The DOI matches its Crossref record; 199 of the 199 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The E-MOSAICS project: simulating the formation and co-evolution of galaxies and their star cluster populations
Open accessAbstract
We introduce the MOdelling Star cluster population Assembly In Cosmological Simulations within EAGLE (E-MOSAICS) project. E-MOSAICS incorporates models describing the formation, evolution, and disruption of star clusters into the EAGLE galaxy formation simulations, enabling the examination of the co-evolution of star clusters and their host galaxies in a fully cosmological context. A fraction of the star formation rate of dense gas is assumed to yield a cluster population; this fraction and the population's initial properties are governed by the physical properties of the natal gas. The subsequent evolution and disruption of the entire cluster population are followed accounting for two-body relaxation, stellar evolution, and gravitational shocks induced by the local tidal field. This introductory paper presents a detailed description of the model and initial results from a suite of 10 simulations of ∼L⋆ galaxies with disc-like morphologies at z = 0. The simulations broadly reproduce key observed characteristics of young star clusters and globular clusters (GCs), without invoking separate formation mechanisms for each population. The simulated GCs are the surviving population of massive clusters formed at early epochs (z ≳ 1–2), when the characteristic pressures and surface densities of star-forming gas were significantly higher than observed in local galaxies. We examine the influence of the star formation and assembly histories of galaxies on their cluster populations, finding that (at similar present-day mass) earlier-forming galaxies foster a more massive and disruption-resilient cluster population, while galaxies with late mergers are capable of forming massive clusters even at late cosmic epochs. We find that the phenomenological treatment of interstellar gas in EAGLE precludes the accurate modelling of cluster disruption in low-density environments, but infer that simulations incorporating an explicitly modelled cold interstellar gas phase will overcome this shortcoming.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Because these simulations simultaneously reproduce young and old stellar cluster populations with a single, environmentally dependent cluster formation and disruption model, they enable linking the properties of the cluster population to the assembly history of the host galaxy.”
From Kraken reveals itself – the merger history of the Milky Way reconstructed with the E-MOSAICS simulations (2020) · cites this paper as Pfeffer et al. 2018
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Because E-MOSAICS overpredicts the number of GCs at masses much smaller than M 10 5 M due to underdisruption (Pfe er et al. 2018; Kruijssen et al. 2019a), we only consider GCs with z = 0 masses of M > 5 10 4 M .”
From Kraken reveals itself – the merger history of the Milky Way reconstructed with the E-MOSAICS simulations (2020) · cites this paper as Pfeffer et al. 2018
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
Chabrier, G. (2003) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/376392 · Cited by 9,071
STAR FORMATION IN GALAXIES ALONG THE HUBBLE SEQUENCE
Kennicutt, R. C. (1998) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.189 · Cited by 6,578
The cosmological simulation code gadget-2
Springel, V. (2005) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09655.x · Cited by 6,368
A Catalog of Parameters for Globular Clusters in the Milky Way
Harris, W. E. (1996) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/118116 · Cited by 4,500
Galactic Dynamics: Second Edition
Binney, J., & Tremaine, S. (2008) · doi:10.1515/9781400828722 · Cited by 4,375 · cited 3×
