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Effects of Transparency on the Perceived Trustworthiness of a Government Organization: Evidence from an Online Experiment

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Grimmelikhuijsen, Stephan G., Meijer, Albert J.·2014·Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory

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Abstract

Although the effect of government transparency on trust is heavily debated, our theoretical and empirical understanding of this relationship is still limited. The basic assumption tested in this article is whether transparency leads to higher levels of perceived trustworthiness. This article uses theories from social psychology to advance our understanding of the effects and mechanism of the relationship between transparency and the perceived trustworthiness of a government organization. Based on these theories, we propose two alternative hypotheses: (1) the general predisposition to trust government, and (2) prior knowledge about the specific issue moderates the relationship between transparency and trust. These assumptions are tested by online experimental research, which demonstrates that these factors indeed affect the relationship between transparency and perceived trustworthiness: changes in perceived competence occur mainly in the group of citizens with high trust and little knowledge, whereas changes in perceived benevolence occur predominantly in the group of citizens with low knowledge and low trust. These findings highlight that prior knowledge and general predisposition to trust should be incorporated in our theoretical models of the relationship between transparency and perceived trustworthiness.

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“However, transparency and accountability intimidate public servants because they can result in delegitimization, and make it dif ﬁ cult for them to deny blame (Grimmelikhuijsen & Meijer, 2012; Hood, 2009; Roberts, 2009; Worthy, 2015).”
The influence of transparency, anthropomorphism, and positive politeness on chatbots for service recovery in E-health applications
Hadi, Z. ‘., Siregar, D. A., Wijaya, G. S. T., Handayani, P. W., & Harahap, N. C. (2024) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2024.2415534 · Cited by 7
“…availability of information about an organization that enables exter-nal actors to monitor the internal work or performance of that organization (Grimmelikhuijsen & Meijer, 2014). transparency allows individuals and groups outside an organization to monitor organizational activities and…”
Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on the transparency and rationality of Peruvian public works: perceptions, expectations, challenges and opportunities
Miranda-Hospinal, O., Villodre, J., Valle-Cruz, D., & Sánchez, K. A. (2024) · Transforming Government People Process and Policy · doi:10.1108/tg-07-2024-0167 · Cited by 5
Financial Accountability, Trust, and Property Tax Compliance: Experiences from Sub-Saharan Africa
Dzagah, K. K., Krah, R. Y., & Tetteh, L. A. (2025) · International Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/01900692.2025.2466660 · Cited by 5
Do Justifications Affect Tolerance for Administrative Burdens? Evidence From a Survey Experiment Among Policymakers
Halling, A., & de Walle, S. V. (2025) · Social Policy and Administration · doi:10.1111/spol.13137 · Cited by 4
Comment on paper ‘Transparency and trust in the European pharmaceutical sector’
Meijer, A. J. (2014) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2014.923030 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Transparency and Performance in the Italian Large Municipalities
Galli, E., Rizzo, I., & Scaglioni, C. (2018) · ECONOMIA PUBBLICA · doi:10.3280/ep2018-002001 · Cited by 4
Online Fiscal Transparency of US State Governments: An Analysis Using Public Value Framework
Ganapati, S., Purón-Cid, G., & Reddick, C. G. (2019) · Public administration and information technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14446-3_3 · Cited by 9
Nghiên cứu các nhân tố tác động đến việc áp dụng kế toán dồn tích hướng đến tính minh bạch thông tin kế toán của các đơn vị hành chính sự nghiệp ở Việt Nam
Yen, L. T. M., & Tuấn, P. Đ. (2021) · TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC ĐẠI HỌC MỞ THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH - KINH TẾ VÀ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH · doi:10.46223/hcmcoujs.econ.vi.15.3.591.2020 · Cited by 4
Perceived trustworthiness of artificial intelligence implementation in Indonesia public sector services: Gen Z and Millennial perspectives
Maulana, A. O., Herfanda, G. C., & Hasan, F. (2022) · Jurnal Akuntansi & Auditing Indonesia · doi:10.20885/jaai.vol26.iss1.art7 · Cited by 4
“Public trust in government is also important in supporting policies created by the government (Grimmelikhuijsen & Meijer, 2014).”
Background
Understanding freedom of information requests: predictors of request for public information to municipalities in Chile
