The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
SuperTarget and Matador: resources for exploring drug-target relationships
Open accessAbstract
The molecular basis of drug action is often not well understood. This is partly because the very abundant and diverse information generated in the past decades on drugs is hidden in millions of medical articles or textbooks. Therefore, we developed a one-stop data warehouse, SuperTarget that integrates drug-related information about medical indication areas, adverse drug effects, drug metabolization, pathways and Gene Ontology terms of the target proteins. An easy-to-use query interface enables the user to pose complex queries, for example to find drugs that target a certain pathway, interacting drugs that are metabolized by the same cytochrome P450 or drugs that target the same protein but are metabolized by different enzymes. Furthermore, we provide tools for 2D drug screening and sequence comparison of the targets. The database contains more than 2500 target proteins, which are annotated with about 7300 relations to 1500 drugs; the vast majority of entries have pointers to the respective literature source. A subset of these drugs has been annotated with additional binding information and indirect interactions and is available as a separate resource called Matador. SuperTarget and Matador are available at http://insilico.charite.de/supertarget and http://matador.embl.de.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This analysis identified 10 drug annotations with FDR < 0.05 including four drugs that are either estrogen receptor agonists (diethylstilbestrol, Implanon [etonogestril implant]), or anti-estrogens (tamoxifen and raloxifene); in addition to nicotine, cocaine, cyclothiazide, felbamate, and riluzole.”
From Bi-ancestral depression GWAS in the Million Veteran Program and meta-analysis in >1.2 million individuals highlight new therapeutic directions (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration
Wishart, D. S. (2006) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkj067 · Cited by 3,892 · cited 4×
“In a last step, relations from other databases, namely DrugBank (3), KEGG (9), PDB (10), SuperLigands (11) and TTD (4), were checked for drug-target interactions not identified with the preceding steps.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Universal Protein Resource (UniProt)
Bairoch, A. (2004) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gki070 · Cited by 3,774
From genomics to chemical genomics: new developments in KEGG
Kanehisa, M. I. (2005) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkj102 · Cited by 3,126 · cited 2×
“Proven or potential target proteins are represented by sequences as stored in UniProt (12), by functional annotations extracted from GOA (13) and by related pathway information provided by KEGG (9) (compare Figure 1).”
Backgroundvon Mering, C. (2004) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gki005 · Cited by 1,768 · cited 2×
“The most probable candidates were identified using a benchmarking scheme ( 8 ) and manually curated.”
MethodThe Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) Database: sharing knowledge in Uniprot with Gene Ontology
Camon, E. B. (2003) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkh021 · Cited by 927 · cited 1×
“Proven or potential target proteins are represented by sequences as stored in UniProt (12), by functional annotations extracted from GOA (13) and by related pathway information provided by KEGG (9) (compare Figure 1).”
BackgroundDrugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets
Imming, P., Sinning, C., & Meyer, A. (2006) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2132 · Cited by 850 · cited 1×
“For some drugs even the primary targets are still unknown, for example, Diloxanide, Niclosamide and Ambroxol are administered successfully although their effect on human metabolism is still not clarified at a molecular level (1).”
BackgroundDo Structurally Similar Molecules Have Similar Biological Activity?
Martin, Y. C., Kofron, J. L., & Traphagen, L. M. (2002) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm020155c · Cited by 806 · cited 1×
“Since compounds with high structural similarity frequently exhibit similar activities (14), all drugs with comparable structural fingerprints are made accessible.”
BackgroundTTD: Therapeutic Target Database
Chen, X. (2002) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/30.1.412 · Cited by 723 · cited 4×
“Another notable database is the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) (4), which holds target information on about 1000 small molecule drugs.”
BackgroundInfluentialLiterature mining for the biologist: from information retrieval to biological discovery
Jensen, L. J., Šarić, J., & Peer Bork, B. (2006) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1768 · Cited by 632 · cited 1×
“In parallel, potential drug-target relations were automatically extracted from Medline by searching for synonyms of drugs, proteins and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) describing groups of proteins (7).”