“Typically√ 2σ (rc)/vc ≈ 1.2, which increases the time-scale tdf by a factor ∼2 over the standard definition (with B(1) and σ = vc/ √ 2, Binney & Tremaine 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialGalactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass FunctionPreprint
Chabrier, G. (2003) · Cited by 4,012
The cosmological simulation code GADGET-2
Petkova, M., & Springel, V. (2005) · Cited by 3,918
Star Formation in Galaxies Along the Hubble Sequence
Kennicutt, R. C., & Words, K. (1998) · Cited by 3,712
The EAGLE project: simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
Schaye, J., Crain, R. A., Bower, R. G., Furlong, M., Schaller, M., Theuns, T., Dalla Vecchia, C., Frenk, C. S., McCarthy, I. G., Helly, J. C., et al. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2058 · Cited by 3,601
Self-citationThe evolution of large-scale structure in a universe dominated by cold dark matter
Davis, M., Efstathiou, G., Frenk, C. S., & White, S. D. M. (1985) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/163168 · Cited by 3,397
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- Baumgardt, 1998, A&A, 330, 480
- Forbes, 2000, A&A, 358, 471
- Georgiev, 2010, MNRAS, 406, 1967
- Griffen, 2010, MNRAS, 405, 375
- Kaviraj, 2017, MNRAS, 467, 4739
- Lamers, 2017, A&A, A85
- Longmore, 2014, Protostars Planets VI, 914, 291
- Portinari, 1998, A&A, 334, 505
- Rahmati, 2015, MNRAS, 2034
- Sormani, 2017, MNRAS, 407
- Turner, 2017, MNRAS, 690
- Wendland, 1995, Adv. Comput. Math, 01
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 243
What Are Those Tiny Things? A First Study of Compact Star Clusters in the SMACS0723 Field with JWST
Faisst, A. L., Chary, R., Brammer, G., & Toft, S. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aca1bf · Cited by 24
The Black Hole Mass Function Across Cosmic Times. I. Stellar Black Holes and Light Seed Distribution
Sicilia, A., Lapi, A., Boco, L., Spera, M., Carlo, U. N. D., Mapelli, M., Shankar, F., Alexander, D., Bressan, A., & Danese, L. (2021) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac34fb · Cited by 25
Villaume, A., Romanowsky, A. J., Brodie, J., & Strader, J. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab24d7 · Cited by 23
Linden, S. T., Evans, A. S., Larson, K. L., Privon, G. C., Armus, L., Rich, J. A., Díaz-Santos, T., Murphy, E. J., Song, Y., Barcos-Muñoz, L., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2892 · Cited by 23
Saifollahi, T., Janz, J., Peletier, R. F., Cantiello, M., Hilker, M., Mieske, S., Valentijn, E. A., Venhola, A., & Kleijn, G. V. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1118 · Cited by 22
The ages and metallicities of the globular clusters in the Sparkler
Adamo, A., Usher, C., Pfeffer, J., & Claeyssens, A. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slad084 · Cited by 24
Self-citationThe evolution of the UV luminosity function of globular clusters in the E-MOSAICS simulations
Pfeffer, J., Bastian, N., Crain, R. A., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Hughes, M. E., & Reina-Campos, M. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1592 · Cited by 21
Self-citationGravitational waves from the remnants of the first stars in nuclear star clusters
Liu, B., & Bromm, V. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2028 · Cited by 21
Reina-Campos, M., Trujillo-Gomez, S., Pfeffer, J., Sills, A., Deason, A. J., Crain, R. A., & Kruijssen, J. M. D. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad920 · Cited by 21
Self-citationFormation imprints in the kinematics of the Milky Way globular cluster system
Piatti, A. E. (2019) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 21
Estimating the Milky Way's Mass via Hierarchical Bayes: A Blind Test on MUGS2 Simulated Galaxies
Eadie, G., Keller, B., & Harris, W. E. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadb95 · Cited by 20
Angelo, M. S., Santos, J. F. C., Jr., Maia, F. F. S., & Corradi, W. J. B. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1038 · Cited by 20
Is there a fundamental upper limit to the mass of a star cluster?