Bonivento, J. A. H., & Moller, F. (2024) · Local Government Studies · doi:10.1080/03003930.2024.2337656 · Cited by 4
“…and increase gubernatorial approval ratings (Alt, Lassen, and Skilling 2002), there is evidence that more information does not necessarily improves public trust in governments, as prior knowledge and general predisposition may also affect it (S. G. Grimmelikhuijsen and Meijer 2014; Worthy 2010).”
Assessing Open Government Performance through Three Public Administration Perspectives: Efficiency, Democratic Responsiveness, and Legal-rational Process
Ingrams, A. R. (2016) · Chinese Public Administration Review · doi:10.22140/cpar.v7i1.120 · Cited by 4
PUBLIC E-ADMINISTRATION: UNDERSTANDING THE PERCEPTION OF TAXES BY GENERATION Y AND GENERATION Z
Zichová, T. (2022) · doi:10.33965/es_ml2022_202202c033 · Cited by 4
“Eight predefined answers were selected based on a literature search (Grimmelikhuijsen & Meijer, 2012; Langella, C. et al., 2021; Kim and Lee, 2012; Brown, 1979; Dahlby 2002): (1) If the Czech Republic had a different current political situation.”
Method
Transparency
Ingrams, A. R. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2256-1 · Cited by 4
Understanding the public participation among disadvantaged citizens: how does dynamics of policy transparency matter?
Wang, Q., & Que, C. (2025) · Journal of Asian Public Policy · doi:10.1080/17516234.2025.2502077 · Cited by 3
“…a positive correlation between policy transparency and local public participation, as demonstrated by research spanning various countries (Diao & Ren, 2019; S. G. Grimmelikhuijsen & Meijer, 2014; Kim & Lee, 2019; Mettler & SoRelle, 2018; Roberts, 2015; Wang & Wan Wart, 2007; Welch, 2012).”
Trust in nursing home services within weak regulatory regimes: the role of information, control and participation
Pérez‐Durán, I., & Verhoest, K. (2025) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2025.2509671 · Cited by 4
“Previous research has found that the effect of transparency, defined as the provision of information by an organization (Grimmelikhuijsen 2012; Grimmelikhuijsen and Meijer 2014), on trust is moderated by the policy area (e.g. De Fine Licht 2014).”
Understanding Transparency Failures: When Sunshine Causes Sunburns
Villeneuve, J., Heide, M., & Mugellini, G. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251352638 · Cited by 3
“Previous knowledge and disposition of information recipients might have a moderating effect on transparency (Grimmelikhuijsen & Meijer, 2012).”
The Effects of Citizens’ Risk Perceptions on Voluntary Compliance with Government Policies: Protective Action Decision Model
Lee, I. G., Jeong, J., Kim, J. W., & Jeon, Y.-H. (2025) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.1080/15309576.2025.2563365 · Cited by 4
“…information to be clear, timely, and actionable, they are more likely to view the issuing authority as trustworthy, especially in crisis settings where uncertainty is high and communication is central to legitimacy (Grimmelikhuijsen & Meijer, 2014; Han et al., 2023; Siegrist et al., 2021).”
Influential
Bridging trust through institution and process: how does digital government increase citizens’ trust in local government?
Chen, X., & Jiang, H. (2025) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2025.2605469 · Cited by 6
Cui prodest ? Nudging prosocial behavior among healthcare professionals
Belle, N., & Cantarelli, P. (2024) · International Public Management Journal · doi:10.1080/10967494.2023.2294766 · Cited by 3
“…burnout and resignations among street level bureaucrats (Linos, Ruffini, and Wilcoxen 2022); improve perceptions of government trustworthiness (Grimmelikhuijsen and Meijer 2014); enhance the probability of selecting talent into government jobs (Linos and Riesch 2020); limit the delinquency on…”

Authors: Grimmelikhuijsen, S. G., & Meijer, A. J.
Affiliations: Utrecht University (NL)
ORCID: Grimmelikhuijsen, Stephan G.
Meijer, Albert J.
Venue: Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2012-11-05
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Pages: 137-157
ISSN: 1053-1858 (ISSN-L)
1477-9803
DOI: 10.1093/jopart/mus048
OpenAlex: W2137678636
Cited by: 678
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 146 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 7
FWCI: 78.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
dspace.library.uu.nl
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (publishedVersion, public-domain)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › E-Government and Public Services
Social Sciences › Public Administration › Public Policy and Administration Research
Social Sciences › Law › Administrative Law and Governance
Keywords: government transparency, perceived trustworthiness, public trust in government, perceived competence, perceived benevolence, prior knowledge, public trust, government organizations

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Effects of Transparency on the Perceived Trustworthiness of a Government Organization: Evidence from an Online Experiment

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