MethodSelf-citationThe Universal Protein Resource (UniProt)
The UniProt Consortium (2006) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkl929 · Cited by 572
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–651 of 651
Kumar, P., Khan, T., & Ghosh, I. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85713-0.00029-3
From big data to complex network: a navigation through the maze of drug–target interaction
Wang, Z., Li, M., Tang, M., & Hu, G. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85713-0.00016-5
DPLink: Link Prediction Method Based on Local Structure of Drug-Protein Network
Zhang, B., Li, H., & Lv, H. (2023) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-3951-0_66
MGCPI: A Multi-granularity Neural Network for Predicting Compound-Protein Interactions
Lin, P., Jiang, L., Ahmed, F. S., Ruan, X., Liu, X., & Liu, J. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-4749-2_12
Microbiome and its role in shaping planetary health
Tanwar, A. S. (2024) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20240124at
Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., & Wang, X. Y. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-70378-2_18
Drug Discovery and Drug Repositioning Using Computational Methods
Yamanishi, Y. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4828-0_9
ASAP-DTA: Predicting drug-target binding affinity with adaptive structure aware networks
Ding, W., Jiang, S., Xu, T., & Lyu, Z. (2024) · Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · doi:10.1142/s0219720024500288
TrustworthyCPI: Trustworthy Compound–Protein Interaction Prediction
Wen, C., Cai, L., Li, C., & Li, J. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1109/tcbbio.2025.3532277
“The positive samples of the datasets were collected from DrugBank 4.1 [18], Matador [19] and STITCH 4.0 [20], while the highly credible negative samples are screened by statistical tests, which detailed selection procedure can be found in [9].”
InfluentialA Review of Drug-Target Interaction Prediction Methods
Yu, J., Wang, Y., & Lou, J. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-3752-2_11
Computational Attitudes to Drug Discovery in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Nautiyal, H., Dwivedi, S., Chanda, S., & Tiwari, R. K. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394242474.ch13
Improving Drug-Target Interaction Prediction Using SVM-SMOTE: A Solution for Imbalanced Dataset
Zadeh, S. N., Satı, Z. E., & Sorkhi, A. G. (2025) · Uluslararası Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri ve Bilgisayar Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.33461/uybisbbd.1661593
Target identification and validation in drug discovery
Chakraborty, S., Ghosh, R., Rakshit, G., Singh, N. K., & Rudrapal, M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27461-9.00005-6
HIN-MTDTI: Heterogeneous Information Networks for Multitask Drug–Target Interaction Prediction
Deng, J., Yu, H., Zhang, J., Lu, M., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1109/tcbbio.2025.3603029
“2 The datasets are collected from various databases, such as DrugBank [35], KEGG BRITE [36], SuperTarget [37], and BRENDA [38].”
Duran, G. A., Kiraz, Y., & Baykara, D. (2025) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-025-03903-3
“It is a manually annotated list of relationships between protein products of such genes and chemicals (http://matador.embl.de) [32].”
GGANet: A Geometry-Enhanced Gated Attention Network for Drug-Target Interaction Prediction
Luo, H. X., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228548
“• Ion Channels dataset : Collected from DrugBank [27], KEGG BRITE [28], and Supertarget [29], containing ion channel proteins and a few drugs.”
Meta-Path-Based Probabilistic Soft Logic for Drug–Target Interaction Predictions
Zhang, S., & Sun, Y. (2025) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math13243958 · Cited by 2
Erlina, L., Paramita, R. I., Kusuma, W. A., Fadilah, F., Tedjo, A., Pratomo, I. P., Ramadhanti, N. S., Nasution, A. K., Surado, F. K., Fitriawan, A., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20430728
Wang, Y.-B., You, Z.-H., Yang, S., Yi, H., Chen, Z.-H., & Zheng, K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.11998869
Erlina, L., Paramita, R. I., Kusuma, W. A., Fadilah, F., Tedjo, A., Pratomo, I. P., Ramadhanti, N. S., Nasution, A. K., Surado, F. K., Fitriawan, A., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20430716
Erlina, L., Paramita, R. I., Kusuma, W. A., Fadilah, F., Tedjo, A., Pratomo, I. P., Ramadhanti, N. S., Nasution, A. K., Surado, F. K., Fitriawan, A., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20430731
Ren, Z.-H., You, Z.-H., Zou, Q., Yu, C., Ma, Y.-F., Guan, Y.-J., You, H.-R., Wang, X.-F., & Pan, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26564250
Lee, I., & Nam, H. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19144945
Tang, C., Zhong, C., Chen, D., & Wang, J. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12703482
Additional file 1 of Application of network link prediction in drug discovery