Norris, M. A., van de Ven, G., Kannappan, S. J., Schinnerer, E., & Leaman, R. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2096 · Cited by 20
On the origin of globular clusters in a hierarchical universe
Lucia, G. D., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Trujillo-Gomez, S., Hirschmann, M., & Xie, L. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1006 · Cited by 19
Self-citationLiu, B., Hartwig, T., Sartorio, N. S., Dvorkin, I., Costa, G., Santoliquido, F., Fialkov, A., Klessen, R. S., & Bromm, V. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2120 · Cited by 19
Structure and stability of high-redshift galaxies in cosmological simulations
Meng, X. M., Gnedin, O. Y., & Li, H. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz925 · Cited by 19
Johnson, C. I., Caldwell, N., Rich, R. M., Mateo, M. L., & Bailey, J. I. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz587 · Cited by 19
The Globular Cluster Origin of the Milky Way Outer Bulge: Evidence from Sodium Bimodality
Lee, Y., Kim, J., Johnson, C. I., Chung, C., Jang, S., Lim, D., & Kang, Y. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab22bc · Cited by 18
The survival of globular clusters in a cuspy Fornax
Shao, S., Cautun, M., Frenk, C. S., Reina-Campos, M., Deason, A. J., Crain, R. A., Kruijssen, J. M. D., & Pfeffer, J. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2285 · Cited by 19
Self-citationOn the initial mass–radius relation of stellar clusters
Choksi, N., & Kruijssen, J. M. D. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2514 · Cited by 19
Self-citationGieles, M., Padoan, P., Charbonnel, C., Vink, J. S., & Ramírez-Galeano, L. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1314 · Cited by 31
Catalogue of model star clusters in the Milky Way and M31 galaxies
Chen, Y., & Gnedin, O. Y. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3345 · Cited by 18
Mason, A., Crain, R. A., Schiavon, R. P., Weinberg, D. H., Pfeffer, J., Schaye, J., Schaller, M., & Theuns, T. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1743 · Cited by 21
Self-citationThe globular cluster system of the Auriga simulations
Halbesma, T., Grand, R. J. J., Gómez, F. A., Marinacci, F., Pakmor, R., Trick, W. H., Busch, P., & White, S. D. M. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1380 · Cited by 18
A general-purpose time-step criterion for simulations with gravity
Grudić, M. Y., & Hopkins, P. F. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1453 · Cited by 17
Modelling globular clusters in the TNG50 simulation: predictions from dwarfs to giant galaxies
Doppel, J. E., Sales, L. V., Nelson, D., Pillepich, A., Abadi, M. G., Peng, E. W., Marinacci, F., Naiman, J., Torrey, P., Vogelsberger, M., et al. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2818 · Cited by 17
Woody, T., & Schlaufman, K. C. (2021) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abff5f · Cited by 17
Tidal disruption of star clusters in galaxy formation simulations
Meng, X. M., & Gnedin, O. Y. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1751 · Cited by 16
Sameie, O., Boylan-Kolchin, M., Hopkins, P. F., Wetzel, A. R., Ma, X., Bullock, J. S., El-Badry, K., Quataert, E., Samuel, J., Schauer, A. T. P., et al. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1071 · Cited by 16
Eight more low luminosity globular clusters in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
Minniti, D., Gómez, M., Alonso-García, J., Saito, R. K., & Garro, E. R. (2021) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140714 · Cited by 16
van Donkelaar, F., Mayer, L., Capelo, P. R., Tamfal, T., Quinn, T., & Madau, P. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad946 · Cited by 15
Abundance ties: Nephele and the globular cluster population accreted with ω Cen
Pagnini, G., Matteo, P. D., Haywood, M., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Renaud, F., Mondelin, M., Agertz, O., Bianchini, P., Casamiquela, L., Александрович, Х. С., et al. (2024) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450264 · Cited by 15
Why do some ultra diffuse Galaxies have rich globular cluster systems?
