Behaviors on Relatedness and Well-Being in SNSs
Chae, H.-C., Kim, G., & Koh, C. E. (2022) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.2022.2052378 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Xu, D., Feng, S., & Huang, Z. (2024) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.2024.2385105 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The negative effects of new media and the Internet include: lack of critical thinking (M ¼ 4.0975, SD ¼ 1.3076); a waste of time (M ¼ 2.2058, SD ¼ 1.0664); dysgraphia (M ¼ 4.0241, SD ¼ 1.3566); disrupted connection to learning (M ¼ 4.0878, SD ¼ 1.3374); students’ laziness (M ¼ 4.0866, SD ¼ 1.3207); and health risks (M…”
InfluentialKostyrka‐Allchorne, K., Stoilova, M., Bourgaize, J., Murray, A. L., Azeri, E., Hollis, C. P., Townsend, E., Livingstone, S., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085061 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schemer, C., Masur, P. K., Geiß, S., Müller, P., & Schäfer, S.
- Affiliations
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- University of Mannheim (DE)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Schemer, Christian
- Venue
- Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-12-12
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-21
- ISSN
- 1083-6101 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3112674396
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 25.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- MADOC (University of Mannheim) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Media and Digital Communication
- Keywords
- internet use, social networking sites, subjective well-being, adolescents, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, television viewing, self-esteem, between-person effects, within-person change
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
