Use of RDA analysis of knockout mice to identify myeloid genes regulated in vivo by PU.1 and C/EBP
Open accessAbstract
PU.1 and C/EBPalpha are transcription factors essential for normal myeloid development. Loss-of-function mutation of PU.1 leads to an absolute block in monocyte/macrophage development and abnormal granulocytic development while that of C/EBPalpha causes a selective block in neutrophilic differentiation. In order to understand these phenotypes, we studied the role of PU.1 and C/EBPalpha in the regulation of myeloid target genes in vivo . Northern blot analysis revealed that mRNAs encoding receptors for M-CSF, G-CSF and GM-CSF, were expressed at low levels in PU.1(-/-) fetal liver compared with wild type. To identify additional myeloid genes regulated by PU.1 and C/EBPalpha, we performed representational difference analysis (RDA), a PCR-based subtractive hybridization using fetal livers from wild type and PU.1 or C/EBPalpha knockout mice. By introducing a new modification of RDA, that of tissue-specific gene suppression, we could selectively identify a set of differentially expressed genes specific to myeloid cells. Differentially expressed genes included both primary and secondary granule protein genes. In addition, eight novel genes were identified that were upregulated in expression during myeloid differentiation. These methods provide a general strategy for elucidating the genes affected in murine knockout models.
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PU.1-deficient hematopoietic cells display minimal expression of G-CSF and GM-CSF receptors and no detectable M-CSF receptors.
“PU.1-deficient hematopoietic cells display minimal expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptors and no detectable M-CSF receptors (11,12).”
From c-Jun Is a JNK-independent Coactivator of the PU.1 Transcription Factor (1999) · cites this paper as [12]
The ‘mRNA expression of myeloid CSF receptors in mutant mice’ section reports markedly decreased G-CSF receptor mRNA and GM-CSF receptor mRNA undetectable by northern blot in PU.1-deficient fetal liver, although GM-CSF receptor mRNA had been detected by RT-PCR. Contrary to the claim’s last part, it reports that M-CSF receptor mRNA was decreased but detectable. The Discussion likewise says M-CSF and G-CSF receptors remained expressed at low levels. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredc-Jun and the regulation of the M-CSF receptor by PU.1 both play important roles in the development of the monocytic lineage.
“The transcription factor c-Jun (20 -24) and the regulation of the M-CSF receptor by the transcription factor PU.1 (11,12,55) both play important roles in the development of the monocytic lineage.”
From c-Jun Is a JNK-independent Coactivator of the PU.1 Transcription Factor (1999) · cites this paper as [12]
The Introduction says PU.1 regulates the M-CSF receptor promoter, and the receptor-expression section reports markedly decreased M-CSF receptor mRNA in PU.1-deficient fetal liver. But the Discussion says the role of myeloid CSF receptors in the developmental defects remains to be defined, so this paper does not establish that PU.1’s regulation of the receptor plays an important role in monocytic development. The c-Jun clause has separate citations and is not assessed against this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Iwama, A., Zhang, P., Darlington, G. J., McKercher, S. R., Maki, R., & Tenen, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tenen, D. G.
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-06-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3034-3043
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC147647
- OpenAlex
- W1977354830
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Research Foundation for Clinical Pharmacology
- Rural Development Administration
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ai030656-08)
- National Cancer Institute (CA 41456, R01CA041456)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI30656)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK048660, DK48660)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Keywords
- PU.1, C/EBPα, myeloid development, transcription factors, knockout mice, representational difference analysis, fetal liver, granulocytic differentiation, M-CSF receptor, G-CSF receptor, GM-CSF receptor, granule proteins
- MeSH terms
- Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1, Animals, Cell Line, Transformed, Cloning, Molecular, Cytoplasmic Granules, DNA-Binding Proteins, Fetus, Genes, Liver, Molecular Sequence Data, Nuclear Proteins, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Transcription Factors, Trans-Activators, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor, Mice, Knockout, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Leukopoiesis, CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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