Forbes, D. A., Buzzo, M. L., Ferré-Mateu, A., Romanowsky, A. J., Gannon, J. S., Brodie, J. P., & Collins, M. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2675 · Cited by 15
Mukherjee, D., Zhou, Y., Chen, N., Carlo, U. N. D., & Matteo, T. D. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adb1b0 · Cited by 15
Piatti, A. E., Angelo, M. S., & Dias, W. S. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2050 · Cited by 15
McKenzie, M., & Bekki, K. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2171 · Cited by 15
Globular cluster metallicity distributions in the E-MOSAICS simulations
Pfeffer, J., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Bastian, N., Crain, R. A., & Trujillo-Gomez, S. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad044 · Cited by 15
Self-citationGaia-IGRINS synergy: Orbits of newly identified Milky Way star clusters
Garro, E. R., Fernández-Trincado, J. G., Minniti, D., Moya, W. H., Palma, T., Beers, T. C., Placco, V. M., Barbuy, B., Sneden, C. A., Alves-Brito, A., et al. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245119 · Cited by 14
Globular cluster systems of relic galaxies
Álamo-Martínez, K., Chies-Santos, A. L., Beasley, M. A., Flores-Freitas, R., Furlanetto, C., Trevisan, M., Schnorr-Müller, A., Leaman, R., & Bonatto, C. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab538 · Cited by 14
Testing feedback from star clusters in simulations of the Milky Way formation
Brown, G., & Gnedin, O. Y. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1164 · Cited by 14
Rubin Observatory LSST Stars Milky Way and Local Volume Star Clusters Roadmap
Usher, C., Dage, K. C., Girardi, L., Barmby, P., Bonatto, C., Chies-Santos, A. L., Clarkson, W. I., Gómez, M., Hartmann, E. A., Ferguson, A. M. N., et al. (2023) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ace3f7 · Cited by 14
A Gemini/GMOS study of the bright elliptical galaxy NGC 3613 and its globular cluster system
Bórtoli, B. J. D., Bassino, L. P., Caso, J. P., & Ennis, A. I. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa086 · Cited by 14
The contribution of globular clusters to cosmic reionization
Ma, X., Quataert, E., Wetzel, A. R., Faucher‐Giguère, C., & Boylan-Kolchin, M. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1132 · Cited by 14
Measuring M31 globular cluster ages and metallicities using both photometry and spectroscopy
Usher, C., Caldwell, N., & Cabrera-Ziri, I. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae282 · Cited by 17
H i discs of L* galaxies as probes of the baryonic physics of galaxy evolution
Gensior, J., Feldmann, R., Reina-Campos, M., Trujillo-Gomez, S., Mayer, L., Keller, B., Wetzel, A. R., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Hopkins, P. F., & Moreno, J. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1217 · Cited by 17
Self-citationComparing Globular Cluster System Properties with Host Galaxy Environment*
Hartman, K., Harris, W. E., Blakeslee, J. P., Ma, C., & Greene, J. E. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace340 · Cited by 12
Pfeffer, J., Janssens, S. R., Buzzo, M. L., Gannon, J. S., Bastian, N., Bekki, K., Brodie, J. P., Couch, W. J., Crain, R. A., Forbes, D. A., et al. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae850 · Cited by 12
Self-citationExploring the dynamical state of Galactic open clusters using Gaia DR3 and observational parameters
Angelo, M. S., Santos, J. F. C., Jr., Corradi, W. J. B., & Maia, F. F. S. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf584 · Cited by 11
JWST Photometry of Globular Clusters in A2744. II. Luminosity and Color Distributions
Harris, W. E., & Reina-Campos, M. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad583c · Cited by 11
Spatially Resolving the Star Formation Histories of Three Nearby Nuclear Star Clusters
Hannah, C. H., Seth, A. C., Nguyen, D. D., Dumont, A., Kacharov, N., Neumayer, N., & den Brok, M. (2021) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac282e · Cited by 11
Linden, S. T., Pérez, G., Calzetti, D., Maji, S., Messa, M., Whitmore, B., Chandar, R., Adamo, A., Grasha, K., Cook, D., et al. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c07 · Cited by 10
Bruel, T., Rodriguez, C. L., Lamberts, A., Grudić, M. Y., Hafen, Z., & Feldmann, R. (2024) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348716 · Cited by 10
Valenzuela, L. M., Remus, R., McKenzie, M., & Forbes, D. A. (2024) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348010 · Cited by 10
The formation of globular clusters
Kruijssen, J. M. D. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21439-4.00078-x · Cited by 10
Self-citationCodazzo, E., Giovanni, M. D., Harms, J., Dall’Amico, M., & Mapelli, M. (2023) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.107.023023 · Cited by 9
A two-phase model of galaxy formation: III. The formation of globular clusters
