Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Method for the Detection of Canine Heartworm (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and Vertebrate Hosts
Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test was developed to aid in identification of Dirofilaria sp. and for use in surveys for infected vectors of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy). A set of PCR primers was designed based on the DNA sequence of a D. immitis surface antigen gene. The predicted product was a 378 base-pair DNA fragment. The target fragment was amplified from free D. immitis larvae (both L3 and microfilariae), individual infected mosquitoes, pools of 30 mosquitoes (including a single infected mosquito), infected mosquitoes stored desiccated at room temperature for 7 mo, and whole blood from a dog infected with D. immitis. These primers did not amplify a homologous fragment from a mermithid or from 4 other species of filarioid nematodes (including 1 other Dirofilaria species). Third-stage larvae from field-collected mosquitoes also were tested. Field-collected L3, identified tentatively as D. immitis, were confirmed by PCR. There was no amplification using the PCR test for L3 identified tentatively as Dirofilaria sp. (possibly D. tenuis Chandler). These data provide a strong indication of the specificity of these primers. The potential utility of this technique for detecting the presence of D. immitis in field populations of mosquitoes is discussed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The prevalence of Dirofilaria spp. can be over-estimated if other filarial species are present and misidentified.
“Thus, the prevalence of Dirofilaria spp. can be over-estimated if other filarial species are present and misidentified [13, 14]”
From Molecular characterization of Dirofilaria spp. circulating in Portugal (2017) · cites this paper as [13]
Cites
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E., & Maniatis, T. (1989) · UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud · Cited by 133,589 · see citing works
Meredith, S. E. O., Landó, G., Gbakima, A. A., et al. (1991) · Experimental Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0014-4894(91)90105-6 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANINE HEARTWORM INFECTION
Grieve, R. B., Lok, J. B., & Glickman, L. T. (1983) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036260 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Poole, C. B., Grandea, A. G., Maina, C. V., et al. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.13.5986 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Detection of amplified Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in mosquitoes with a nonradioactive probe
Dissanayake, S., Min, X., & Piessens, W. F. (1991) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0166-6851(91)90026-3 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A field technique for the recovery and preservation of infective filarial larvae from their vectors
Muller, R. L., & Denham, D. A. (1974) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/0035-9203(74)90227-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Records of mosquito-parasitic mermithid nematodes in the northcentral United States.
Blackmore, M. S., Berry, R. L., Foster, W. A., et al. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Polymerase chain reaction—identification of <i>Dirofilaria repens</i> and <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>
Favia, G., Lanfrancotti, A., Torre, A. D., Cancrini, G., & Coluzzi, M. (1996) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182000067615 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Mar, P.-H., Yang, I.-C., Chang, G.-N., & Fei, A. C.-Y. (2002) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00032-8 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Tahir, D., Bittar, F., Barré-Cardi, H., Sow, D., Dahmani, M., Mediannikov, O., Raoult, D., Davoust, B., & Parola, P. (2017) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.01.002 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Molecular characterization of Dirofilaria spp. circulating in Portugal
Ferreira, C., Afonso, A., Calado, M., Maurício, I., Alho, A. M., Meireles, J., Madeira de Carvalho, L., & Belo, S. (2017) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2180-y · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Rossi, M. I. D., Paiva, J., Bendas, A., Mendes-de-Almeida, F., Knackfuss, F., Miranda, M., Guerrero, J., Fernandes, O., & Labarthe, N. (2010) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.07.019 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Santa-Ana, M., Khadem, M., & Capela, R. (2006) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0104:nioctd]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
- Authors
- Scoles, G. A., & Kambhampati, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Notre Dame (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kambhampati, Srinivas
- ORCID
- Scoles, Glen A.
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Entomology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995-11-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 864-869
- ISSN
- 0022-2585 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-2928
- OpenAlex
- W2327875870
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Entomology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vector Institute
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (5 T32 AI-07030, AI-02753, T32AI007030)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Keywords
- Dirofilaria immitis, canine heartworm disease, filarioid nematodes, mosquito vectors, third-stage larvae, surface antigen gene, PCR detection, primer specificity, dogs, vector surveillance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Dirofilaria immitis, Dogs, Female, Molecular Sequence Data, Culicidae, Sensitivity and Specificity, Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA Primers, DNA, Helminth
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
