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Cited by 14Iron Metabolism and DisordersCardiovascular and exercise physiologyExercise and Physiological Responses

Increasing Iron Status through Dietary Supplementation in Iron-Depleted, Sedentary Women Increases Endurance Performance at Both Near-Maximal and Submaximal Exercise Intensities

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Pompano, Laura M, Haas, Jere D·2019·The Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/jn/nxy271
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency persists as the most common micronutrient deficiency globally, despite having known detrimental effects on physical performance. Although iron supplementation and aerobic exercise have been examined individually and are known to improve physical performance, the impact of simultaneous iron supplementation and aerobic training remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the individual and combined effects of iron supplementation and aerobic training on improving maximal and submaximal physical performance in iron-depleted, nonanemic (IDNA) women. We hypothesized that women receiving iron would improve their endurance performance but not their estimated maximal oxygen consumption (eVO2max). METHODS: Seventy-three sedentary, previously untrained IDNA (serum ferritin <25 µg/L and hemoglobin >110 g/L) women aged 18-26 y with a body mass index (kg/m2) of 17-25 participated in a double-blind, 8-wk, randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design including iron supplementation (42 mg elemental Fe/d) or placebo and aerobic exercise training (5 d/wk for 25 min at 75-85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate) or no training. Linear models were used to examine relations between training, supplement, and changes in the primary outcomes of observed maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and eVO2max and ventilatory threshold (absolute oxygen consumption and percentage of maximum). Re-evaluation of a published meta-analysis was used to compare effects of iron supplementation on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and VO2peak. RESULTS: There were significant training-by-supplement interactions for VO2peak, volume of oxygen consumption at the ventilatory threshold, and the percentage of eVO2max where the threshold occurred, with the iron-untrained group performing better than the placebo-untrained group. There was no beneficial effect of iron supplementation for VO2max (mean difference: 0.53; 95% CI: -0.75, 1.81; P = 0.42), but a significant benefit was observed for VO2peak (mean difference: 1.87; 95% CI: 0.15, 3.60; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Iron supplementation increases endurance performance at submaximal and maximal (VO2peak) exercise intensities in IDNA women. However, increasing iron status does not increase eVO2max. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03002090.

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  • Iron supplementation improves maximal and submaximal exercise performance and VO2max in nonanemic iron-deficient individuals and athletes.

    “However, a meta-analysis gathering data from 15 studies carried out in endurance athletes found a moderate but significant favorable effect on VO2max of iron intervention (oral iron in most studies, with dosages varying from 10 to 300 mg/day and for durations ranging from 14 to 84 days).”

    From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [133]

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's Health-Related Physical Fitness Assessment Manual [Internet]. 5th ed. Wolters Kluwer: Philadelphia, PA; 2017. Accessed 01/12/2018 Available from: https://shop.lww.com/ACSM-s-Health-Related-Physical-Fitness-Asse ssment/p/9781496338808.
  2. Ekblom-Bak E, Björkman F, Hellenius M-L, Ekblom B. A new submaximal cycle ergometer test for prediction of VO 2 max. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014;24:319-26.
  3. Herdy AH, Uhlendorf D. Reference values for cardiopulmonary exercise testing for sedentary and active men and women. Arq Bras Cardiol 2011;96:54-9.

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Authors
Pompano, L. M., & Haas, J. D.
Affiliations
Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author
Pompano, Laura M
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-02
Volume
149
Issue
2
Pages
231-239
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/jn/nxy271
OpenAlex
W2909533743
Cited by
14
References
44
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 1
FWCI
1.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Fulbright US Student Fellowships
  • Cornell Lehman Fund for Scholarly Exchange
  • Cornell Human Ecology Alumni Association
  • Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Alumni Association
  • Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
iron deficiency anemia, iron supplementation, aerobic exercise training, endurance performance, peak oxygen uptake, VO2max, ventilatory threshold, women, sedentary women, serum ferritin, exercise intensity, untrained women, micronutrient deficiency, physical performance, exercise frequency, exercise training intensity, training volume
MeSH terms
Iron Deficiencies, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Iron, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Exercise, Dietary Supplements, Young Adult

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