Chen, Y., Mo, H. J., & Wang, H. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf791 · Cited by 9
Mass Distribution of Binary Black Hole Mergers from Young and Old Dense Star Clusters
Ye, C. S., Fishbach, M., Kremer, K., & Reina-Campos, M. (2026) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae317f · Cited by 9
Globular cluster formation from colliding substructure
Madau, P., Lupi, A., Diemand, J., Burkert, A., & Lin, D. (2020) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) · Cited by 9
Varri, A. L., Cai, M. X., Concha-Ramírez, F., Dinnbier, F., Lützgendorf, N., Pavlík, V., Rastello, S., Sollima, A., Wang, L., & Zocchi, A. (2018) · Computational Astrophysics and Cosmology · doi:10.1186/s40668-018-0024-6 · Cited by 9
Ennis, A. I., Bassino, L. P., Caso, J. P., & Bórtoli, B. J. D. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1660 · Cited by 9
The physics governing the upper truncation mass of the globular cluster mass function
Hughes, M. E., Pfeffer, J., Bastian, N., Martig, M., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Crain, R. A., Reina-Campos, M., & Trujillo-Gomez, S. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3597 · Cited by 9
Self-citationValenzuela, L. M., Forbes, D. A., & Remus, R. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf015 · Cited by 8
Reconstructing the genesis of a globular cluster system at a look-back time of 9.1 Gyr with the JWST
Forbes, D. A., & Romanowsky, A. J. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slac162 · Cited by 8
Trujillo-Gomez, S., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Pfeffer, J., Reina-Campos, M., Crain, R. A., Bastian, N., & Cabrera-Ziri, I. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3165 · Cited by 11
Self-citationGlobular Cluster Counts around 700 Nearby Galaxies
Le, M. N., & Cooper, A. P. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad932d · Cited by 8
Hughes, M. E., Jethwa, P., Hilker, M., van de Ven, G., Martig, M., Pfeffer, J., Bastian, N., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Trujillo-Gomez, S., Reina-Campos, M., et al. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab196 · Cited by 8
Self-citationThe escape of globular clusters from the satellite dwarf galaxies of the Milky Way
Rostami-Shirazi, A., Haghi, H., Khalaj, P., Asl, A. F., & Zonoozi, A. H. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1070 · Cited by 8
Ko, Y., Peng, E. W., Côté, P., Ferrarese, L., Liu, C., Longobardi, A., Lançon, A., Muñoz, R. P., Puzia, T. H., Álamo-Martínez, K., et al. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac63cf · Cited by 8
Williams, B., Walker, D. L., Longmore, S. N., Barnes, A. T., Battersby, C., Garay, G., Ginsburg, A. G., Gómez, L., Henshaw, J. D., Ho, L. C., et al. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1378 · Cited by 8
Self-citationOman, K. A., Frenk, C. S., Crain, R. A., Lovell, M. R., & Pfeffer, J. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1772 · Cited by 8
Self-citationEight more low luminosity globular clusters in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
Minniti, D., Gómez, M., Alonso-García, J., Saito, R. K., & Garro, E. R. (2021) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140714/pdf · Cited by 8
Bailin, J., & von Klar, R. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac347d · Cited by 8
Dib, S., Kravtsov, V. V., Haghi, H., Zonoozi, A. H., & Belinchón, J. A. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243556 · Cited by 8
Sameer, S., Lehner, N., Howk, J. C., Fox, A. J., O’Meara, J. M., & Oppenheimer, B. D. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad7af2 · Cited by 7
Is Earendel a Star Cluster?: Metal-poor Globular Cluster Progenitors at z ∼ 6
Pascale, M., Dai, L., Frye, B., & Beverage, A. G. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aded93 · Cited by 7
On the response of a star cluster to a tidal perturbation
Martinez-Medina, L. A., Gieles, M., Gnedin, O. Y., & Li, H. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2225 · Cited by 7
Low-mass Globular Clusters from Stripped Dark Matter Halos
Gutcke, T. A. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad5c62 · Cited by 7
Pfeffer, J., Forbes, D. A., Romanowsky, A. J., Bastian, N., Crain, R. A., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Bekki, K., Brodie, J. P., Chevance, M., Couch, W. J., et al. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2665 · Cited by 7
Self-citation3 things they don’t tell you about star clusters
Renaud, F. (2019) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s1743921319007312 · Cited by 7
Han, D., Kimm, T., Katz, H., Devriendt, J., & Slyz, A. D. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7ff3 · Cited by 7
Where Did the Outskirts Go? Outer Stellar Halos as a Sensitive Probe of Supernova Feedback
Keller, B. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac92fe · Cited by 7