Abbas, K., Abbasi, A., Dong, S., Ling, N., Yu, L., Chen, B., 蔡世民, & Hasan, Q. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14404121
Erlina, L., Paramita, R. I., Kusuma, W. A., Fadilah, F., Tedjo, A., Pratomo, I. P., Ramadhanti, N. S., Nasution, A. K., Surado, F. K., Fitriawan, A., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20430725
Erlina, L., Paramita, R. I., Kusuma, W. A., Fadilah, F., Tedjo, A., Pratomo, I. P., Ramadhanti, N. S., Nasution, A. K., Surado, F. K., Fitriawan, A., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20430719
Erlina, L., Paramita, R. I., Kusuma, W. A., Fadilah, F., Tedjo, A., Pratomo, I. P., Ramadhanti, N. S., Nasution, A. K., Surado, F. K., Fitriawan, A., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20430722
Zhu, Y., Ning, C., Zhang, N., Wang, M., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26750549
Zhu, Y., Ning, C., Zhang, N., Wang, M., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26750546
Erlina, L., Paramita, R. I., Kusuma, W. A., Fadilah, F., Tedjo, A., Pratomo, I. P., Ramadhanti, N. S., Nasution, A. K., Surado, F. K., Fitriawan, A., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20430713
Ren, Z.-H., You, Z.-H., Zou, Q., Yu, C., Ma, Y.-F., Guan, Y.-J., You, H.-R., Wang, X.-F., & Pan, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26564247
DRPMKB1.0: A Comprehensive Knowledge Base for an AI-Oriented Drug Repositioning Prediction Model
Zheng, X., Bi, C., Bo, W., Zhang, Y., Song, J., Du, J., Hu, S., Feng, J., Yang, L., & Shen, B. (2025) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.5c01945
He, Y., Liu, M., Wang, H., Han, L., & Han, W. (2026) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c03431
Zadeh, S. N., Satı, Z. E., & Sorkhi, A. G. (2025) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Gut microbial-host isozymes: A novel perspective on gut microbiota-host interactions
Liu, X., Wen, C., Gu, S., Hao, Y., Xiong, Y., Chen, C., Zeng, S., & ZHANG, P. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.115226
Sohn, E. J., Jo, H., & Park, K. T. (2026) · Analytical Cellular Pathology · doi:10.1155/ancp/5577830
“Using Metascape (https://metascape.org), 218 PAM genes identi-fi ed by text mining were analyzed using DisGeNET [21].”
Namba, S., Goda, M., Kuniki, Y., Ishizawa, K., Iida, M., Takeshita, J., & Yamanishi, Y. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.115339
Machine learning approaches for drug virtual screening
Playe, B. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8bd92cdfzf773z462dzba58za5132a1d4e92 · Cited by 1
Koptelov, M. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/bd341027z4d48z4cb9z8b32z3323e774a493
Li, Z., Lv, H., Yuan, T., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.6c00027
Ito, R., Hamano, M., Kawasaki, R., Watanabe, H., Matsuo, A., & Yamanishi, Y. (2026) · Communications Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s42004-026-01991-y
“These interaction data were acquired from public databases such as ChEMBL 43 , MATADOR 44 , DrugBank 45 , BindingDB 46 , KEGG DRUG, the Psychoactive Drug Screening Program Ki (PDSP-Ki) 39,47 , and the Therapeutic Target Database 48 .”
Dashatan, N. A., Koushki, M., & Ahmadi, N. (2026) · Journal of Parasitic Diseases · doi:10.1007/s12639-026-01994-5
Decoupling topological and molecular features for interpretable biomolecular interaction prediction
Wu, Q., Liu, Y., Yang, F., Huang, W., Zhu, X., & Liu, J. (2026) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbag471
“The DTI02 dataset is composed of four subsets, sourced from the Kyoto Encyclo-pedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) BRITE [ 26], BRENDA [ 27], Super-Target [ 28], and DrugBank databases [ 29].”
BindingDB (2017) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2xd13mt
Metadata
- Authors
- Gunther, S., Kuhn, M., Dunkel, M., Campillos, M., Senger, C., Petsalaki, E., Ahmed, J., Urdiales, E. G., Gewiess, A., Jensen, L. J., Schneider, R., Skoblo, R., Russell, R. B., Bourne, P. E., Bork, P., & Preissner, R.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Preissner, R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-12-23
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- Database
- Pages
- D919-D922
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC2238858
- OpenAlex
- W2108069034
- Cited by
- 647
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 16.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MDC Repository (Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 449)
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (SFB 449)
- Deutsche Krebshilfe
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Drug Discovery › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Keywords
- drug-target interactions, matadors, cytochrome P450, drug pathways, Gene Ontology, adverse drug reactions, drug screening, protein sequence comparison, literature annotation
- MeSH terms
- Pharmaceutical Preparations, Pharmacology, Proteins, User-Computer Interface, Drug Design, Databases, Factual, Drug Delivery Systems, Internet
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review