Wang, L., & Lin, D. N. C. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acac97 · Cited by 7
Initial sizes of star clusters: implications for cluster dissolution during galaxy evolution
Reina-Campos, M., Sills, A., & Bichon, G. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1879 · Cited by 7
Webb, J. J., Reina-Campos, M., & Kruijssen, J. M. D. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad7a7b · Cited by 6
Self-citationThe initial properties of young star clusters in M83
Webb, J. J., & Sills, A. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3832 · Cited by 6
Spatial Structures in the Globular Cluster Distribution of Fornax Cluster Galaxies
D’Abrusco, R., Zegeye, D., Fabbiano, G., Cantiello, M., Paolillo, M., & Zezas, A. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4be2 · Cited by 6
Bruel, T., Lamberts, A., Rodriguez, C. L., Feldmann, R., Grudić, M. Y., & Moreno, J. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554454 · Cited by 5
Newton, O., Davies, J., Pfeffer, J., Crain, R. A., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Pontzen, A., & Bastian, N. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1226 · Cited by 5
Self-citationJ-PLUS: Detecting and studying extragalactic globular clusters
Silva, D. D. B., Coelho, P., Cortesi, A., Bruzual, G. A., Gladis Magris, C., Chies-Santos, A. L., Hernández-Jiménez, J. A., Ederoclite, A., Roman, I. S., Varela, J., et al. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142402 · Cited by 5
Globular Cluster Systems and X-Ray Atmospheres in Galaxies*
Harris, G. L. H., Babyk, I. V., Harris, W. E., & McNamara, B. R. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab571d · Cited by 5
Chantereau, W., Usher, C., & Bastian, N. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1209 · Cited by 5
Self-citationDiscovery of Ancient Globular Cluster Candidates in the Relic, a Quiescent Galaxy at z = 2.5
Whitaker, K. E., Cutler, S. E., Chandar, R., Pan, R., Setton, D. J., Furtak, L. J., Bezanson, R., Labbé, I., Leja, J., Suess, K. A., et al. (2026) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae5177 · Cited by 4
Sante, A., Font, A. S., Ortega‐Martorell, S., Olier, I., & McCarthy, I. G. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1398 · Cited by 5
Formation and evolution of globular clusters in cosmological simulations
Li, H., & Gnedin, O. Y. (2019) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s1743921319007646 · Cited by 4
The building blocks of the Milky Way halo using APOGEE and Gaia or Is the Galaxy a typical galaxy?
Schiavon, R. P., Mackereth, J. T., Pfeffer, J., Crain, R. A., & Bovy, J. (2019) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s1743921319007889 · Cited by 4
Self-citationPagnini, G., Matteo, P. D., Haywood, M., Bianchini, P., Ferrone, S. M., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Agertz, O., Александрович, Х. С., Renaud, F., & Ryde, N. (2026) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202557692 · Cited by 3
Dolfi, A., Pfeffer, J., Forbes, D. A., Couch, W. J., Bekki, K., Brodie, J. P., Romanowsky, A. J., & Kruijssen, J. M. D. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac258 · Cited by 3
Self-citationGravitational wave signals from long-lasting binary–single black hole encounters
Codazzo, E., Giovanni, M. D., & Harms, J. (2024) · The European Physical Journal Plus · doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04808-2 · Cited by 3
The impact of free-streaming on dwarf galaxy counts in low-density regions
Meshveliani, T., Lovell, M. R., Crain, R. A., & Pfeffer, J. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1519 · Cited by 3
Self-citationBerek, S. C., Eadie, G. M., Speagle, J. S., & Wang, S. Y. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad6147 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Pfeffer, J., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Crain, R. A., & Bastian, N.
- Affiliations
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Pfeffer, Joel
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-12-05
- Volume
- 475
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 4309-4346
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W2773772132
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 199
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 13.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
- Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- European Research Council (ERC-CoG-646928-Multi-Pop)
- DFG (KR4801/1-1, PI Kruijssen)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- star cluster populations, globular clusters, star cluster disruption, galaxy co-evolution, EAGLE simulation, cosmological hydrodynamics, two-body relaxation, tidal field, stellar evolution, galaxy assembly history, star formation rate, disk galaxies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
